NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 2K12 Kub

The 2K12 Kub (Russian: 2К12 "Куб"; English: cube) mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system is a Soviet low to medium-level air defence system designed to protect ground forces from air attack. "2К12" is the GRAU designation of the system. Its NATO reporting name is SA-6 Gainful. A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A cube[1] is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Main Agency of Missiles and Artillery of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union (Ð“Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ñ€Ð°ÐºÐµÑ‚Ð½Ð¾-Ð°Ñ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ð»Ð»ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐœÐž Ð Ð¤, Ð“Ð ÐÐ£) is a department of Soviet/Russian Ministry of Defense which is subordinated to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Armed Forces, vice-minister of defense (Ð½Ð°Ñ‡Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¸Ðº Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ñ€ÑƒÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð’Ð¡ Ð Ð¤ - Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒ ÐœÐ¸Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ñ‹ Ð Ð¤). In particular, the GRAU is responsible for assignment... NATO reporting names were code names for Soviet and Chinese military equipment. ...

Each battery consists of a number of similar tracked vehicles, one of which carries the 1S91 (NATO designation Straight Flush) 25 kW G H band radar (range 75 km47 miles) equipped with a continuous wave illuminator, in addition to an optical sight. The battery usually also includes 4 triple-missile transporter erector launchers (TELs) and 4 trucks each carrying 3 spare missiles and a crane. The G band in the modern (NATO/EU) sense is the range of radio frequencies from 4 GHz to 6 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum. ... The H band is the range of radio frequencies from 6 GHz to 8 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum. ... This long range Radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll[1]. Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine and map the location, direction, and/or speed... A continuous wave (CW) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency. ... A Russian SA-4 TEL. Photo by GulfLINK. A Russian SA-8 TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ...

History

The original system went into production in 1967. It is sometimes claimed that the SA-N-3 naval SAM system is a version of the 3M9 but this is not the case, as the SA-N-3 is a separate system and, unusually for Russian SAMs, has no land-based version. A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Combat

The SA-6 surprised the Israelis in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. They were used to having air superiority over the battlefield. The highly mobile SA-6 took a heavy toll on the slower A-4 Skyhawk and even the F-4 Phantom, forming a protective umbrella until they could be removed. The radar warning receivers on the Israeli aircraft did not alert the pilot to the fact that he was being illuminated by the radar. Once the RWRs were reprogrammed and tactics changed, the SA-6 was no longer such a grave threat. Pilots dubbed the SA-6 "Three Fingers of Death", in reference to the launcher's appearance. Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... The A-4 Skyhawk was an attack aircraft originally designed to operate from United States Navy aircraft carriers. ... The F-4 Phantom II (simply F-4 Phantom after 1990) is a two-place (tandem), supersonic, long-range, all-weather fighter-bomber built by McDonnell Douglas Corporation. ... Typically fitted to military aircraft, radar warning receivers (RWR) detect the radio emmissions of radar systems, whether ground-based or on-board other aircraft. ...

Serbs using modified SA-6s were very successful in shooting down numerous Croatian and Bosnian aircraft and helicopters, including Scott O'Grady's F-16 Fighting Falcon in 1995^[1]. Serbs (in the Serbian language Срби, Srbi) are a south Slavic people living chiefly in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Scott F. OGrady (born October 12, 1965 in Brooklyn, New York) is a former United States Air Force captain who gained prominence after he was shot down in his F-16 by Bosnian Serb forces on June 2, 1995 while patrolling the no-fly zone over Bosnia. ... The F-16 Fighting Falcon is a multirole jet fighter aircraft developed by General Dynamics in the United States. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Operation

The SA-6 system shares a lot of components with the SA-4 system. In many ways they are designed to complement each other; SA-4 is effective at long ranges and high altitudes, SA-6 at medium ranges and intermediate altitudes. The SA-7 and SA-8 systems complete this picture with the low-altitude and short range capabilities. Image File history File links Straightflush01. ... Image File history File links Straightflush01. ... A 2K11 TEL in transit. ... A soldier posing with a Strela launcher. ... 9K33M3 (SA-8 Gecko) TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ...

