NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 4oD

Channel 4 is a public-service British television station, broadcast to all areas of the United Kingdom, which began transmissions in 1982. Though entirely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned: Originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by the Channel Four Television Corporation, a public body established in 1990 for this purpose and which came into operation in 1993, following the abolition of the IBA. Channel 4 can refer to: Channel 4, a British television broadcaster, MBC 4 Channel 4 (Iran), Channel Four Finland a Finnish broadcaster, Canal Cuatro (Spanish for Channel Four), a Peruvian television station, Cuatro TV, a Spanish television network launched in November 2005, S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru - Channel Four Wales), a... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (845x1131, 59 KB)[edit] Summary Channel 4 Logo form 2005-present. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Television encoding systems by nation PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in large parts of the world. ... 576i is the shorthand name for a video mode. ... ... S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru, which is Welsh for Channel Four Wales) is a television channel in Wales. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... As of 2005, analogue transmissions are still the most used method of receiving television in the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the country. ... Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology to provide a greater number of channels, and digital quality of sound and picture, through a conventional aerial instead of a satellite dish or cable connection. ... Sky Digital is the brand name for British Sky Broadcastings digital satellite television service, transmitted from SES Astra satellites located at 28. ... Anthem: (Irish) The Soldiers Song Republic of Ireland() â€“ on the European continent() â€“ in the European Union() [] Capital (and largest city) Dublin Official languages Irish, English Government Republic - President Mary McAleese - Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, TD Independence from the United Kingdom - Declared 24 April 1916 - Recognised 6 December 1922 - Current constitution... NTL and Virgin. ... NTL Communications (Ireland) Limited is a cable television and MMDS company in the Republic of Ireland. ... Chorus Communications is a communications provider in Ireland, it offers internet, television and telephone services. ... In the United Kingdom the term public service broadcasting (PSB) refers to broadcasting intended for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial concerns. ... British television broadcasting has a range of different broadcasters, broadcasting multiple channels over a variety of distribution media. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television (ITV and Channel 4 - cable and satellite television were the responsibility of the Cable Authority) and radio broadcasts. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...

The station was established to provide a fourth television service to the UK that would break the duopoly of the BBC's two established television services and the single commercial broadcasting network, ITV, then the only services broadcast there. Though having seen new competition through the subsequent availability and growth of cable, satellite and digital terrestrial stations, Channel 4 still enjoys almost universal coverage, and a significant audience share. The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... It has been suggested that Channel 3 (UK) be merged into this article or section. ...

Channel 4 was established with, and continues to hold, a remit of public service obligations which it must fulfil. The remit changes periodically, as dictated by various broadcasting and communications acts, and is regulated by the various authorities Channel 4 has been answerable to; originally the IBA, then the ITC and now Ofcom. ITC may stand for: Illinois Terminal Railroad (AAR reporting mark ITC) Incorporated Television Company, known best perhaps for producing The Muppet Show and a number of Sylvia and Gerry Anderson live and Supermarionation TV shows Independent Television Commission Institute of Technology Institute of Technology of Cambodia [1] Institute of Technology... Ofcom is a regulator for communication industries in the United Kingdom. ...

The preamble of the remit as per the Communications Act 2003 states that: See also the Communications Act 2003 (Nigeria). ...

The remit also involves an obligations to provide Schools Programming,^[4] and a substantial amount of programming produced outside of Greater London,^[5] Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. ...

Initially Channel 4 was not intentionally broadcast to Wales. Prior to its establishment, a significant demand for a dedicated Welsh language service for Wales lead to the creation of S4C, that is Sianel Pedwar Cymru or Channel 4 Wales, which carried Welsh spoken programmes as well as some programmes as also broadcast on Channel 4.^[6] Limited frequency space meant that Channel 4 proper could not be broadcast alongside S4C, though carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial television means that the station is now available to over 70% of Welsh viewers.^[7] Consequently S4C does not carry Channel 4 programming on the digital variant of its channel.^[8] This article is about the country. ... S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru, which is Welsh for Channel Four Wales) is a television channel in Wales. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ... Artists impression of a Boeing 601 satellite, as configured for digital television transmission by SES Astra Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ... Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology to provide a greater number of channels, and digital quality of sound and picture, through a conventional aerial instead of a satellite dish or cable connection. ...

Channel Four Television Corporation

As an organisation, Channel 4 is known as the Channel Four Television Corporation, though this form is more recent than the station itself, having previously been the Channel Four Television Company, a subsidiary of the IBA, between 1982 and 1993.^[9]^[10] IBA or Iba may mean: Important Bird Area or IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority Indole-3-butyric acid - auxin, a plant Rooting hormone InfiniBand Architecture Institute of Business Administration Interceptor Body Armor International Bank of Asia International Bodyboarding Association International Boxing Association International Bryozoology Association International Business Alliance Ion beam analysis...

