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Encyclopedia > 3 Juno
3 Juno  

Juno moving among background stars
Discovery
Discovered by: Karl Ludwig Harding
Discovery date: September 1, 1804
Alternative names: none
Minor planet category: Main belt (Juno clump)
Orbital characteristics
Epoch November 25, 2005 (JD 2453699.5)
Aphelion distance: 502.276 Gm (3.358 AU)
Perihelion distance: 296.03 Gm (1.979 AU)
Semi-major axis: 399.155 Gm (2.668 AU)
Eccentricity: 0.2583
Orbital period: 1591.93 d (4.36 a)
Avg. orbital speed: 17.93 km/s
Mean anomaly: 7.879°
Inclination: 12.971°
Longitude of ascending node: 170.125°
Argument of perihelion: 247.839°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions: 290×240×190 km
Mass: 3.0×1019 kg[1][2]
Mean density: 3.4 g/cm³
Equatorial surface gravity: 0.12 m/s²
Escape velocity: 0.18 km/s
Rotation period: 0.3004 d[3]
Albedo: 0.238[5]
Temperature: ~163 K
max: 301 K (+28° C)[6]
Spectral type: S-type asteroid[4]
Absolute magnitude: 5.33[5]

Juno (IPA: [ˈdʒunoʊ]), designated 3 Juno in the Minor Planet Center catalogue system, was the third asteroid to be discovered and is one of the largest main belt asteroids, being the second heaviest of the stony S-type. It was discovered on September 1, 1804 by German astronomer Karl L. Harding and named after the mythological figure Juno, the highest Roman goddess. The adjectival form of the name is Junonian. Image File history File links Juno_symbol. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Karl Ludwig Harding (September 29, 1765 – August 31, 1834) was a German astronomer notable for having discovered the asteroid 3 Juno. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Provisional designation of in astronomy is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. ... The asteroid belt is a region of the solar system falling roughly between the planets Mars and Jupiter where the greatest concentration of asteroid orbits can be found. ... The Juno clump is a probable asteroid family in the vicinity of 3 Juno. ... m. ... In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time for which celestial coordinates or orbital elements are specified. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Julian day or Julian day number (JDN) is the (integer) number of days that have elapsed since Monday, January 1, 4713 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar [1]. That day is counted as Julian day zero. ... A diagram of Keplerian orbital elements. ... A diagram of Keplerian orbital elements. ... The semi-major axis of an ellipse In geometry, the term semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) is used to describe the dimensions of ellipses and hyperbolae. ... Look up giga- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The or meter (see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... The astronomical unit (AU or au or a. ... (This page refers to eccitricity in astrodynamics. ... The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ... Look up day in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In astronomy, a Julian year is a unit of time defined as exactly 365. ... The orbital speed of a body, generally a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body. ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly is a measure of time, specific to the orbiting body p, which is a multiple of 2π radians at and only at periapsis. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually symbolized °, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1／360 of a full rotation. ... The Longitude of the ascending node (☊, also noted Ω) is one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. ... The argument of periapsis (ω) is the orbital element describing the angle between an orbiting bodys ascending node (the point where the body crosses the plane of reference from South to North) and its periapsis (the point of closest approach to the central body), measured in the orbital plane and... KM, Km, or km may stand for: Khmer language (ISO 639 alpha-2, km) Kilometre Kinemantra Meditation Knowledge management KM programming language KM Culture, Korean Movie Maker. ... Unsolved problems in physics: What causes anything to have mass? The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. Mass is the property of a physical object that quantifies the amount of matter and energy it is equivalent to. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... A cubic centimetre (cm3) is an SI derived unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with side length of 1 centi metre. ... The surface gravity of a Killing horizon is the acceleration, as exerted at infinity, needed to keep an object at the horizon. ... Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on mission STS-71. ... In astronomy, a rotation period is the time an astronomical object takes to complete one revolution around its rotation axis. ... Albedo is the ratio of reflected to incident electromagnetic radiation power. ... Fig. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Approximately 17% of all known asteroids are of an S-type (for stony) composition. ... In astronomy, absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude, m, an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance away from us, in the absence of interstellar extinction. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... It has been suggested that minor planet be merged into this article or section. ... The asteroid belt is a region of the solar system falling roughly between the planets Mars and Jupiter where the greatest concentration of asteroid orbits can be found. ... Approximately 17% of all known asteroids are of an S-type (for stony) composition. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1804 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a person whose area of interest is astronomy or astrophysics. ... Karl Ludwig Harding (September 29, 1765 – August 31, 1834) was a German astronomer notable for having discovered the asteroid 3 Juno. ... IVNO REGINA (Queen Juno) on a coin celebrating Julia Soaemias. ...

