The Twenty Eight Bolsheviks were a group of Chinese students who studied at the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University from the late 1920s until early 1935. The university was set up in 1925 as a by-product of Kuomintang's founder Sun Yat-Sen or Sun Zhongshan's policy of alliance with Soviet Union and named after him. Although the university only lasted for 5 years, it had important influence on Chinese modern history by training many prominent Chinese political figures, among which the most famous ones are called "Twenty Eight|Twenty Eight and A Half Bolsheviks". This group of students consisted of hardliners of Marxism-Leninism policy, regarded them as legitimate and one hundred percent Marxists. Moscow Sun Yat-sen University(莫斯科中山大学 in Chinese) was a famous training camp of Chinese revolutionists both from Communist Party of China and Kuomintang in the 1920’s and had deep influence in the Chinese modern history. ... Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America and in Australia as the Roaring Twenties . In Europe it is sometimes refered to as the Golden Twenties. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional: 中國國民黨; Simplified: 中国国民党; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ... Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who had a significant role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ...

The standard Western interpretation is that they neglected the contribution of peasants as Mao's success with Mobile Warfare. That as proteges of Pavel Mif, the president of Moscow Sun Yat-sen University at that time and then Comintern representative to CPC, they thought they were destined to take charge of Chinese revolution. The US M1A1 Abrams tank is a typical modern main battle tank. ... Moscow Sun Yat-sen University(莫斯科中山大学 in Chinese) was a famous training camp of Chinese revolutionists both from Communist Party of China and Kuomintang in the 1920’s and had deep influence in the Chinese modern history. ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Vladmir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of...

Though there definitely was a group by this name, Thomas Kampen's Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and the Evolution of the Chinese Communist Leadership argues that they were only a coherent group in Moscow, opposed to both Kuomintang and Trotskyist influences among Chinese students. That they returned to China at various times, and did not form a coherent faction. That the entire group get lumped with the particular policies of Wang Ming, their most notable member. That even his role was played up to avoid condeming Zhou Enlai for policies he followed before accepting Mao as leader. This is controversial, obviously. But the standard story cannot be accepted without question. The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Zhou Enlai (Simplified: 周恩来; Traditional: 周恩來; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou En-lai) (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), a prominent Chinese Communist leader, was Premier of the Peoples Republic of China from 1949 until his death. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional: 中國國民黨; Simplified: 中国国民党; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Zhou Enlai (Simplified: 周恩来; Traditional: 周恩來; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou En-lai) (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), a prominent Chinese Communist leader, was Premier of the Peoples Republic of China from 1949 until his death. ...

There are several rival lists of the 28. One makes it 29 active members, including: Wang Ming or Chen Shaoyu, and his wife Meng Qingshu (孟庆树in Chinese); Bo Gu or Qin Bangxian; Zhang Wentian or Luo Fu; Wang Jiaxiang; Yang Shangkun; Chen Changhao (陈昌浩 in Chinese) with his wife Du Zuoxiang (杜作祥 in Chinese）; Shen Zhemin（沈泽民in Chinese） and his wife Zhang Qingqiu（张琴秋 in Chinese）; He Kequan or Kai Feng（何克全or 凯丰 in Chinese); Xia Xi（夏曦 in Chinese）; He Zishu（何子述 in Chinese）； Sheng Zhongliang（盛忠亮 in Chinese）; Wang Baoli（王宝礼 in Chinese）; Wang Shengrong（王盛荣 in Chinese）; Wang Yuncheng（王云程 in Chinese）; Zhu Ageng（朱阿根 in Chinese）; Zhu Zisun(female)（朱自舜 in Chinese）; Sun Jiming（孙济民 in Chinese）; Song Panmin（宋盘民 in Chinese）; Chen Yuandao（陈原道 in Chinese）; Li Zhusheng（李竹声 in Chinese）; Li Yuanjie（李元杰 in Chinese）; Wang Shengdi（汪盛荻 in Chinese）; Xiao Tefu（肖特甫 in Chinese）; Ying Jian（殷鉴 in Chinese）; Yan Jiayong（袁家镛 in Chinese）, Xu Yixin（徐以新 in Chinese）. And the half there were two saying: one was that the half was Xu Yixin because of his pendulous attitude between left and right. The other was that the half was Wang Shengrong for his being so short that he could only be counted as a half. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... Zhang Wentian 张闻天 (1900–July 1, 1976), also known as Luo Fu, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1935 to March 20, 1943. ... Wang Jiaxiang Wang Jiaxiang (August 15, 1906 - January, 1974), one of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of China in its early stage and a member of the 28 Bolsheviks, with his life of up and down indicating the cruel reality of politics. ... Yáng ShàngkÅ«n (May 25, 1907–September 14, 1998) was President of the Peoples Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission. ...

