A design drawing for an engine. Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of a wide range of computer-based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professionals in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Lifecycle Management process and involves both software and sometimes special-purpose hardware. Current packages range from 2D vector based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modellers. ECAD may refer to: Electronic and Electrical Computer-aided design Error correction and detection Electronic design automation This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ...
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The NASA Columbia Supercomputer. ...
Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
An architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ...
All Saints Chapel in the Cathedral Basilica of St. ...
This is list of geometry topics, by Wikipedia page. ...
Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. ...
It has been suggested that Vector monitor be merged into this article or section. ...
Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the practice of creating accurate representations of objects for technical, architectural and engineering needs. ...
Solid modeling (or modelling) is the unambiguous representation of the solid parts of an object, that is, models of solid objects suitable for computer processing. ...
Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system. ...
Origins and terminology
CAD originally meant Computer Aided Drafting because of its original use as a replacement for traditional drafting. Now, CAD usually means Computer Aided Design to reflect the fact that modern CAD tools do more than just drafting.
CAD is sometimes translated as "computer-assisted", "computer-aided drafting", or a similar phrase. Related acronyms are CADD, which stands for "computer-aided design and drafting", CAID for Computer-aided Industrial Design and CAAD, for "computer-aided architectural design". All these terms are essentially synonymous, but there are a few subtle differences in meaning and application. CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) is also often used in a similar way, or as a combination (CAD/CAM). The term CAD is generally used for graphical design, whereas non-graphical computer-aided design is usually called Knowledge-based engineering (KBE). Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the practice of creating accurate representations of objects for technical, architectural and engineering needs. ...
Computer-aided industrial design (CAID) is a subset of computer_aided design (CAD) that includes software that directly helps in product development. ...
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Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of a wide range of Product Lifecycle Management computer-based software tools that assist engineers, Tool and die makers and CNC machinists, in the manufacture or prototyping of product components. ...
Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is a discipline with roots in computer-aided design (CAD) and knowledge-based systems but has several definitions and roles depending upon the context. ...
Introduction CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products, which can be goods used by end consumers or intermediate goods used in other products. CAD is also extensively used in the design of tools and machinery used in the manufacture of components, and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories). Image File history File links Cadproc1. ...
Image File history File links Cadproc1. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 415 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (540 × 780 pixel, file size: 45 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 415 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (540 × 780 pixel, file size: 45 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Floor plan (floorplan, floor-plan) in its original meaning is an architecture term, a diagram of a room, a building, or a level (floor) of a building as if seen from the above (i. ...
A good in economics is any physical object (natural or man-made) or service that, upon consumption, increases utility, and therefore can be sold at a price in a market. ...
Technical drawing, also known as drafting, is the practice of creating accurate representations of objects for technical, architectural and engineering needs. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
CAD is mainly used for detailed engineering of 3D models and/or 2D drawings of physical components, but it is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies to definition of manufacturing methods of components.
CAD has become an especially important technology, within the scope of Computer Aided technologies, with benefits such as lower product development costs and a greatly shortened design cycle. CAD enables designers to lay out and develop work on screen, print it out and save it for future editing, saving time on their drawings. CAx is a summary term for various kinds of Computer Aided technologies. ...
Fields of use Section of the dome of Florence Cathedral. ...
// Building engineering: a discipline for the modern era Building engineering, commonly known in the US as architectural engineering, is an emerging engineering discipline that concerns with the planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as with their impacts on the surrounding environment. ...
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This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This page is related to transport; you may be looking for the 2002 Bollywood movie Road. ...
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This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ...
An underground pedestrian tunnel between buildings at MIT. Note the utility pipes running along the ceiling. ...
Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of various qualities to different users. ...
Hydraulic engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. ...
A sewer is an artificial conduit or system of conduits used to remove sewage (human liquid waste) and to provide drainage. ...
The word mapping has several senses: In mathematics and related technical fields, it is some kind of function: see map (mathematics). ...
Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument. ...
HVAC systems use ventilation air ducts installed throughout a building that supply conditioned air to a room through rectangular or round outlet vents, called diffusers; and ducts that remove air from return-air grilles Fire-resistance rated mechanical shaft with HVAC sheet metal ducting and copper piping, as well as...
Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ...