Contents

Characteristics

Size comparison: the first 10 asteroids profiled against Earth's Moon. Juno is third from the left.
Size comparison: the first 10 asteroids profiled against Earth's Moon. Juno is third from the left.

Juno is one of the largest asteroids, containing approximately 1.0% the mass of the entire asteroid belt. In a ranking by size, it is tenth. It vies with 15 Eunomia for the honour of being the largest of the stony S-type asteroids, although the newest estimates put Juno in second place. Amongst S-types it is unusually reflective, which may be indicative of different surface properties. This high reflectivity along with Juno's high eccentricity (the highest of any known object until Polyhymnia was discovered in 1854) explains its relatively high magnitude and its discovery predating that of the larger asteroids Hygiea, Europa, Davida and Interamnia. It is the main body in the Juno family. Juno was originally considered a planet, along with 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta. It was re-classified as an asteroid, with the other three, when many more additional asteroids were discovered. Juno's small size and irregular shape preclude it from being considered a dwarf planet under the IAU classification. Image File history File links The first 10 asteroids profiled against the Earths Moon. ... Image File history File links The first 10 asteroids profiled against the Earths Moon. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... 15 Eunomia (ew-noh-mee-a) is the 12th largest Main belt asteroid. ... Approximately 17% of all known asteroids are of an S-type (for stony) composition. ... 33 Polyhymnia (IPA: ) is a main belt asteroid. ... 10 Hygiea (hye-jee-a or hi-jee-a) is the fourth largest Main belt asteroid with a diameter of 407 km. ... 52 Europa, diameter 289 km, was discovered on February 4, 1858 by H. Goldschmidt. ... 511 Davida is a main belt asteroid. ... 704 Interamnia (IN ter AM nia) is a very large asteroid with a diameter of 350 kilometres. ... The Juno clump is a probable asteroid family in the vicinity of 3 Juno. ... 1 Ceres (IPA , Latin: ) is a dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. ... 2 Pallas (pal-us, Greek Παλλάς) was the first asteroid discovered after 1 Ceres. ... 4 Vesta (ves-ta) is the second most massive asteroid in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of about 530 km and an estimated mass 12% the mass of the entire asteroid belt. ... Artists impression of Pluto (background) and Charon (foreground). ... The final definition left the solar system with eight planets, pictured above (not to scale) Displays the remaining eight planets with the celestial bodies that have now been designated as dwarf planets. ...


Juno rotates in a prograde direction, with the north pole pointing towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (27°, 103°) with a 10° uncertainty.[7] This gives an axial tilt of 51°. Prograde motion is the motion of a planetary body in a direction similar to that of other bodies within its system, and is sometimes called direct motion, especially in astrology. ... The ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the ecliptic for its fundamental plane. ... In astronomy, Axial tilt is the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to a perpendicular to its orbital plane. ...


Spectroscopic studies of the Junonian surface permit the conclusion that Juno could be the body of origin of ordinary chondrites, a common group of stony meteorites composed of iron-containing silicates such as olivine and pyroxene.[8] The maximum temperature on the surface, when the sun is overhead, was measured at about 293 K on October 2, 2001. Taking into account also the heliocentric distance at the time, this gives an estimated maximum of 301 K (+28°C) at perihelion.[6] Chondrites are meteorites of the stony type, that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. ... In chemistry, a silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. ... The mineral olivine (also called chrysolite and, when gem-quality, peridot) is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. ... Figure 1:Mantle-peridotite xenolith with green peridot olivine and black pyroxene crystals from San Carlos Indian Reservation, Gila Co. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ... October 2 is the 275th day (276th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 90 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In astronomy, heliocentrism is the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Universe and/or the Solar System. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... This article is about several astronomical terms (apogee & perigee, aphelion & perihelion, generic equivalents based on apsis, and related but rarer terms. ...