Towards the end of the 1980s, the government began a radical process of re-organisation of the commercial broadcasting industry,^[11] which was written onto the statute books by means of the Broadcasting Act 1990.^[12] Significantly, this meant the abolition of the IBA, and hence the Channel Four Broadcasting Company. The result lead to the creation of a corporation to own and operate the channel, which would have a greater deal of autonomy and would eventually go on establish its other operations. The new corporation, which became operational in 1993, remained publicly owned and was regulated by the new Independent Television Commission (ITC), created under the same act. The ITC and its duties were later replaced by Ofcom, which like its predecessor is responsible for appointing the Corporation's board, in agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport.^[2] The Broadcasting Act 1990 is a law of the British parliament, often regarded by both its supporters and its critics as a quintessential example of Thatcherism. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... The ITC has been superseded as the British commercial television regulator by Ofcom (the Office of Communications). ... Ofcom is a regulator for communication industries in the United Kingdom. ... The Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport is a UK cabinet position with responsibility for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. ...

In terms of the station's remit and other duties, the creation of the corporation meant little change, however the new corporation would have to manage its own advertising, rather than this being carried out on its behalf by the local ITV contractors (see Funding).

History

Conception

Before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services: BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, and Channel 4, along with its Welsh counterpart, was formally created by an Act of Parliament in 1982. After some weeks of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. BBC One (or BBC1 as it was formerly styled) is the oldest United Kingdom, and indeed, the world. ... BBC Two (or BBC2 as it was formerly styled) was the second UK television station to be aired by the BBC. History The channel was scheduled to begin at 7:20pm on April 20, 1964 and show an evening of light entertainment, starting with the comedy show The Alberts and... It has been suggested that Channel 3 (UK) be merged into this article or section. ... The Broadcasting Act 1980 (1980 c. ... In Westminster System parliaments, an Act of Parliament is a part of the law passed by the Parliament. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The notion of a second commercial broadcaster in the UK had been around since the inception of ITV in 1954 and its subsequent launch in 1955; the idea of an 'ITV2' was long expected and pushed for. Indeed television sets sold throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called 'ITV/IBA 2'. Throughout ITV's History and until Channel 4 finally became a reality, a perennial dialogue existed between the GPO, the government, the ITV companies and other interested parties, concerning the form such an expansion of commercial broadcasting would take. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the second commercial channel became a reality.^[10] With what can crudely be summed up as a clash of ideologies between an expansion of ITV's commercial ethos and a public service approach more akin to the BBC, it was ultimately somewhat of a compromise that eventually led to the formation of Channel 4 as launched in 1982. It has been suggested that Channel 3 (UK) be merged into this article or section. ... ITV2 is a free-to-air entertainment television channel in the United Kingdom owned by ITV plc. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The British General Post Office (GPO) was officially established in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of both the state postal system and telecommunications carrier. ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... Commercial broadcasting - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Public broadcasting (also known as public service broadcasting or PSB) is the dominant form of broadcasting around the world, where radio, television, and potentially other electronic media outlets receive funding from the public. ...

One clear benefit of the 'late arrival' of the channel was that its frequency allocations at each transmitter had already been arranged in the early 1960s, when the launch of ITV2 was highly anticipated.^[10] This led to very good coverage across most of the country and few problems of interference with other UK based transmissions; a stark contrast to the problems associated with Channel 5's launch a decade and a half later. Five (often referred as five, as per the logo), formerly, and more commonly known as Channel 5, is the British fifth and final national analogue terrestrial TV channel. ...

IBA Control: 1982–1993

The first voice ever heard on Channel 4 was that of continuity announcer Paul Coia, who intoned, "Good afternoon. It's a pleasure to be able to say to you: Welcome to Channel Four", before heading into a montage of clips from its programmes set to the station's Lord David Dundas-penned signature tune, Fourscore, which would form the basis of the station's jingles for its first decade. The first programme to air on the channel was the teatime game show Countdown, produced by Yorkshire Television; it is still running as of 2007 and is contracted until 2009. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Paul Coia is a British television presenter and continuity announcer, perhaps best known for presenting the BBC2 word puzzle gameshow Catchword. ... Lord David Paul Nicholas Dundas (born 2 June 1945 in Oxford, England) is a musician known for his film and television scoring, having previously had limited chart success in the rock genre. ... Fourscore was the signature tune used by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom for 13 years, from 1982 to 1995. ... This article is about the television genre. ... Richard Twice Nightly Whiteley Countdown is a British game show presented by Des OConnor and Carol Vorderman. ... Yorkshire Television is the ITV contractor for Yorkshire, England, and the surrounding areas. ...