PCB Layout Program Electronic design automation (EDA) is the category of tools for designing and producing electronic systems ranging from printed circuit boards (PCBs) to integrated circuits. ...
Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ...
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Fashion design is the applied art dedicated to the design of clothing and lifestyle accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time. ...
Garden design is the art and process of designing the layout and planting of domestic gardens and landscapes. ...
History [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Designers have long used computers for their calculations. Initial developments were carried out in the 1960s within the aircraft and automotive industries in the area of 3D surface construction and NC programming, most of it independent of one another and often not publicly published until much later. Some of the mathematical description work on curves was developed in the early 1940s by Isaac Jacob Schoenberg, Apalatequi (Douglas Aircraft) and Roy Liming (North American Aircraft). Robert A. Heinlein in his 1957 novel The Door into Summer suggested the possibility of a robotic Drafting Dan. However, probably the most important work on polynomial curves and sculptured surface was done by Pierre Bezier (Renault), Paul de Casteljau (Citroen), Steven Anson Coons (MIT, Ford), James Ferguson (Boeing), Carl de Boor (GM), Birkhoff (GM) and Garibedian (GM) in the 1960s and W. Gordon (GM) and R. Riesenfeld in the 1970s. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ...
Pierre Etienne Bézier (September 1, 1910, - November 25, 1999) was a French engineer and creator of the Bézier curves and Bézier surfaces that are now the basis of most computer-aided design and computer graphics systems. ...
Paul de Casteljau(1910 - 1999), an engineer a Citroen, developed an algorithm for computation of a Bézier curve. ...
Life Steven Anson Coons was an early pioneer in the field of computer graphical methods. ...
Carl R. de Boor (born 1937) is a mathematician and professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin. ...
It is argued that a turning point was the development of SKETCHPAD system in MIT in 1963 by Ivan Sutherland (who later created a graphics technology company with Dr. David Evans). The distinctive feature of SKETCHPAD was that it allowed the designer to interact with his computer graphically: the design can be fed into the computer by drawing on a CRT monitor with a light pen. Effectively, it was a prototype of graphical user interface, an indispensable feature of modern CAD. Sketchpad was a revolutionary computer program written by Ivan Sutherland in 1963 in the course of his PhD thesis. ...
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...
Ivan Sutherland Ivan Sutherland, working at MIT (1963) Ivan Edward Sutherland (born 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska) is a computer programmer and Internet pioneer. ...
Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: 1. ...
A computer display monitor, usually called simply a monitor, is a piece of electrical equipment which displays viewable images generated by a computer without producing a permanent record. ...
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with the computers CRT monitor. ...
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special graphical elements called widgets, along with text labels or text navigation to represent the information and actions available to...
First commercial applications of CAD were in large companies in the automotive and aerospace industries, as well as in electronics. Only large corporations could afford the computers capable of performing the calculations. Notable company projects were at GM (Dr. Patrick J.Hanratty) with DAC-1 (Design Augmented by Computer) 1964; Lockhead projects; Bell GRAPHIC 1 and at Renault (Bezier) – UNISURF 1971 car body design and tooling. General Motors Corporation (NYSE: GM), also known as GM, is an American automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Hummer, Opel, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab and Vauxhall. ...
One of the most influential events in the development of CAD was the founding of MCS (Manufacturing and Consulting Services Inc.) in 1971 by Dr. P. J. Hanratty[6], who wrote the system ADAM (Automated Drafting And Machining) but more importantly supplied code to companies such as McDonnell Douglas (Unigraphics), Computervision (CADDS), Calma, Gerber, Autotrol and Control Data. DC-10, retired from American Airlines fleet at gate McDonnell Douglas was a major American aerospace manufacturer, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft. ...
Unigraphics a CAD product from UGS. Now known as NX. ...
Computervision, Inc. ...
Computervision, Inc. ...
Calma Company, based in Sunnyvale, California, was, between 1965 and 1988, a vendor of digitizers and minicomputer-based graphics systems targeted at the cartographic and electronic, mechanical and architectural design markets. ...
As computers became more affordable, the application areas have gradually expanded. The development of CAD software for personal desk-top computers was the impetus for almost universal application in all areas of construction.