Infrared images reveal that it possesses an approximately 100 km wide crater or ejecta feature, the result of a geologically young impact.[9][10]


Observations

Some notable observation milestones for Juno include:

  • Juno was the first asteroid for which an occultation was observed. It passed in front of a dim star (SAO 112328) on February 19, 1958. Since then, several occultations by Juno have been observed, the most fruitful being on December 11, 1979 which was registered by 18 observers.[11]
  • Radio signals from spacecraft in orbit around Mars and/or on its surface have been used to estimate the mass of Juno from the tiny perturbations induced by it onto the motion of Mars.[2]
  • A study by James Hilton suggests that Juno's orbit changed (slightly) around 1839, "very likely" due to perturbations from a passing asteroid, whose identity has not been determined yet. An alternate yet unlikely explanation is an impact by a sizeable body.[12]

In this July, 1997 still frame captured from video, the bright star Aldebaran has just reappeared on the dark limb of the waning crescent moon in this predawn occultation. ... STAR is an acronym for: Organizations Society for Telescopy, Astronomy, and Radio, a non-profit New Jersey astronomy club. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... James Lindsay Hilton (born February 21, 1957) has been an astronomer at the United States Naval Observatory since 1986. ... m. ... 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California. ... The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California. ... A deformable mirror can be used to correct wavefront errors in an astronomical telescope. ...

References

  • Yeomans, Donald K.. Horizons system. NASA JPL. Retrieved on 2007-03-20. — Horizons can be used to obtain a current ephemeris
  1. ^ Pitjeva, E. V. (2005). "High-Precision Ephemerides of Planets—EPM and Determination of Some Astronomical Constants" (PDF). Solar System Research 39 (3): 176. DOI:10.1007/s11208-005-0033-2. 
  2. ^ a b Pitjeva, E. V. (2004). "Estimations of masses of the largest asteroids and the main asteroid belt from ranging to planets, Mars orbiters and landers". 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 18 - 25 July 2004, in Paris, France: 2014. 
  3. ^ Harris, A. W.; Warner, B.D.; Pravec, P.; Eds. (2006). Asteroid Lightcurve Derived Data. EAR-A-5-DDR-DERIVED-LIGHTCURVE-V8.0.. NASA Planetary Data System. Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
  4. ^ Neese, C.; Ed. (2005). Asteroid Taxonomy.EAR-A-5-DDR-TAXONOMY-V5.0.. NASA Planetary Data System. Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
  5. ^ a b Davis, D. R.; Neese, C., Eds. (2002). Asteroid Albedos. EAR-A-5-DDR-ALBEDOS-V1.1.. NASA Planetary Data System. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  6. ^ a b Lim, Lucy F.; McConnochie, Timothy H.; Bell, James F.; Hayward, Thomas L. (2005). "Thermal infrared (8-13μm) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey". Icarus 173 (2): 385-408. DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.08.005. 
  7. ^ Kaasalainen, M.; J. Torppa; J. Piironen (2002). "Models of Twenty Asteroids from Photometric Data" (PDF). Icarus 159 (2): 369–395. DOI:10.1006/icar.2002.6907. 
  8. ^ Gaffey, Michael J.; Burbine, Thomas H.; Piatek, Jennifer L.; Reed, Kevin L.; Chaky, Damon A.; Bell, Jeffrey F.; Brown, R. H. (1993). "Mineralogical variations within the S-type asteroid class". Icarus 106 (2): 573. DOI:10.1006/icar.1993.1194. 
  9. ^ Asteroid Juno Has A Bite Out Of It. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (2003-08-06). Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  10. ^ a b Baliunas, Sallie; Donahue, Robert; Rampino, Michael R.; Gaffey, Michael J.; Shelton, J. Christopher; Mohanty, Subhanjoy (2003). "Multispectral analysis of asteroid 3 Juno taken with the 100-inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory" (PDF). Icarus 163 (1): 135-141. DOI:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00049-6. 
  11. ^ Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Bowell, E.; Franz, O. G.; White, N. M.; Lockwood, G. W.; Nye, R.; Bertram, R.; Klemola, A.; Dunham, E.; Morrison, D. (February 1981). "The diameter of Juno from its occultation of AG+0°1022". Astronomical Journal 86: 306-313. DOI:10.1086/112889. 
  12. ^ Hilton, James L. (February 1999). "US Naval Observatory Ephemerides of the Largest Asteroids". Astronomical Journal 117: 1077-1086. DOI:10.1086/300728. 