With support from their mentor Pavel Mif, who was president of Sun Yat-sen University and then envoy of Comintern to China, their return to China firstly brought struggle with Li Lisan and his allies who controlled Communist Party of China, and then fought against Li's dissidents in CPC as well. In the 4th Plenary Meeting of 6th National Congress of CPC,with the presence and direct support of Mif, who acted as Comintern representative to CPC and like a imperial envoy, Wang Ming and his group's had big victory. Wang was elected as member of politburo of CPC, and Bo Gu, Zhang Wentian took different important jobs. In order to remove the last obstacles, they launched a renewed struggle between the Central Committee and Mao Zedong's fledgling Chinese Soviet Republic and won in some rounds. Although Wang Ming returned to Moscow after his short stay in Shanghai, Bo Gu and Zhang Wentian both took the position of General Secretary of Central Committee of CPC by turns and led Chinese revolution into a radical way which resulted in CPC's great lost and then they had to go on Long March. Lǐ Lìsān (李立三, Wade-Giles: Li Li-san) (March 1899 - June 22, 1967) was a Chinese communist leader in early stage, the actual paramount leader of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1930. ... Communist Party of China flag The Communist Party of China (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; pinyin: ) is the ruling party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Vladmir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... Zhang Wentian 张闻天 (1900–July 1, 1976), also known as Luo Fu, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1935 to March 20, 1943. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The Jiangxi Soviet, formally called the Chinese Soviet Republic (中华苏维埃共和国 Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Sūwéiāi Gònghēguó), also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, existed from 1931 to 1934. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: â–¶ (help· info)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... Shanghai (Chinese: 上海 pinyin: â–¶ (help· info); Shanghainese IPA: ; Lumazi: Zanhe) , situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is Chinas largest city. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... Zhang Wentian 张闻天 (1900–July 1, 1976), also known as Luo Fu, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1935 to March 20, 1943. ... The Long March (長征, pinyin:ChángzhÄ“ng) was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Army to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. ...

At the 1935 Zunyi Conference, the 28 Bolsheviks were completely defeated by Mao Zedong and his allies for their incompetence in military command; in this conference, Bo Gu stood by with the Comintern military advisor Otto Braun or Li De, while Zhang and Wang Jiaxiang, who was General Commissar of the Red Army, and Yang Shangkun, Commissar of the Third Field Army of Red Army at that time, defected to Mao's camp, which eventually announced the disintegration of the 28 Bolsheviks. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... As a well-organized and highly disciplined party, the Communist Party of China made important decisions and enforced its policies by holding different meetings. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Vladmir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of... Wang Jiaxiang Wang Jiaxiang (August 15, 1906 - January, 1974), one of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of China in its early stage and a member of the 28 Bolsheviks, with his life of up and down indicating the cruel reality of politics. ... Yáng Shàngkūn (May 25, 1907–September 14, 1998) was President of the Peoples Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission. ...

Among which, Wang Ming, Zhang Wentian and Bo Gu had been General Secretary of CPC. Wang was in exile to Moscow and died there. Zhang was demoted to do some ideology research work in Yanan and later was appointed as Deputy Foreign Minister after 1949, and was soon purged for his labelled anti-revolution group with Peng Dehuai in LuShan Meeting and then persecuted to death in Cultural Revolution and Bo Gu died in a air crash in 1940's when he returned to Yanan. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Zhang Wentian 张闻天 (1900–July 1, 1976), also known as Luo Fu, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1935 to March 20, 1943. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: â–¶ (help· info)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... Yanan (延安, pinyin Yánān, or Yen-an in Wade-Giles), is a city in Shaanxi province, China. ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister who helps form the governmental foreign policy of a sovereign nation. ... Péng Déhuái (T. Chinese: 彭德懷, S. Chinese: 彭德怀, Wade-Giles: Peng Te-huai) (October 24, 1898 - November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader. ... A poster during the Cultural Revolution. ... Qin Bangxian or Bo Gu (秦邦宪或博古) (1907-April 8, 1946) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1934-1935. ... Yanan (延安, pinyin Yánān, or Yen-an in Wade-Giles), is a city in Shaanxi province, China. ...

Wang Jiaxiang later was demoted to Minister of Outside Communication Department of CPC and Chinese Ambassador to Soviet Union and persecuted to death in Cultural Revolution too. Wang Jiaxiang Wang Jiaxiang (August 15, 1906 - January, 1974), one of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of China in its early stage and a member of the 28 Bolsheviks, with his life of up and down indicating the cruel reality of politics. ... A poster during the Cultural Revolution. ...

Chen Changhao worked with Zhang Guotao when he returned from Moscow and became Zhang's Commissar, and lost his power in the struggle between Zhang and Mao, and later became a researcher in CPC history but could not escaped from persecution too. Zhāng Guótāo Zhang Guotao (Simplified Chinese: 张国焘; Traditional Chinese: 張國燾; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang Kuo-tao; 1897 - December 3, 1979) was a founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1920s and 1930s. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ▶ (help· info)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ...

He Kequan once was General Secretary of China Communist Youth League ,and later Vice Minister of Propagada Department of CPC, died in his late 40's in 1954.

Xia Xi was sent to Hunan and then carried out the horrible purging which claims more than 40,000 lives of Red Army soldiers and commanders. In the end he was regarded as a public enemy so that in Long March when he fell down to a river, nobody went to save him and resulted in his death in drowning. Hunan (Chinese: 湖南; pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... The Long March (長征, pinyin:Chángzhēng) was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Army to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. ...