The system is able to acquire and begin tracking targets using the 1S91 "Straight Flush" radar at 75 km (47 miles) and begin illumination and guidance at 28 km (17 miles). IFF is also performed using this radar. It can only guide between one and two missiles to a single target at any time. The missile is initially command guided with terminal semi active radar homing (SARH), with target illumination provided by the "Straight Flush" radar. Detonation is via either the impact or proximity fuze. On the latest models, this vehicle is also fitted with an optical tracking system which allows engagement without the use of the radar (for active RF emissions stealth reasons, or due to heavy ECM jamming) in which case the effective altitude is limited to 14 km46000 ft. The optical tracking method also allows engagements to altitudes below that where the radar is able to track targets. Maximum target speed is around Mach 2 for head-on engagements and Mach 1 for tail-chase engagements. Top speed of the missile is approximately Mach 2.8. In telecommunications, identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a crypto identification system designed for command and control. ... Command guidance is a type of missile guidance where a ground station or aircraft relay signals to a guided missile via radio (or possibly through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher) and tell the missile where to steer in order to intercept its target. ... Look up Proximity fuze in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A proximity fuze (also called a VT fuze) is a fuze that is designed to detonate an explosive automatically when close enough to the target to destroy it. ... ECM is an abbreviation of: Electret condenser microphone Electro chemical machining Electronic countermeasures Electronic contract manufacturing Electronic control module Elliptic curve method (integer factorization) Electron Cloud Model Enterprise content management Entitlement control message - in secure data transfer Error correction mode (fax protocol) Essentials of Clinical Medicine Extracellular matrix See also... The term Jamming can refer to several things: Jamming as an electronic warfare (EW) - a technique to limit the effectiveness of an opponents communications and/or detection equipment, like Radio Jamming and Radar Jamming E-Mail Jamming- used by electronic political activists or hackers to disable e-mail systems... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ...

In contrast to the elaborate Patriot missile or even the simpler Hawk system fielded by US forces, most of the system rides on two tracked self-propelled vehicles, rather than towed or mounted on trucks, and either the launcher or control vehicle can be set to launch in only 15 minutes after changing location. Four Patriot missiles like the one shown here can be fired from this mobile launcher between loadings. ...

Missiles and versions

The fairly large missiles have an effective range of 3-24 km (2-15 miles) and an effective altitude of 50-12000m (164-39,370 ft). The missile weighs 599 kg (1321 lb) and the warhead weighs 56 kg (123 lb). Top missile speed is approx. Mach 2.8. Propulsion is via a solid fuel rocket motor which, when burned out, forms the combustion chamber for a ramjet in a pioneering design putting this missile far ahead of its contemporaries in terms of propulsion (not to mention other areas). A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... A U.S. military photo taken from http://www. ... A Russian SA-4 TEL. Photo by GulfLINK. A Russian SA-8 TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ... Map showing the locations of Nellis AFB and the NAFR Nellis Air Force Base (IATA: LSV, ICAO: KLSV) is a United States Air Force base, located in Clark County, Nevada, on the northeast side of Las Vegas. ... An F/A-18 Hornet breaking the sound barrier. ... Solid fuel is a term given to various types of solid material that provide energy. ... A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust from within a rocket engine. ... A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a stovepipe jet, is a type of jet engine. ...

In 1977 a new version, the 3M9M1 (US DoD SA-6B) was created with three missiles fitted onto a different chassis (the same as that of the SA-11 "Gadfly", the SA-6's effective replacement) with an integrated "Fire Dome" missile guidance radar. For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated as DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... A 9K37M TEL The Novator 9K37 Buk (Russian 9К37 Бук - beech, NATO reporting name SA-11 Gadfly) is the successor to the well-regarded NIIP/Vympel 3M9 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) medium-altitude, medium-range surface-to-air missile system. ...

The 9K37 "Buk" (NATO reporting name SA-11 "Gadfly") is the evolution of the 3M9. For comparisons between the 3M9, 9K37 and 9K38, see the 9K37 entry. A 9K37M TEL. Photo by Field Artillery Magazine. ...

An earlier incremental upgrade saw the 2K12 missiles replaced with the 2K12E versions and this system was known as "Квадрат" (square).

The Indian Akash is a modern missile system based heavily on the SA-6 missile but with a new phased array radar, different vehicles and other improvements. Akash SAM Test Firing Akash (Sanskrit for Sky, sometimes spelt Aakash) is under development as part of Indias Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and DRDO to achieve self-sufficiency in the area of surface-to-air missiles. ... A giant phased-array radar in Alaska In telecommunication, a phased array is a group of antennas in which the relative phases of the respective signals feeding the antennas are varied in such a way that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction and...