Other key points in the 1960s and 1970s would be the foundation of CAD systems United Computing, Intergraph, IBM, Intergraph IGDS in 1974 (which led to Bentley MicroStation in 1984)
CAD implementations have evolved dramatically since then. Initially, with 2D in the 1970s, it was typically limited to producing drawings similar to hand-drafted drawings. Advances in programming and computer hardware, notably solid modeling in the 1980s, have allowed more versatile applications of computers in design activities.
Key products for 1981 were the solid modelling packages -Romulus (ShapeData) and Uni-Solid (Unigraphics) based on PADL-2 and the release of the surface modeler CATIA (Dassault Systemes). Autodesk was founded 1982 by John Walker, which led to the 2D system AutoCAD. The next milestone was the release of Pro/ENGINEER in 1988, which heralded greater usage of feature-based modeling methods and parametric linking of the parameters of features. Also of importance to the development of CAD was the development of the B-rep solid modeling kernels (engines for manipulating geometrically and topologically consistent 3D objects) Parasolid (ShapeData) and ACIS (Spatial Technology Inc.) at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, both inspired by the work of Ian Braid. This led to the release of mid-range packages such as SolidWorks in 1995, SolidEdge (Intergraph) in 1996, and IronCAD in 1998. Today CAD is one of the main tools used in designing products. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
CATIA (Computer Aided Three dimensional Interactive Application) is a multi-platform PLM/CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software suite developed by Dassault Systemes and marketed world-wide by IBM. It was used by Frank Gehry in his building of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. ...
Dassault Systemes (Dassault Systèmes S.A.) (Pronounced - Dasoh) ((Nasdaq: DASTY; Euronext Paris: #13065, DSY.PA)) is a leading company specializing in 3D and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software. ...
AutoCAD is a suite of CAD software products for 2- and 3-dimensional design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. ...
Pro/ENGINEER (commonly referred to as Pro/E or ProE) is a 3D CAD parametric feature solid modeling software created by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC). ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: External Link Only If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ...
Acis was, in Greek mythology, a Sicilian youth who was often considered the son of Dionysus. ...
Software providers today This is an ever-changing industry with many well-known products and companies being taken over and merged with others. There are many CAD software products currently on the market. More than half of the market is, however, covered by the four main PLM corporations Autodesk, Dassault Systemes, PTC, and Siemens UGS, but there are many other CAD packages with smaller user bases or covering niche user areas. See also List of CAD companies and list of free and open-source CAD software. Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. ...
Autodesk, Inc. ...
Dassault Systemes (Dassault Systèmes S.A.) (Pronounced - Dasoh) ((Nasdaq: DASTY; Euronext Paris: #13065, DSY.PA)) is a leading company specializing in 3D and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software. ...
Parametric Technology Corporation (NASDAQ: PMTC) provides product lifecycle management (PLM) engineering CAD/CAM software. ...
UGS (previously known as Unigraphics Solutions Inc. ...
List of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) companies and their software products. ...
Architectural CAD packages include ArchiCAD. Civil Engineering CAD packages include AllyCAD. ArchiCAD is an architectural CAD-software for Macintosh and Windows developed by the Hungarian company Graphisoft. ...
MCAD packages can be classified into three types: 2D drafting systems (e.g. AutoCAD, VectorWorks,MicroStation); mid-range 3D solid feature modelers (e.g. Inventor, TopSolid, SolidWorks, SolidEdge, Alibre Design, VariCAD); and high-end[7] 3D hybrid systems (e.g., CATIA, NX, Pro/ENGINEER). AutoCAD is a suite of CAD software products for 2- and 3-dimensional design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. ...
VectorWorks is a computer-aided design (CAD) software program developed by Nemetschek North America (NNA) that is used for drafting, technical drawing and 3D modeling. ...
MicroStation is a suite of CAD software products for 2- and 3-dimensional design and drafting, developed and sold by Bentley Systems. ...
Autodesk Inventor is the 3D parametric solid modeling package produced by U.S.-based software company Autodesk. ...
TopSolid is a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software which is edited and developed by the company Missler Software. ...