Yang Shangkun survived in several cleanings including Cultural Revolution and later became paramount leader of CPC in 1980's. Yáng Shàngkūn (May 25, 1907–September 14, 1998) was President of the Peoples Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was permanent Vice-chair of the Central Military Commission. ... A poster during the Cultural Revolution. ...

Sheng Zemin, who was little brother of famous writer Shen Yuanbin or Mao Dun, worked for Zhang Guotao and his 4th Red Army. When Zhang and his army evacuated after their defeat, Sheng led a guerrilla and later died in a battle. His wife Zhang Qingqiu later married with Chen Changhao and became the only one female division commander of red army. After 1949 she was appointed as Deputy Minister of Textile Industry. Neither did she survive in the persecution of Cultural Revolution. Zhāng Guótāo Zhang Guotao (Simplified Chinese: 张国焘; Traditional Chinese: 張國燾; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang Kuo-tao; 1897 - December 3, 1979) was a founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1920s and 1930s. ... A poster during the Cultural Revolution. ...

Ying Jian was arrested by Kuomintang when he mobilized workers in Northern Cina and executed later. The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional: 中國國民黨; Simplified: 中国国民党; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ...

Li Zhusheng was promoted to a member acting politburo after Wang Ming's return to Moscow in 1931, in charge of daily work of CPC in Shanghai, but he was under arrest before long .Li defected to KMT and sold many of his former colleagues out.

Chen Yuandao was appointed as senior leader for Jiangsu and Henan Division of CPC, and later was under arrest and executed by KMT in Nanjing. Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... Nanjing (Chinese: 南京; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Nan-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Nanking), is the capital of Chinas Jiangsu Province and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. ...

Xu Yixin worked for Zhang Guotao's 4th Red Army and became his vice general commissar, and survived wars and party cleansings .After establishment of People's Republic of China, Xu held the position of ambassador, Under Secretary of Foreign Ministry. He died in the 1990's.

Yuan Jiayong was appointed as General Secretary of Jiangsu Division of CPC , and later was under arrest, then defected to KMT and worked for its secret police.

He Zishu worked for the Northern China Bureau of CPC , and was exectued by KMT in 1929. Alternative meaning: In geology, North China (continent) and South China (continent) were two ancient landmasses that correspond to modern northern and southern China. ...

Wang Shengrong was a senoir leader of CPC , survived wars and party purges and now still alive.

Wang Yuncheng succeeded Wang Ming as General Secretary of Jiangsu Division of CPC , then was kidnapped by KMT and work its secret police with Li Zhusheng.

Sheng Zhonglian was senior leader of Shanghai Division of CPC, and was sold out by Li Zhusheng, after his arrest,Sheng worked for KMT secret police too. Sheng wrote a memoir on Sun Yat-sen University and 28 Bolsheviks when he lived in the U.S. For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ...

Song Panmin worked for Zhang Guotao too. When he expressed his discontent over the party cleansing carried out by Xia Xi, Song was executed.

Sun Jiming, a senior CY leader,was arrest and defected to KMT together with Wang Yuncheng.

Wang Shengdi and Zhu Ageng left CPC although they held senior positions of CPC for a while.

Wang Baoli,Zhu Zisun, Li Yuanjue, Du Zuoxian were unknown to public later, maybe they had lived in ordinary lives from then.

28 Bolsheviks might have been another Skull and Bones Society at first.But when it was used by their mentors in Moscow to engage in the power of struggle of CPC, they became victims and victimized others. Above all they were still too immature and young in the revolution albeit they had taken great power . They have little practice on revolution, all they could rely were just principles from books. They thought they were orthodox CP members and despised those old CPC members such as Mao Zedong and Zhang Guotao who earn their fames and positions by blood and sweat and were more familiar with Chinese revolution, and above all more skillful in power struggle.Although its members had different endings, as a group 28 Bolsheviks were destined to fail. Today in China 28 Bolsheviks is the code name for doctrinairism and leftism and puppet for imperialism or chauvinism. This article is about a secret society. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ▶ (help· info)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Zhāng Guótāo Zhang Guotao (Simplified Chinese: 张国焘; Traditional Chinese: 張國燾; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang Kuo-tao; 1897 - December 3, 1979) was a founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1920s and 1930s. ...

Wang Ming Image File history File links Pictures from Xinhua News Agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Zhang Wentian No file by this name exists; you can upload it. ...	Bo Gu Image File history File links Pictures from Xinhua News Agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Wang Jiaxiang Image File history File links Picture from Xinhua news agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Yang Shangkun Image File history File links Pictures from Xinhua News Agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Chen Changhao Image File history File links Pictures from Xinhua News Agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	He Kequan Image File history File links Pictures from Xinhua News Agency File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Sheng Zemin Image File history File links Sheng_Zemin,jpg. ...
Zhang Qinqiu Image File history File links Zhang_Qinqiu. ...	Xu Yixin Image File history File links Xu_Yixin. ...	Xia Xi(first from left) Image File history File links Xia_Xi. ...