Upon its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, an agenda in part set out by its remit which required the provision of programming to minority groups. Its new style of programming often drew critical attention, with some, such as the self-styled public-decency campaigner Mary Whitehouse, claiming the station had overstepped the boundaries of acceptability^{[citation needed]} whilst others argued that the new style of broadcasting had led to a liberalisation of the UK television industry.^{[citation needed]} This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Programming such as the Red Triangle series, The Tube, and Network 7 often straddled the boundary between being pioneering and being tasteless.^{[citation needed]} The red triangle screen that preceded broadcasts, warning viewers that special discretion was required. ... Screenshot of The Tubes neon sign trademark The Tube was an innovative United Kingdom pop/rock music television programme, which ran for 5 series, from 1982 until 1987. ... Network 7 was a shortlived but influential BAFTA winning youth music and arts programme screened on Channel 4 over two seasons in 1987 and 1988. ...

In step with its remit, the channel became well received both by minority groups and the arts and cultural worlds during this period, especially under Isaacs, where the channel gained a reputation for programmes on the contemporary arts. The channel often failed to receive mass audiences for much of this period, however, as might be expected for a station aiming at often very small groups of interest. Image File history File links The Channel 4 logo used from 2 November 1982 to 10 October 1996. ... Image File history File links The Channel 4 logo used from 2 November 1982 to 10 October 1996. ...

Independence: 1993–Today

After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993 (see above) a shift in broadcasting style took place. Instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself^{[citation needed]}. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time, far more than it had previously done. It premiered such shows as Friends and ER. Image File history File links The Channel 4 logo used from 11 October 1996 to 1 March 1999. ... Image File history File links The Channel 4 logo used from 11 October 1996 to 1 March 1999. ... Friends is a situation comedy about a group of six friends living in New York City. ... ER is a long-running American serial medical drama created by novelist Michael Crichton and set primarily in the emergency room of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. ...

Latterly, it began broadcasting various reality formats (including Big Brother) and obtained the right broadcast certain popular sporting events such as cricket and horse racing (the contract to broadcast Test Match Cricket ceased with the end of the Summer 2005 Ashes series). This new direction increased ratings and revenues. Big Brother is a reality television series broadcast on Channel 4, and S4C in Wales, in which a number of contestants live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize... For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ... Horse-racing is an equestrian sporting activity which has been practiced over the centuries; the chariot races of Roman times were an early example, as was the contest of the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. ... The Ashes is a Test cricket series, played between England(the mighty mighty england, barmy army barmy army) and Australia - it is international crickets oldest and most celebrated rivalry dating back to 1882. ...

Partially in reaction to its new 'populist' direction, the Communications Act 2003 directed the channel to demonstrate innovation, experimentation and creativity, appeal to the tastes and interests of a culturally diverse society and to include programmes of an educational nature which exhibit a distinctive character.^[2] See also the Communications Act 2003 (Nigeria). ...

Under the leadership of Freeview founder Andy Duncan, 2005 saw a change of direction for Channel 4's digital channels. Channel 4 made E4 'free to air' on Digital Terrestrial, and launched a new 'free to air' digital channel called More4. By October Channel 4 had joined the Freeview consortium.^[13] By July 2006, Film4 had also become a 'free to air' and re-started broadcasting on Digital Terrestrial.^[14] This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Freeviews retro logo Freeview is a brand name, owned by DTV Services Ltd. ... Andy Duncan (born July 31, 1962) is the chief executive of Channel 4 television in the United Kingdom. ... More4 is a digital television channel produced by United Kingdom broadcaster Channel 4 that launched on October 10th 2005. ... Film4 is a free British digital television channel, owned and operated by Channel 4, which screens high-quality films. ...

Venturing into radio broadcasting, 2005 saw Channel 4 purchase a 51 per cent of shares in the [Oneword] radio station with UBC Media holding onto the remaining shares. New programmes such as the weekly, half hour The Morning Report news programme are among some of the new content Channel 4 has provided for the station, with the name the name 4Radio being used.

The future

Channel 4 has in recent years raised concerns over how it might finance its public service obligations after digital switch-over. Channel 4 has projected it will have a £100m funding gap.^{[citation needed]} It has stated that it will need further help, possibly in the form of a slice of the licence fee in order to meet these commitments.^{[citation needed]} On 25 April 2006 it was announced that Channel 4's digital switch-over costs would be paid for by licence fee revenues.^[15] April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (116th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

As a possible insight into its future broadcasting methods, Channel 4 has been a trial broadcaster for the FreeviewHD HDTV trial in London using MPEG-4 compression. Programmes such as Lost and Desperate Housewives were used for the experiment, as US broadcasters such as ABC already have an HDTV back catalogue. For years many countries have shown limited interest in HDTV for terrestrial broadcasts. ... High-definition television (HDTV) means broadcast of television signals with a higher resolution than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM, PAL) allow. ... MPEG-4 is a standard used primarily to compress audio and visual (AV) digital data. ... Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning serial drama television series that follows the lives of a group of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, somewhere in the South Pacific. ... Desperate Housewives is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American television series of the dramedy genre, created by Marc Cherry, that began airing on October 3, 2004 on ABC. It is the most popular show in its demographic worldwide, with a worldwide audience of approximately 119 million viewers. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ...