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva is a Russian theoretical physicist at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva is a Russian theoretical physicist at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... The Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed data system that NASA uses to archive data collected by Solar System robotic missions managed by NASA Headquarters Planetary Sciences Division. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (75th in leap years). ... The Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed data system that NASA uses to archive data collected by Solar System robotic missions managed by NASA Headquarters Planetary Sciences Division. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (75th in leap years). ... The Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed data system that NASA uses to archive data collected by Solar System robotic missions managed by NASA Headquarters Planetary Sciences Division. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the CE era. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... James Lindsay Hilton (born February 21, 1957) has been an astronomer at the United States Naval Observatory since 1986. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... The Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) is an astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California. ...

See also

Minor planets
Previous minor planet 3 Juno Next minor planet
List of asteroids
v • d • e
Small Solar System bodies

Vulcanoids · Near-Earth asteroids · Main belt · Jupiter Trojans · Centaurs · Damocloids · Comets · Trans-Neptunians (Kuiper belt • Scattered disc • Oort cloud) Asteroids have become a common theme in science fiction. ... The following is a list of solar system bodies formerly considered planets: 1 Ceres 3 Juno Moon 2 Pallas Sun 4 Vesta The Galilean Moons of Jupiter (called the Medicean Planets by their discoverer, Galileo Galilei) Some astronomers now consider Pluto to be a minor planet, though this is disputed. ... Minor planets, or asteroids or planetoids, are minor celestial bodies of the Solar system orbiting the Sun (mostly Small solar system bodies) that are smaller than major planets, but larger than meteoroids (commonly defined as being 10 meters across or less[1]), and that are not comets. ... 2 Pallas (pal-us, Greek Παλλάς) was the first asteroid discovered after 1 Ceres. ... 4 Vesta (ves-ta) is the second most massive asteroid in the asteroid belt, with a mean diameter of about 530 km and an estimated mass 12% the mass of the entire asteroid belt. ... This is a list of numbered minor planets, nearly all of the asteroids, in sequential order. ... A Small Solar System Body (SSSB) is a term defined in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union to describe objects in the Solar System that are neither planets nor dwarf planets: [1] This encompasses: all minor planets apart from the dwarf planets, : the classical asteroids, (except for 1 Ceres, the... Vulcanoids are hypothetical asteroids that may orbit in a dynamically stable zone between 0. ... Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are asteroids whose orbits are close to Earths orbit. ... For details on the physical properties of bodies in the asteroid belt see Asteroid and Main-belt comet. ... Image of the Trojan asteroids in front of and behind Jupiter along its orbital path. ... The centaurs are a class of icy planetoids that orbit the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune, named after the mythical race of centaurs. ... Damocloids are asteroids such as 5335 Damocles and 1996 PW that have long-period highly eccentric orbits typical of periodic comets such as 1P/Halley, but without showing a cometary coma or tail. ... Comet Hale-Bopp Comet McNaught as seen from Swifts Creek, Victoria, Australia on 23 January 2007 For other uses, see Comet (disambiguation). ... A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) is any object in the solar system that orbits the sun at a greater distance on average than Neptune. ... Artists rendering of the Kuiper Belt and hypothetical more distant Oort cloud. ... The scattered disc (or scattered disk) is a distant region of our solar system, thinly populated by icy planetoids known as scattered disk objects (SDOs), a subset of the broader family of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). ... This image is an artists rendering of the Oort cloud and the Kuiper Belt. ...

For other objects and regions, see Asteroid groups and families, Binary asteroids, Asteroid moons, meteoroids and the Solar System.
For a complete listing, see List of asteroids. See also Pronunciation of asteroid names and Meanings of asteroid names. 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl An asteroid moon is an asteroid that orbits another asteroid. ... It has been suggested that micrometeoroid be merged into this article or section. ... Major features of the Solar System (not to scale; from left to right): Pluto, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, the asteroid belt, the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars. ... This is a list of numbered minor planets, nearly all of the asteroids, in sequential order. ... This page alphabetically lists the first thousand asteroids to be numbered, which are mostly in the main belt. ... This is a list of named asteroids, with links to the Wikipedia articles on the people, places, characters and concepts that they are named after. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
3 Juno - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (672 words)
3 Juno (jew'-noe (key)) was the third asteroid to be discovered and is one of the largest main belt asteroids, being the heaviest of the stony S-type.
Juno is one of the largest asteroids, containing approximately 1.0% the mass of the entire asteroid belt.
In 1996, Juno was imaged by the Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, using adaptive optics.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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