SolidWorks is a 3D CAD (computer-aided design) program that runs on Microsoft Windows and was developed by SolidWorks Corporation - now a subsidiary of Dassault Systèmes, S. A.. SolidWorks was introduced in 1993 as a competitor to CAD programs such as Pro/ENGINEER, SDRC I-DEAS (now Unigraphics NX...
SolidEdge, made by Unigraphics Solutions (UGS), is a powerful 3D CAD software that allows manufacturing companies to Design with Insight and achieve competitive advantage through cost reduction, without losing focus on top line revenues. ...
Alibre Design screenshots Alibre Design is a parametric feature-based three-dimensional Solid modeling CAD software created by Alibre, Inc. ...
VariCAD is a computer program for 2D/3D CAD. The company is based in the Czech Republic and has been developing CAD systems since 1988. ...
CATIA (Computer Aided Three dimensional Interactive Application) is a multi-platform PLM/CAD/CAM/CAE commercial software suite developed by Dassault Systemes and marketed world-wide by IBM. It was used by Frank Gehry in his building of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. ...
UGS NX is the commercial CAD/CAM/CAE PLM software suite developed by Siemens UGS PLM Software. ...
Pro/ENGINEER (commonly referred to as Pro/E or ProE) is a 3D CAD parametric feature solid modeling software created by Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC). ...
However these classifications cannot be applied too strictly as many 2D systems have 3D modules, the mid-range systems are increasing their surface functionality, and the high-end systems have developed their user interface in the direction of interactive Windows systems.
Capabilities
 An example of a CAD engineering drawing.  Reuse of component from design library  Simulation of airflow over an engine The capabilities of modern CAD systems include: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2362x1670, 97 KB) de: Bildbeschreibung: Technische Zeichnung (Gruppenzeichnung mit Stückliste) eines Schneckengetriebes, anonymisiert. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2362x1670, 97 KB) de: Bildbeschreibung: Technische Zeichnung (Gruppenzeichnung mit Stückliste) eines Schneckengetriebes, anonymisiert. ...
- Wireframe geometry creation
- 3D parametric feature based modelling, Solid modelling
- Freeform surface modelling
- Automated design of assemblies, which are collections of parts and/or other assemblies
- create Engineering drawings from the solid models
- Reuse of design components
- Ease of modification of design of model and the production of multiple versions
- Automatic generation of standard components of the design
- Validation/verification of designs against specifications and design rules
- Simulation of designs without building a physical prototype
- Output of engineering documentation, such as manufacturing drawings, and Bills of Materials to reflect the BOM required to build the product
- Import/Export routines to exchange data with other software packages
- Output of design data directly to manufacturing facilities
- Output directly to a Rapid Prototyping or Rapid Manufacture Machine for industrial prototypes
- maintain libraries of parts and assemblies
- calculate mass properties of parts and assemblies
- aid visualization with shading, rotating, hidden line removal, etc...
- Bi-directional parametric association (modification of any feature is reflected in all information relying on that feature; drawings, mass properties, assemblies, etc... and counter wise)
- kinematics, interference and clearance checking of assemblies
- sheet metal
- hose/cable routing
- electrical component packaging
- inclusion of programming code in a model to control and relate desired attributes of the model
- Programmable design studies and optimization
- Sophisticated visual analysis routines, for draft, curvature, curvature continuity...
A wire frame model is a visual presentation of an electronic representation of a three dimensional or physical object used in 3D computer graphics. ...
Solid modelling (or modeling) is the unambiguous representation of the solid parts of an object, that is, models of solid objects suitable for computer processing. ...
Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system. ...
Assembly Modelling is technology and methods used by Computer-aided design and Product visualization computer software systems to handle multiple files that represent components within a product. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Technical drawing. ...
CAD data exchange involves a number of software technologies and methods to translate data from one Computer-aided design system to another CAD file format. ...
A rapid prototyping machine using Selective laser sintering. ...
Software technologies Originally software for CAD systems were developed with computer language such as Fortran, but with the advancement of object-oriented programming methods this has radically changed. Typical modern parametric feature based modeler and freeform surface systems are built around a number of key C programming language modules with their own APIs. A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction of a graphical user interface (GUI) with NURBS geometry and/or boundary representation (B-rep) data via a geometric modeling kernel. A geometry constraint engine may also be employed to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a sketch or components in an assembly. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ...
Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose[2], procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. ...
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects to design applications and computer programs. ...
A parametric feature based modeler is a CAD/Constructive Solid Geometry modeler that allows a user to refer to features instead of the underlying geometry. ...
Freeform surface, or Freeform Surfacing used in CAD and other computer graphics software are used to describe the skin of a 3D geometric element. ...
C is a general-purpose, block structured, procedural, imperative computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. ...
The software that provides the functionality described by an API is said to be an implementation of the API. The API itself is abstract, in that it specifies an interface and does not get involved with implementation details. ...
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special graphical elements called widgets, along with text labels or text navigation to represent the information and actions available to...
NURBS, short for nonuniform rational B-spline, is a computer graphics technique for drawing curves. ...
In computer-aided design, the term boundary representation — often abbreviated as B-REP or BREP, refers to storing information about how to make a model based on its geometric and often Euler topological boundaries. ...
A geometric modeling kernel is a 3D solid modeling software component used in computer-aided design packages. ...
Hardware and OS technologies Today most CAD computer workstations are Windows based PCs; some CAD systems also run on hardware running with one of the Unix operating systems and a few with Linux. Some CAD systems such as NX provide multiplatform support including Windows, LINUX, UNIX and Mac OSX. SGI O2 Workstation A computer workstation, often colloquially referred to as workstation, is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer designed to be used by one person at a time and which offers higher performance than normally found in a personal computer, especially with respect to graphics, processing power and the...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, the lead section of this article may need to be expanded. ...
A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals. ...
For other uses, see Hardware (disambiguation). ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ...
It has been suggested that Maintenance OS be merged into this article or section. ...
Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system. ...
UGS NX is the commercial CAD/CAM/CAE PLM software suite developed by Siemens UGS PLM Software. ...
Generally no special hardware is required with the exception of a high end OpenGL based Graphics card; however for complex product design, machines with high speed (and possibly multiple) CPUs and large amounts of RAM are recommended. The human-machine interface is generally via a computer mouse but can also be via a pen and digitizing graphics tablet. Manipulation of the view of the model on the screen is also sometimes done with the use of a spacemouse/SpaceBall. Some systems also support stereoscopic glasses for viewing the 3D model. OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard specification defining a cross-language cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 2D and 3D computer graphics. ...
A graphics/video/display card/board/adapter is a computer component designed to convert the logical representation of visual information into a signal that can be used as input for a display medium. ...
Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6. ...
Look up RAM, Ram, ram in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Operating a mechanical 1: Pulling the mouse turns the ball. ...
A Wacom Graphire2 graphics tablet. ...
SpaceBall is a 6 degrees of freedom input device developed by 3DConnexion. ...
Using CAD
 | This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.
Please help Wikipedia by adding references. See the talk page for details. | CAD is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. Each of the different types of CAD systems requires the operator to think differently about how he will use them and he must design their virtual components in a different manner for each. Image File history File links Circle-question. ...
There are many producers of the lower-end 2D systems, including a number of free and open source programs. These provide an approach to the drawing process without all the fuss over scale and placement on the drawing sheet that accompanied hand drafting, since these can be adjusted as required during the creation of the final draft.
3D wireframe is basically an extension of 2D drafting. Each line has to be manually inserted into the drawing. The final product has no mass properties associated with it and cannot have features directly added to it, such as holes. The operator approaches these in a similar fashion to the 2D systems, although many 3D systems allow using the wireframe model to make the final engineering drawing views.
3D "dumb" solids (programs incorporating this technology include AutoCAD and Cadkey 19) are created in a similar fashion to the way you would create the real world object. Each object and feature, after creation, is what it is. If the operator wants to change it, he must add "material" to it, subtract "material" from it, or delete the object or feature and start over. Due to this, it doesn't matter how the initial operator creates his components, as long as the final product is represented correctly. If future modifications are to be made, the method used to make the original part will not, in most cases, affect the procedure used to make the new modifications. Draft views can easily be generated from the models. Assemblies generally don't include tools to easily allow motion of components, set limits to their motion, or identify interference between components.