It has also been rumoured that Channel 4 have ambitions to launch further Channels at some point in the future^{[citation needed]}. In September 2004, Channel 4 spent £55m reserving space for up to 14 channels on SES Astra's Astra 2D satellite.^{[citation needed]} However, some of this capacity may be used by Channel 4's existing channels when more expensive encryption contracts with BSkyB expire in 2008.^{[citation needed]} SES Astra SA, a subsidiary of SES Global, is a Luxembourg-based (in Betzdorf) corporation which owns and operates the Astra series of geostationary satellites, which transmit approximately 1100 analogue and digital television and radio channels via 176 transponders to 91 million households across Europe. ... Astra 2D is one of a group of satellites operated by SES Astra, located at 28. ... British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB - formerly two companies, Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, which merged) is a company that operates the most popular subscription television service in the Ireland. ...

Furthermore, the announcement by media regulator Ofcom, that it was looking into creating a new public-service broadcasting licence^{[citation needed]} may be good news for Channel 4. It has been widely suggested in the media^{[citation needed]} that Channel 4 would be the most likely candidate to run the new three hours per day channel dedicated to factual and current affairs programming.^{[citation needed]} Ofcom has suggested that, if the channel is approved, it could be funded from general taxation or by "top-slicing" of the licence fee.^[16] Ofcom is a regulator for communication industries in the United Kingdom. ...

Carriage

Channel 4 was carried from its beginning on analogue terrestrial (except in Wales), which was practically the only means of television broadcast in the UK at the time. It will continue to be broadcast through these means until the UK's analogue television services are closed down over the course of the next decade. Since 1998, it has been universally available on digital terrestrial, and the Sky Digital platform (encrypted, though free of charge) as well as having been available from various times in various areas, on analogue and digital cable networks. Sky Digital is the brand name for British Sky Broadcastings digital satellite television service, transmitted from SES Astra satellites located at 28. ...

Due to its special status as a public service broadcaster with a specific remit, it is afforded free carriage on the terrestrial platforms,^[17] in contrast with other broadcasters such as ITV.^[18]

Channel 4 is also available overseas: Some viewers in the Republic of Ireland and parts of the European mainland, have been able to receive terrestrial transmissions from Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and some overseas cable networks, especially in the RoI, have carried the service. From 4 December 2006 Channel 4 was officially available to Sky viewers in the Republic of Ireland; some programmes, mainly imports, are not aired on this channel variant, due to Channel 4 not owning the relevant broadcast rights within the country. December 4th redirects here. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

From June 2006, Channel 4 allowed Internet users in the United Kingdom to watch Channel 4 live on the Internet. However, for legal reasons all adverts have been removed and some programmes (mostly international imports) are not shown. Channel 4 is also provided by Virgin Mobile's DAB mobile TV service which has the same restrictions as the internet live stream. Virgin Mobile Ltd is a mobile phone service provider operating in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, South Africa, the United States and France. ... Official DAB logo, found on compliant devices Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), also known as Eureka 147, is a technology for broadcasting of audio using digital radio transmission. ...

Channel 4 also makes some of its programming available 'on demand' via cable and the internet (see 4oD).

Funding

Channel 4 has never received any public funding. During the station's formative years, funding came from the ITV companies in return for their right to sell advertisements in their region on the fourth channel.

Nowadays it pays for itself in much the same way as most privately run commercial stations, i.e. through the sale of on-air advertising, programme sponsorship, and the sale of any programme content and merchandising rights it owns, such as overseas sales and video sales. It also has the ability to subsidise the main network through any profits made on the corporation's other endeavours, which have in the past included subscription fees from stations such as E4 and Film4 (now no longer subscription services) and its 'video-on-demand' sales. In practice, however, these other activities are loss-making, and are subsidised by the main network. According to Channel 4's last published accounts, for 2005, the extent of this cross-subsidy was some £30 million. [2] E4 is a British digital television channel launched as a pay-tv companion to Channel 4 on 18 January 2001. ... Film4 is a free British digital television channel, owned and operated by Channel 4, which screens high-quality films. ...

The change in funding method came about by the Broadcasting Act 1990 when the new corporation was afforded the ability to fund itself. Originally this arrangement left a 'safety net' guaranteed minimum income should the revenue fall too low, funded by large insurance payments made to the ITV companies. Such a subsidy was never required, however, and these premiums were phased out by government in 1998. After the link with ITV was cut, the cross-promotion which had existed between ITV and Channel 4 also ended. The Broadcasting Act 1990 is a law of the British parliament, often regarded by both its supporters and its critics as a quintessential example of Thatcherism. ...

Programming

Channel 4 was one of the first "publisher-broadcaster" stations in the world. All of its programming is produced by other companies; it exists only to fund, broadcast and distribute its programmes — a stipulation which is included in its licence to broadcast.^[4] It was also one of the first broadcasters to put its name on the introduction or end credits of programmes that it did not produce, a practice that is now widespread. More significantly, it also began a trend of owning the copyright and distribution rights of the programmes it aired, in a manner that is similar to the major Hollywood studios' ownership of television programs that they did not directly produce. Thus, although Channel 4 does not produce programmes, many are seen as belonging to it. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... FourDocs is an online documentary site provided by Channel 4 which is based in London. ... ...

