45 Eugenia (IPA: [juˈdʒiniə]) is a large Main belt asteroid. It is famed as one of the first asteroids to be found to have a moon orbiting it. It is also the second known triple asteroid, after 87 Sylvia. Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (June 17, 1802 – April 26, 1866) was a German astronomer and painter who spent much of his life in France. ... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Two bodies with a slight difference in mass orbiting around a common barycenter. ... In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time for which celestial coordinates or orbital elements are specified. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Julian day or Julian day number (JDN) is the integer number of days that have elapsed since the initial epoch defined as noon Universal Time (UT) Monday, January 1, 4713 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar [1]. That noon-to-noon day is counted as Julian day 0. ... A diagram of Keplerian orbital elements. ... A diagram of Keplerian orbital elements. ... The semi-major axis of an ellipse In geometry, the term semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) is used to describe the dimensions of ellipses and hyperbolae. ... Look up giga- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The metre or meter is a measure of length. ... The astronomical unit (AU or au or a. ... (This page refers to eccitricity in astrodynamics. ... The orbital period is the time it takes a planet (or another object) to make one full orbit. ... Look up day in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In astronomy, a Julian year is a unit of time defined as exactly 365. ... The orbital speed of a body, generally a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body. ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly is a measure of time, specific to the orbiting body p, which is a multiple of 2π radians at and only at periapsis. ... Inclination in general is the angle between a reference plane and another plane or axis of direction. ... A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually symbolized °, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1／360 of a full rotation. ... The Longitude of the ascending node (☊, also noted Ω) is one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. ... The argument of periapsis (ω) is the orbital element describing the angle between an orbiting bodys ascending node (the point where the body crosses the plane of reference from South to North) and its periapsis (the point of closest approach to the central body), measured in the orbital plane and... A natural satellite is an object that orbits a planet or other body larger than itself and which is not man-made. ... Petit-Prince orbiting Eugenia (45) Eugenia I Petit-Prince is an asteroid moon that orbits the larger asteroid 45 Eugenia. ... For the majority of numbered asteroids, almost nothing is known apart from a few physical parameters. ... Unsolved problems in physics: What causes anything to have mass? The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. Mass is the property of a physical object that quantifies the amount of matter and energy it is equivalent to. ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... BIC pen cap, about 1 gram. ... A cubic centimetre (cm3) is an SI derived unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with side length of 1 centi metre. ... For the majority of numbered asteroids, almost nothing is known apart from a few physical parameters. ... Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on mission STS-71. ... On a prograde planet like the Earth, the sidereal day is shorter than the solar day. ... The hour (symbol: h) is a unit of time. ... In astronomy, Axial tilt is the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to a perpendicular to its orbital plane. ... Ecliptic latitude is one of the co-ordinates which can be used to define the location of an astronomical object on the celestial sphere in ecliptic coordinates. ... Ecliptic longitude (celestial longitude) is one of the co-ordinates which can be used to define the location of an astronomical object on the celestial sphere in ecliptic coordinates. ... The geometric albedo of an astronomical body is the ratio of its total brightness at zero phase angle to that of an idealised fully reflecting, diffusively scattering (Lambertian) disk with the same cross-section. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Asteroids are assigned a type based on spectral shape, color, and sometimes albedo. ... F-type asteroid is a subdivision of C-type asteroids distinguished spectrally by differences in the ultraviolet absorption and the lack of a water absorption feature at 3 micrometres. ... In astronomy, absolute magnitude is the apparent magnitude, m, an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance away from us, in the absence of interstellar extinction. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... For details on the physical properties of bodies in the asteroid belt see Asteroid and Main-belt comet. ... 253 Mathilde, a C-type asteroid. ... 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl An asteroid moon is an asteroid that orbits another asteroid. ... 87 Sylvia (sil-vee-a) is one of the largest main belt asteroids. ...

CFHT image of Eugenia and Petit-Prince; the 'flare' around them is an imaging artifact

Asteroid Eugenia and its moon, Petit-Prince, imaged by the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope. ... Asteroid Eugenia and its moon, Petit-Prince, imaged by the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope. ... Categories: Telescopes | Hawaii landmarks | Astronomy stubs ...

Discovery

Eugenia was discovered in 1857 by Hermann Goldschmidt. It was named after Empress Eugenia di Montijo, the wife of Napoleon III, and was the first asteroid to be named after a real person, rather than a figure from classical legend (although there had been controversy about whether 12 Victoria was really named for the mythological figure or for Queen Victoria). Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (June 17, 1802 – April 26, 1866) was a German astronomer and painter who spent much of his life in France. ... Maria Eugenia Ignacia Augustina Palafox de Guzmán Portocarrero y Kirkpatrick, 9th Countess de Teba, popularly known as Eugénie de Montijo (May 5, 1826 – July 11, 1920) was Empress Consort of France (1853-1871), the wife of Napoléon III. The last Empress of France was born in Granada... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the French puppet state, the Kingdom of Holland. ... 12 Victoria is a large Main belt asteroid. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ...