3D parametric solid modeling (programs incorporating this technology include Alibre Design, TopSolid, SolidWorks, and Solid Edge) require the operator to use what is referred to as "design intent". The objects and features created are adjustable. Any future modifications will be simple, difficult, or nearly impossible, depending on how the original part was created. One must think of this as being a "perfect world" representation of the component. If a feature was intended to be located from the center of the part, the operator needs to locate it from the center of the model, not, perhaps, from a more convenient edge or an arbitrary point, as he could when using "dumb" solids. Parametric solids require the operator to consider the consequences of his actions carefully. What may be simplest today could be worst case tomorrow. Solid modeling (or modelling) is the unambiguous representation of the solid parts of an object, that is, models of solid objects suitable for computer processing. ...
Alibre Design screenshots Alibre Design is a parametric feature-based three-dimensional Solid modeling CAD software created by Alibre, Inc. ...
TopSolid is a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software which is edited and developed by the company Missler Software. ...
SolidWorks is a 3D CAD (computer-aided design) program that runs on Microsoft Windows and was developed by SolidWorks Corporation - now a subsidiary of Dassault Systèmes, S. A.. SolidWorks was introduced in 1993 as a competitor to CAD programs such as Pro/ENGINEER, SDRC I-DEAS (now Unigraphics NX...
An example of an engineering drawing designed in Solid Edge Solid Edge is a 3D parametric feature based Computer-aided design (CAD) software system. ...
Some software packages provide the ability to edit parametric and non-parametric geometry without the need to understand or undo the design intent history of the geometry by use of direct modeling functionality.
Draft views are able to be generated easily from the models. Assemblies usually incorporate tools to represent the motions of components, set their limits, and identify interference. The tool kits available for these systems are ever increasing, including 3D piping and injection mold designing packages.
Mid range software was integrating parametric solids more easily to the end user: integrating more intuitive functions (SketchUp), going to the best of both worlds with 3D dumb solids with parametric characteristics (VectorWorks) or making very real-view scenes in relative few steps (Cinema4D).
Top end systems offer the capabilities to incorporate more organic, aesthetics and ergonomic features into designs. Freeform surface modelling is often combined with solids to allow the designer to create products that fit the human form and visual requirements as well as they interface with the machine. Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system. ...
The CAD operator's ultimate goal should be to make future work on the current project as simple as possible. This requires a solid understanding of the system being used. A little extra time spent now could mean a great savings later.
Starting in the late 1980s, the development of readily affordable CAD programs that could be run on personal computers began a trend of massive downsizing in drafting departments in many small to mid-size companies. As a general rule, one CAD operator could readily replace at least three or five drafters using traditional methods. Additionally, many engineers began to do their own drafting work, further eliminating the need for traditional drafting departments. This trend mirrored that of the elimination of many office jobs traditionally performed by a secretary as word processors, spreadsheets, databases, etc. became standard software packages that "everyone" was expected to learn. A secretary is either an administrative assistant in business office administration, or a certain type of mid- or high-level governmental position, such as a Secretary of State. ...
A word processor (also more formally known as a document preparation system) is a computer application used for the production (including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) of any sort of viewable or printed material. ...
A spreadsheet is a rectangular table (or grid) of information, often financial information. ...
A database is an information set with a regular structure. ...
Another consequence had been that since the latest advances were often quite expensive, small and even mid-size firms often could not compete against large firms who could use their computational edge for competitive purposes. Today, however, hardware and software costs have come down. Even high-end packages work on less expensive platforms and some even support multiple platforms. The costs associated with CAD implementation now are more heavily weighted to the costs of training in the use of these high level tools, the cost of integrating a CAD/CAM/CAE PLM using enterprise across multi-CAD and multi-platform environments and the costs of modifying design workflows to exploit the full advantage of CAD tools. CAD vendors have been effective in providing tools to lower these costs.
The adoption of CAD studio or "paper-less studio," as it is sometimes called, in architectural schools was not without resistance, however. Teachers were worried that sketching on a computer screen did not replicate the skills associated with age-old practice of sketching in a sketchbook. Furthermore, many teachers were worried that students would be hired for their computer skills rather than their design skill, as was indeed common in the 1990s. Today, however, (for better or worse, depending on the authority cited) education in CAD is now accepted across the board in schools of architecture. It should be noted, however, that not all architects have wanted to join the CAD revolution.