Channel 4 also pioneered the concept of stranded programming, where seasons of programmes following a common theme would be aired and promoted together; the 4 Mation season, for example, showed innovative animation.

Factual

Channel 4 also has a strong reputation for history programmes and real-life documentaries. It has also courted controversy, for example by broadcasting live the first public autopsy to be carried out in the UK for 170 years, carried out by Gunther von Hagens in 2002, or the 2003 one-off stunt Derren Brown Plays Russian Roulette Live. Post-mortem, postmortem and post mortem redirect here. ... Gunther von Hagens circa 2000 Gunther von Hagens (born Gunther Liebchen on January 10, 1945) is a German anatomist who invented the plastination technique to conserve specimen and is heavily involved in its promotion. ... Derren Brown (born February 27, 1971) is an English psychological illusionist and skeptic of paranormal phenomena. ...

Its critically acclaimed news service, Channel 4 News, is supplied by ITN whilst its long-standing investigative documentary, Dispatches, causes perennial media attention. Channel 4 News is the title of different television news programs in different countries. ... Corporate logo of Independent Television News Ltd Independent Television News (ITN) is the main supplier of news broadcasts to two British broadcasting networks: ITV and Channel 4. ... Dispatches is a British television documentary series on Channel 4. ...

When the television chef Jamie Oliver could not reach a deal with the BBC after his contract with them expired in December, 2002, Channel 4 took him up. Since this happened, Jamie Oliver has created a number of documentaries such as Jamie's Kitchen, Jamie's School Dinners, which was broadcast to coincide with his campaign to improve the quality of school dinners, and Jamie's Great Escape. James Trevor Oliver MBE (May 27, 1975), better known as Jamie Oliver and The Naked Chef, is a British celebrity chef. ... Jamies Kitchen was a documentary series, in 2002, made by Optomen for Channel 4 in the UK. It followed chef Jamie Oliver as he attempted to train a group of young would-be chefs, who would - if they completed the course - be offered jobs at Olivers new restaurant... Jamie Oliver on Jamies School Dinners Jamies School Dinners was a four-episode documentary series broadcast on Channel 4 in the UK from 23 February â€” 16 March 2005. ...

FourDocs

FourDocs is an online service from Channel 4. FourDocs is a broadband documentary "channel" that celebrates all aspects of the documentary genre. It allows users to upload their own documentaries to the website for others to watch. The videos need to be 4 minutes long. FourDocs is an online documentary site provided by Channel 4 which is based in London. ... VIZ Media Logo retrived from www. ...

Entertainment

Channel 4 pioneered the concept of 'after the pub' television, with series such as Who Dares Wins, Tonight with Jonathan Ross, Friday Night Live and The Word broadcast in the 10–11pm slot. Channel 4 is also noted for the screening of Big Brother. Based on the original Dutch format, the UK version has attracted massive press attention as well as various degrees of criticism for each of its series from 2000 to date. Who Dares Wins was an Aus television daring gameshow. ... Big Brother Australia Logo Big Brother is a TV reality show shown on Network Ten in which a number of contestants live in an isolated house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize at the end of the run. ... The Word was a 1990s Channel 4 television programme in the United Kingdom. ... Big Brother is a reality television series broadcast on Channel 4, and S4C in Wales, in which a number of contestants live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize...

In October 2005, Channel 4 began broadcasting the UK version of Endemol's worldwide smash game show Deal or No Deal. Despite being broadcast at a relatively slow time slot — 4.15pm weekdays and originally 4.25pm Saturdays — the show, presented by Noel Edmonds, on some occasions has been the most-watched show on the channel. The Saturday edition of the show has had a spell in a prime-time slot, and in June 2006 the show's popularity led to "Double Deal Week" where a second show at 8pm was broadcast each day for a week. Endemol (Euronext: EML) is a television production company based in the Netherlands, with subsidiaries and joint ventures in 23 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Spain, Italy, Germany, Poland and the Netherlands, as well as in Latin America, India, South Africa and Australia. ... Deal or No Deal is a gameshow which has been broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 since October 31, 2005. ... Edmonds presenting Top of the Pops Noel Ernest Edmonds (born December 22, 1948 in Ilford) is an English television presenter, DJ and executive who made his name on BBC Radio 1 in England. ...

