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Egyptian Writing (644 words) |
 | It was adapted from the Etruscan alphabet during the 7th century BC. |
 | Middle Demotic (332 to 30 BC.) - This stage of writing was used during the Ptolemaic Period. |
 | By the end of the third century BC, Greek became the administrative language of the country, and Demotic lost importance. |
| Climate, Culture, and Catastrophe in the Ancient World (1440 words) |
 | BP (6000-3500 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present. |
 | By 4500 BC the favorable climatic conditions and stabilized lower alluvial plains favoring territorial control and mound building (4500 BC) among native Amercan groups in the lower valleys. |
 | The upper treeline in alps (3500 BC) drops 100 meters in 3500 BC then rises to 2500 BC indicating a northern cold spell (and corresponding Near Eastern drought) at 3500. |