See also CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) process, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as: Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. ...
Computer-aided Engineering analysis (often referred to as CAE) is the application of computer software in engineering to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. ...
Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis. ...
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of a wide range of Product Lifecycle Management computer-based software tools that assist engineers, Tool and die makers and CNC machinists, in the manufacture or prototyping of product components. ...
A CNC Turning Center A CNC Milling Machine The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Product Data Management (PDM) is a category of computer software used to control data related to products. ...
Other related topics Modern blueprint of the French galleon La Belle. ...
The Building Information Model (BIM) is a new tool used by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. ...
Raster to vector software and hardware technology for converting raster graphics to vector graphics are used in a number of fields, most notable in conjunction with CAD and GIS systems. ...
Computer-Aided Algorithmic Composition (CAAC, pronounced sea-ack) is the implementation and use of algorithmic composition techniques in software. ...
For the journal by ACM SIGGRAPH, see Computer Graphics (Publication). ...
An open surface with u- and v-flow lines and Z-contours shown. ...
List of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) companies and their software products. ...
CAD Standards have been created to improve productivity and interchange of Computer-aided design documents between different offices and CAD programs, especially in architecture and engineering. ...
From-------http://en. ...
Unified Classification for the Construction Industry (UniClass), published in 1997 in UK by National Building Specification (NBS). ...
In business and engineering, new product development is the complete process of bringing a new product to market. ...
References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as dmoz (from , its original domain name), is a multilingual open content directory of World Wide Web links owned by Netscape that is constructed and maintained by a community of volunteer editors. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
| | CNC, CAD, and CAM: | 2.5D | CAD | CAE | CAM | CNC | G-code | Numerical control | Stewart platform Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
Computer-aided Engineering analysis (often referred to as CAE) is the application of computer software in engineering to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. ...
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of a wide range of Product Lifecycle Management computer-based software tools that assist engineers, Tool and die makers and CNC machinists, in the manufacture or prototyping of product components. ...
A CNC Turning Center A CNC Milling Machine The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. ...
G Code is a scheme to assist in the recording of television programs on video recorders. ...
Numerical control or numerically controlled (NC) machine tools are machines that are automatically operated by commands that are received by their processing units. ...
An example of Stewart platform Two hexapod positioners. ...
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| | Metalworking topics: Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
| Casting | CNC | Cutting tools | Drilling and threading | Fabrication | Finishing | Grinding | Jewellery | Lathe (tool) | Machining | Machine tooling | Measuring | Metalworking | Hand tools | Metallurgy | Milling | Occupations | Press tools | Smithing | Terminology | Welding Casting may be used to create artistic sculptures Casting is a manufacturing process by which a molten material such as metal or plastic is introduced into a mold, allowed to solidify within the mold, and then ejected or broken out to make a fabricated part. ...
A CNC Turning Center A CNC Milling Machine The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives the machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components by the selective removal of metal. ...
a Cutting Tool, in the context of Metalworking is any tool that is used to remove metal from the workpiece by means of shear deformation. ...
Drilling is the process of using a drill bit in a drill to produce holes. ...
A typical steel fabrication shop Fabrication, when used chas an industrial term, applies to the building of machines and structures by cutting, shaping and assembling components made from raw materials. ...
Metalworking finishing is the activity of making things out of metal in a skillful manner. ...
Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder. ...
Amber jewellery in the form of pendants Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal ornament, such as a necklace, ring, or bracelet, made from jewels, precious metals or other substance. ...
Conventional metalworking lathe In woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking, a lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material so that when abrasive, cutting, or deformation tools are applied to the block, it can be shaped to produce an object which has rotational symmetry about an axis...
A lathe is a common tool used in machining. ...
A machine tool is a powered mechanical device, typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by the selective removal of metal. ...
The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Turned chess pieces Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals to create structures or machine parts. ...
Metalworking hand tools are hand tools that are used in the metalworking field. ...
A Blacksmith, the father of the modern metallurgist. ...
Endmills for a milling machine. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Smith (metalwork). ...
Power press with a fixed barrier guard A press, or a machine press is a tool used to work metal (typically steel) by changing its shape and internal structure. ...
A smith, or metalsmith, is a person involved in the shaping of metal objects. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...
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