Additional radar systems

The SA-6 can also be used at a regimental level. If used as such it is accompanied by a number of extra radar systems for air search at longer ranges and lower altitudes, in addition to the "Straight Flush". These systems include the:

The "Spoon Rest" and "Thin Skin" are mounted on a truck, "Long Track" on a tracked vehicle (a modified AT-T) and "Flat Face" on a van. It is unknown what kind of a mounting does the "Score Board" have. An S-75 missile on camoflaged launcher An S-75 missile in elevated position An North Vietnamese S-75 site An S-75 missile in transit A Fan Song radar (left) and what looks like a Low Blow to the right The SA-2 Guideline is the NATO reporting name... A 2K11 TEL in transit. ... 9K33M3 (SA-8 Gecko) TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ... Two S-125 dual missile launcher trailers. ... An S-75 missile on camoflaged launcher An S-75 missile in elevated position An North Vietnamese S-75 site An S-75 missile in transit A Fan Song radar (left) and what looks like a Low Blow to the right The SA-2 Guideline is the NATO reporting name... A 2K11 TEL in transit. ... An S-200 missile on its launcher. ...

Without the P-40 "Long Track" mobile radar vehicle, the SA-6 is unable to track aircraft at high altitudes.

Sources

External links

Categories: Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union | Soviet and Russian air defence vehicles | Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of missiles by nation. ... A missile (British English: miss-isle; U.S. English: missl) is, in general, a projectile—that is, something thrown or otherwise propelled. ... Soviet redirects here. ... An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by armour and armed with weapons. ... The Iosif Stalin tank (or IS tank, named after the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin), was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called JS or Ð˜Ð¡ tanks. ... The Iosif Stalin tank (or IS tank, named after the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin), was a heavy tank developed by the Soviet Union during World War II. The tanks in the series are also sometimes called JS or Ð˜Ð¡ tanks. ... The T-10 was a Soviet heavy tank of the Cold War, the final development of the KV and IS tank series. ... The T-54 and T-55 tank series was the Soviet Unions front-line main battle tank from 1947 until 1962, and remains in service throughout the world to this day, especially by former client states of the Soviet Union. ... The T-54 and T-55 tank series was the Soviet Unions front-line main battle tank from 1947 until 1962, and remains in service throughout the world to this day, especially by former client states of the Soviet Union. ... The PT-76 is a Soviet amphibious tank which was introduced in early 1950s and soon became the standard reconnaissance tank of the Soviet Army and the other Warsaw Pact armies. ... The T-62 Soviet main battle tank is a further development of the T-54/55 series. ... The T-64, a Soviet main battle tank, was introduced in the late 1960s. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ... The T-90 is the newest main battle tank (MBT) in service with the Russian army, a further development of the T-72. ... The Object 640 (ÐžÐ±ÑŠÐµÐºÑ‚ 640) Black Eagle tank (Russian: ) is a prototype main battle tank produced in the Russian Federation. ... The T-94 or T-95 is a prototype main battle tank, currently in development in the Russian Federation. ... The T-72 is a Soviet-designed main battle tank that entered production in 1971. ... The T-80 is a Soviet/Russian/Ukrainian main battle tank. ... The T-84 Main Battle Tank is a Ukrainian development of the Soviet T-80 main battle tank, first built in 1993. ... Armoured personnel carriers (APCs) are armoured fighting vehicles developed to transport infantry on the battlefield. ... BTR-50P/PK recognition plate. ... The MT-LB is a Soviet multi-purpose fully-amphibious armoured personnel carrier which was first introduced in the 1970s. ... The BMP-1 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1960s. ... The BMD-1 is a Soviet airborne infantry fighting vehicle, which was introduced in 1969 and first seen by the West in 1970. ... The BMP-1 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced in the early 1960s. ... The BMP-3 is a Soviet infantry fighting vehicle which was first introduced 1990. ... The BTR-T (Russian: Bronetransporter-Tyazhelyy, â€˜Armoured Transporterâ€“Heavyâ€™) is a Russian heavy infantry combat vehicle, designed by the Design Bureau of Transport Machine-Building (Omsk Transmash) state-run production association. ... BMPT (Russian: , â€˜Tank Support Fighting Vehicleâ€™) is a new Russian armored vehicle designed to support tank and infantry operations, primarily in urban areas. ... The BTR-152 was the Soviet armored personnel carrier. ... The BTR-40 armored personnel carrier was developed in 1950 by a team headed by V. A. Dedkov and was produced from 1950 to 1958 at Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod. ... The BRDM-1 (Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina, Ð‘Ð¾ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð Ð°Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ‹Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð”Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ñ€Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐœÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½Ð°, literally Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle â€ ) was an armored scout car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. ... The BRDM-2 (Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina, Ð‘Ð¾ÐµÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð Ð°Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ‹Ð²Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð”Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ñ€Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐœÐ°ÑˆÐ¸Ð½Ð°, literally Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle â€ ) is an armoured scout car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union. ... The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers. ... BTR-70 The BTR-70 is an eight-wheeled armored personnel carrier originally developed during the late 1970s and fielded by the Warsaw Pact and allies beginning in the early 1980s. ... BTR-80 is a 8x8 wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in the Soviet Union. ... BTR-90 (GAZ-5923) is a 8x8 wheeled Armoured personnel carrier designed in Russia. ... BTR-4 is a 8x8 wheeled armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in Ukraine by the Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (SOE KMDB)as a private venture. ... The BTR-94 amphibious armoured personnel carrier is an Ukrainian modification of the Soviet eight-wheeled BTR-80. ... A U.S. M109A6 Paladin self-propelled howitzer Self-propelled artillery (also called mobile artillery or locomotive artillery) vehicles are a way of giving mobility to artillery. ... The 2S1 is a Russian 122-mm self-propelled howitzer that resembles the PT-76 but is essentially a version of the MT-LB APC. The correct Russian designation is SAU-122 but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika (Carnation). The 2S1 is fully amphibious with... The 2S3 is a 152 mm self-propelled artillery produced by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ... The 2S4 Tyulpan(Tulip tree)is a soviet self-propelled mortar. ... The 2S5 (Giatsint-S, Hyacinth) is a turretless Soviet/Russian 152 mm self-propelled gun. ... The 2S19 Msta (Russian: , named after the Msta River) is a conventional self-propelled 152 mm howitzer designed by the Soviet Union during the later part of the Cold War. ... The ASU-57 was a Soviet assault gun that could be deployed by parachute. ... The ASU-85 was a Soviet self-propelled gun based on the PT-76 tank chassis, and was equipped with an 85mm gun. ... BM-13 Katyusha RM-70 of the Polish Army A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system, in use since the Second World War. ... BM-14 battery. ... BM-21 battery. ... The 9P140 Uragan (hurricane), known as the BM-27 began its service with the Soviet army in the late 1970s as its first modern spin and fin stabilized heavy multiple rocket launcher. ... The BM-30 Smerch (Tornado) or 9K58 is a Soviet/Russian MRLS. The system is designed to defeat manpower, armored and soft-skinned materiel in concentration areas, artillery batteries, command posts and ammunition depots. ... A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation or from a ship. ... FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) FROG-7B (Luna M) The FROG-7 is the final version of the FROG family of unguided, spin-stabilized, short-range artillery rockets. ... SS-21 (NATO reporting name Scarab, Russian designation 9K79, or OTR-21 Ð¢Ð¾Ñ‡ÐºÐ° [point]) is a Soviet short-ranged tactical ballistic missile. ... The R-400 Oka (Russian: ; named after Oka River) was a mobile theatre ballistic missile deployed by the Soviet Union near the end of the Cold War. ... Iskander (NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) is a short range, solid fuel propelled, theater quasiballistic missile produced in Russia. ... A self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon (SPAA, also self-propelled air defense, SPAD) is an anti-aircraft gun or surface-to-air missile launcher mounted on a mobile vehicle chassis. ... A ZSU-57-2 SPAAG. Photo by GulfLINK. The ZSU-57-2 (Zenitnaya Samokhodnaya Ustanovka) is a lightly armoured, self propelled Soviet air defence cannon ( SPAAG). ... The ZSU-23-4 Shilka is a lightly armoured, self-propelled, radar guided anti-aircraft weapon system (SPAAG). ... The Tunguska Integrated Air Defence System. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ... A 2K11 TEL in transit. ... 9K33M3 (SA-8 Gecko) TELAR. Photo by Naval Expeditionary Warfare Training. ... A 9K31 transporter erector launcher. ... A 9K37M TELAR 9A310M1. ... An SA-13 TELAR. Photo by GulfLINK. The ZRK-BD 9K35 Strela-10 (Russian 9Ðš35 Ð¡Ñ‚Ñ€ÐµÐ»Ð°-10 - arrow, NATO reporting name SA-13 Gopher) is a highly mobile, visually aimed, optical/infra-red guided, low-altitude, short-range surface to air missile system. ... A 3M9 TEL with missiles erected. ... A 9K330 TELAR. Photo from Field Artillery Magazine. ... A single S-300-PM missile TEL ready to fire. ... The Pantsyr-S1 ((Russian ÐŸÐ°Ð½Ñ†Ð¸Ñ€ÑŒ Ð¡-1 - lorica or breastplate) is a Russian self-propelled air-defence system. ... A Buk-M1-2 SAM system 9A310M1-2 self-propelled launcher The 9K38 Buk-M1-2 (Russian Ð‘ÑƒÐº - beech, NATO reporting name SA-17 Grizzly) is the continuation of the series of Russian surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) which started with the 3M9 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) and 9K37 Buk SA... This list of armoured fighting vehicles by country is a list of all armoured fighting vehicles sorted by country of origin. ...

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