The highest audience ever attained by Channel 4 was 13.8 million for the final part of the mini-series A Woman of Substance, broadcast on 4 January 1985. A Woman of Substance is a novel by Barbara Taylor Bradford, and was published in 1979. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Since then, and excluding films, the channel's highest rating was 10 million viewers for the final of the third series of Big Brother on 27 July 2002. The channel's daily share of viewing on that date was 22.8%, then the highest recorded by the station. This record was beaten on Monday 12 September 2005, the final day of the 2005 Ashes, when the channel's daily share of viewing in UK homes was recorded as 23.2%. This was also the first time that Channel 4 had been the highest-rating UK television station across a 24-hour period. Big Brother is a reality television series broadcast on Channel 4, and S4C in Wales, in which a number of contestants live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2005 Ashes series started on 21 July 2005. ...

Comedy

Channel 4 has traditional had a good reputation for its comedy programming. The early days saw screenings of The Comic Strip Presents, a highly innovative series of short one-off comedy films produced by a rotating line-up of alternative comedians, such as Rik Mayall, Adrian Edmondson, Dawn French, Jennifer Saunders, Peter Cook, Peter Richardson, and Alexei Sayle. The Tube and Friday Night Live also launched the careers of a number of alternative comedians. More recently, Channel 4 has aired such comedy shows as Brass Eye, The Mark Thomas Product, Peter Kay's Phoenix Nights, That Peter Kay Thing, Drop the Dead Donkey, Desmond's, Green Wing, Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, Smack the Pony, Max and Paddy's Road To Nowhere, So Graham Norton, South Park, Black Books, Bo' Selecta, My Name is Earl, The IT Crowd, and Father Ted. Comedy has a classical meaning (comical theatre) and a popular one (the use of humour with an intent to provoke[[ laughter in general). ... This article is about the British comedy group; for the published art form, see comic strip. ... Richard Michael Rik Mayall (born on March 7, 1958 in Harlow, Essex) is an English comedian and actor. ... Adrian Charles Edmondson (born 24 January 1957) is an English actor, comedian, director, and writer. ... Dawn French (born 11 October 1957) is a British comedian and actress best known for being part of a comic duo with her comic partner Jennifer Saunders and for playing the lead role in The Vicar of Dibley as Geraldine Granger. ... Jennifer Saunders Jennifer Jane Saunders (born July 6, 1958 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire) is an English comedian, actress, and comedy writer. ... Peter Edward Cook (17 November 1937 â€“ 9 January 1995) was an English satirist, writer and comedian. ... Peter Richardson born 15 October 1951 in Devon, Britain, is a British actor, comedian, director, and writer. ... Alexei David Sayle is an English comedian, actor and author. ... Screenshot of The Tubes neon sign trademark The Tube was an innovative United Kingdom pop/rock music television programme, which ran for 5 series, from 1982 until 1987. ... Big Brother Australia Logo Big Brother is a TV reality show shown on Network Ten in which a number of contestants live in an isolated house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize at the end of the run. ... Brass Eye is a UK television series of satirical spoof documentaries which aired on Channel 4 in 1997 and was re-run in 2001. ... Mark Clifford Thomas (born 1963) is an English comedian, presenter and reporter from south London. ... The full cast from series one Peter Kays Phoenix Nights is a British sitcom about The Phoenix Club, a working mens club in the northern English town of Bolton, Lancashire. ... Peter Kay as Mr Softy, one of the 15 characters he played in That Peter Kay Thing That Peter Kay Thing was a series of six spoof documentaries shown on Channel 4 in the UK. Set in and around Bolton, these followed the lives of different characters and starred Peter... Video Cover, with main cast Drop the Dead Donkey was a situation comedy that ran on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom from 1990 to 1998. ... Desmonds was a British television situation comedy broadcast by Channel 4 from 1989 to 1994. ... Green Wing is an award winning British television comedy, set in a hospital. ... The cast of Darkplace, from left to right: Todd Rivers/Dr. Lucien Sanchez, Dean Learner/Thornton Reed, Garth Marenghi/Dr. Rick Dagless and Madeleine Wool/Dr. Liz Asher. ... The Best of Smack the Pony DVD Cover, featuring (left to right) Doon Mackichan, Fiona Allen and Sally Phillips. ... Max and Paddys Road to Nowhere is a British comedy television show on Channel 4 starring and written by Peter Kay and Patrick McGuinness. ... So Graham Norton was a British television programme, hosted by Irish personality Graham Norton. ... South Park is an American, Emmy Award-winning[1] animated television comedy series about four fourth-grade school boys who live in the small town of South Park, Colorado. ... Black Books is a British sitcom broadcast on Channel 4 starring Dylan Moran, Bill Bailey and Tamsin Greig, written by Dylan Moran, Graham Linehan, Arthur Mathews, Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley and produced by Nira Park. ... Bo Selecta! (title taken from Craig Davids song, Re-Wind) is a British TV comedy sketch show and the brainchild of writer/performer, Leigh Francis. ... My Name Is Earl is an Emmy Award-winning American sitcom created by Greg Garcia. ... The IT Crowd (IPA: pronounced or )[1] is a sitcom written by Graham Linehan and produced by Ash Atalla for Channel 4. ... Father Ted was a popular 1990s television situation comedy set around the lives of three priests on the fictional extremely remote Craggy Island off the west coast of Ireland. ...