Physical characteristics

Eugenia is a large asteroid, with a diameter of 214 km. It is an F-type asteroid, which means that it is very dark in colouring (darker than soot) with a carbonaceous composition. Like Mathilde, its density appears to be unusually low, indicating that it may be a loosely-packed rubble pile, not a monolithic object. DIAMETER is an AAA protocol (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) succeeding its predecessor RADIUS. // The name is a pun on the RADIUS protocol, which is the predecessor (a diameter is twice the radius). ... F-type asteroid is a subdivision of C-type asteroids distinguished spectrally by differences in the ultraviolet absorption and the lack of a water absorption feature at 3 micrometres. ... Soot, also called lampblack, Pigment Black 7, carbon black or black carbon, is a dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, usually composed mainly of amorphous carbon, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke—especially from the combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in the... In organic chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid. ... 253 Mathilde is a Main belt asteroid that was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft on its way to asteroid 433 Eros. ...

Lightcurve analysis indicates that Eugenia's pole most likely points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-30°, 124°) with a 10° uncertainty ^[4], which gives it an axial tilt of 117°. Eugenia's rotation is then retrograde. The ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the ecliptic for its fundamental plane. ... In astronomy, Axial tilt is the inclination angle of a planets rotational axis in relation to a perpendicular to its orbital plane. ...

Satellite system

Petit-Prince

In November 1998, astronomers at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, discovered a small moon orbiting Eugenia. This was the first time an asteroidal moon had been discovered by a ground-based telescope. Eugenia's moon has been named (45) Eugenia I Petit-Prince, after Empress Eugenia's son, the Prince Imperial. The moon is much smaller than Eugenia, about 13 km in diameter, and takes five days to complete an orbit around it. Petit-Prince orbiting Eugenia (45) Eugenia I Petit-Prince is an asteroid moon that orbits the larger asteroid 45 Eugenia. ... CFHT image of Eugenia and Petit-Prince CFHT in the morning. ... Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanic peaks that together form the island of Hawaii. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... A natural satellite is an object that orbits a planet or other body larger than itself and which is not man-made. ... 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl An asteroid moon is an asteroid that orbits another asteroid. ... Petit-Prince orbiting Eugenia Petit-Prince is an asteroid moon that orbits the larger asteroid 45 Eugenia. ... Napoleon Eugene Louis John Joseph, (March 16, 1856 - June 1, 1879), Prince Imperial, was the only child of Emperor Napoleon III of France and his wife the Empress Eugénie. ... DIAMETER is an AAA protocol (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) succeeding its predecessor RADIUS. // The name is a pun on the RADIUS protocol, which is the predecessor (a diameter is twice the radius). ...

S/2004 (45) 1

A second, smaller (estimated diameter of 6 km) satellite has since been discovered and provisionally named S/2004 (45) 1^[11]. It orbits closer to Eugenia than Petit-Prince. It was discovered by analyzing three images acquired in February 2004 from the 8.2 m VLT "Yepun" at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Cerro Paranal, in Chile ^[12]. The discovery was announced in IAUC 8817, on 7 March 2007. One of the four telescopes that make up the VLT, named Kueyen. ... The European Southern Observatory (ESO) is an international astronomical organisation, composed and supported by ten countries from the European Union plus Switzerland. ... Cerro Paranal, a 2,635 m high mountain in the Atacama desert in northern Chile, famous for hosting the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

See also

Dactyl and Ida - Another asteroid and asteroid moon system catalogued by astronomers 243 Ida (left) and Dacytl (right), as photographed by Galileo. ... NASA image of 243 Ida. ... 253 Mathilde, a C-type asteroid. ... 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl An asteroid moon is an asteroid that orbits another asteroid. ...

External links

• Johnston Archive data
• Astronomical Picture of Day 14 October 1999
• SwRI Press Release
• Orbit of Petit-Prince, companion of Eugenia
• IAUC 8177
• Shape model derived from lightcurve (on page 17)

is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...

References

1. ^ Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets, Minor Planet Centre
2. ^ ASTORB orbital elements database, Lowell Observatory
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey
4. ^ ^{a b c} M. Kaasalainen et al (2002). "Models of Twenty Asteroids from Photometric Data". Icarus 159: 369. 
5. ^ synthesis of several observations, F. Marchis.
6. ^ ^{a b} F. Marchis et al (2004). "Fine Analysis of 121 Hermione, 45 Eugenia, and 90 Antiope Binary Asteroid Systems With AO Observations". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 36: 1180. 
7. ^ Uncertainty calculated from uncertainties in the orbit of Petit-Prince.
8. ^ ^{a b} On the extremities of the long axis.
9. ^ PDS lightcurve data
10. ^ PDS node taxonomy database
11. ^ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IAUC.8817....1M IAUC 8817
12. ^ IMCCÉ Breaking News