For years, Channel 4 has also broadcast episodes of the most popular situation comedies from the United States on Friday nights. In 2004, Friday-night sitcoms on Channel 4 included Friends, Sex and the City, and Will & Grace. A sitcom or situation comedy is a genre of comedy performance originally devised for radio but today typically found on television. ... Friends is a situation comedy about a group of six friends living in New York City. ... Sex and the City was a popular American cable television program based on the novel of the same name by Candace Bushnell. ... Will & Grace was a popular Emmy Award-winning American television situation comedy that focused on Will Truman, a homosexual lawyer and his best friend Grace Adler, a straight Jewish woman who runs her own interior design firm, as well as Karen Walker, a very rich socialite and Jack McFarland, an...

Since 5 November 2004, Channel 4 has had the British terrestrial rights to show new-to-terrestrial episodes of The Simpsons, in addition to several of the classic seasons, rights that had previously been held by the BBC since the show started airing on British terrestrial (1996). This was considered a major scoop for Channel 4, which was reported to have paid £700,000 for each episode and which began promoting The Simpsons nearly a month in advance, using 18-frame teasers for the show (made up of various characters' faces being created using different-coloured Channel 4 logos) to lead into commercial breaks from October 8 onward. When it began airing in November 2004, seasons 2–5 of the show were repeated weekdays at 6pm, with new and newer episodes from seasons 11 and 12 on Fridays at 9pm. From January 2006, C4 lost the rights to seasons 2 and 3 to Sky, but showed Season 6 in November 2005. More new episodes were scheduled to begin airing in the post-watershed slot (Season 13) from 25 August 2006. However, it has been criticised heavily for its slight censorship of the programme during its 6:00pm slot, such as removing some swear words and even cutting scenes with mild sexual activity. November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... October 8 is the 281st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (282nd in leap years). ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

In January 2005, Channel 4 gained the rights to show the hugely popular U.S. comedy Desperate Housewives. It became a ratings landslide, with six million viewers and third place in the ratings. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Desperate Housewives is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American television series of the dramedy genre, created by Marc Cherry, that began airing on October 3, 2004 on ABC. It is the most popular show in its demographic worldwide, with a worldwide audience of approximately 119 million viewers. ...

In 2006, Channel 4 gained rights to various new American TV shows like The Class, and in 2007 it gained rights to Ugly Betty. Plus a second series of The Charlotte Church Show aired. Ugly Betty season one continues to air on Channel 4 at 9:00pm, with successful ratings. For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Class is a television sitcom created by David Crane and Jeffrey Klarik. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe and Peabody Award winning American television dramedy series starring America Ferrera and Eric Mabius. ... The Charlotte Church Show is an entertainment television show presented by Welsh singer Charlotte Church broadcast each Friday on Channel 4 from September 1, 2006. ... Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe and Peabody Award winning American television dramedy series starring America Ferrera and Eric Mabius. ...

Friday Nights have traditionally been used by the station for airing much of its popular comedy, with the time-slot becoming synonymous with the stations' comedy output, with Channel 4 Friday Comedy being promoted as a brand, and most of the above programming being premiered on this slot.

Some of the much advertised programmes The Friday Night Project and 18 Stone of Idiot were not successful with the ratings with 18 Stone of Idiot being not being recommissioned for a second series but Johnny Vegas wanted it not be recommissioned and is working with further projects with Channel 4. Another show is Balls Of Steel in which comedians do a range of pranks on the public and celebrities including the famous soaking of Tom Cruise and Sharon Osbourne, both of them not seeing that funny with Sharon Osbourne throwing a bucket of water over the cameraman and damaging the video camera. The Friday Night Project is a British comedy-variety show by Princess Productions that first aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 in February 2005. ... 18 Stone of Idiot was a British television programme broadcast on Channel 4 in 2005 designed as a vehicle for Johnny Vegas and produced by Chris Evans. ... Johnny Vegas (real name Michael Joseph Pennington) born on September 11, 1971, is an English comedian from the Merseyside town of St. ... // General Information Host Mark Dolan (The Richard Taylor Interviews) puts a team of comedians and performers to the ultimate challenge: he and his studio audience want to know just one thing - who has the biggest Balls of Steel? His special guests are keen to prove themselves by performing death-defying... Tom Cruise (born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV on July 3, 1962) is an Academy Award-nominated, Golden Globe Award-winning American actor and film producer. ... Sharon Rachel Osbourne (nÃ©e Levy, then Arden; born 9 October 1952) is a well-known English music promoter, television personality and presenter. ...

Channel 4 has been criticised over the years for repeating too many American sitcoms as the channel was notorious for showing far too many repeats of Friends on a terrestrial channel rather than producing new British sitcoms as Friends was shown in the 9.00pm slot for nearly 10 years and always slated in Dead Ringers on BBC Two. Dead Ringers is a UK radio and television comedy impressions show broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and BBC Two. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Drama

On 4 November 2003, Channel 4 screened its final episode of Brookside, a soap opera which had run for the 21 years since the channel started. November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Brookside (disambiguation). ... For Philippine soap opera, see Teleserye. ...

American drama is a key part of Channel 4's portfolio, initially with NYPD Blue and ER. These were followed by Without a Trace, The Sopranos, The West Wing and Six Feet Under. Many of these programmes are shown (and notably edited) for their Sunday morning T4 slot. NYPD Blue was a long-running American television police drama set in New York City. ... Current cast of ER ER is a popular NBC serial drama primarily set in a teaching hospitals emergency room, the fictional County General Hospital (based loosely off Cook County General, a real hospital) on Division Street in Chicago, Illinois. ... Without a Trace is an American television show set in New York City. ... This article is about the TV series. ... The West Wing is an American television serial drama created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast from 1999 to 2006. ... Six Feet Under is an American television drama created by Alan Ball that was originally broadcast from 2001 to 2005. ... T4 is a scheduling slot on Channel 4 (UK) from about 9 a. ...

In August 2005, Channel 4 started showing the US TV show Lost after a lengthy advertising campaign that included a 60-second commercial shot by David LaChapelle, that featured the cast and cost over £1 million becoming the most expensive advertisement produced in the UK. This gamble seems to have paid off, however; the pilot episode was watched by over 6 million viewers, placing it second in the overall ratings for the channel for that year, Big Brother securing the top spot. However, in October 2006 Channel 4 suffered a blow when BSkyB acquired the rights to the third and fourth seasons of Lost. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning serial drama television series that follows the lives of a group of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, somewhere in the South Pacific. ... Cover of David LaChapelle book, David LaChapelle (born March 11, 1969[1] Fairfield, Connecticut, United States) is a photographer and director who works in the fields of fashion, advertising, and fine art photography, and is noted for his surreal and often humorous style. ... Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning serial drama television series that follows the lives of a group of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, somewhere in the South Pacific. ... October 2006 is the tenth month of that year and has yet to occur. ... British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB - formerly two companies, Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, which merged) is a company that operates the most popular subscription television service in the Ireland. ... Lost is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning serial drama television series that follows the lives of a group of plane crash survivors on a mysterious tropical island, somewhere in the South Pacific. ...

T4 is a separately identified strand carried on Channel 4 (and briefly on E4 until 2002). It consists of programming in the mornings seven days a week for an age range of around 16–25. T4 is a scheduling slot on Channel 4 (UK) from about 9 a. ...

Music, soaps and US comedy shows all feature as part of the schedule on T4. Famous programmes include the Hollyoaks Omnibus, The OC, One Tree Hill, Will & Grace and Friends, with popular US animation Futurama airing weekend mornings too (although Futurama is heavily edited to fit the allocated timeslot). The final season of the hit US drama show Charmed was showing on T4 every Sunday, repeats were shown on the following Saturday, after five lost in a bidding war with Channel 4.^[19]. The most recent American import Ugly Betty even though episodes premiere on a Wednesday night on E4 at 9pm and premiere on Analogue television on a Friday night at 9pm. These are repeated on T4 on a Sunday beginning between 3.30pm and 4.00pm Hollyoaks is a British television teen drama and soap opera first broadcast on 23 October 1995, on the Channel 4 network. ... The O.C. ( stands for Orange County) is an American television drama/soap opera program broadcast on the Fox Network. ... One Tree Hill is an American teen television drama. ... Will & Grace was a popular Emmy Award-winning American television situation comedy that focused on Will Truman, a homosexual lawyer and his best friend Grace Adler, a straight Jewish woman who runs her own interior design firm, as well as Karen Walker, a very rich socialite and Jack McFarland, an... Friends is a situation comedy about a group of six friends living in New York City. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Charmed is an American television series that ran for eight seasons on The WB. It was produced by Aaron Spelling and is about three sisters who are the worlds most powerful good witches, known throughout the supernatural community as The Charmed Ones but known to everyone else as the... Five (often referred as five, as per the logo), formerly, and more commonly known as Channel 5, is the British fifth and final national analogue terrestrial TV channel. ... Ugly Betty is a Golden Globe and Peabody Award winning American television dramedy series starring America Ferrera and Eric Mabius. ... E4 may refer to: E4, the postcode for Chingford. ... T4 or T-4 is used for various purposes as a designation, abbreviation or identifier: T4 is the IATA code for Hellas Jet airline In endocrinology, see Thyroxine. ...

Schools Programming

Channel 4 is obliged to carry schools programming as part of its remit and licence.^[4]

ITV Schools on Channel 4

Since 1957 ITV had produced schools programming which became an obligation.^[20] In 1987, five years after the new minority station was launched, the IBA afforded ITV free carriage of these programmes during Channel 4's, then largely unused, daytime hours. This arrangement allowed the ITV companies to fulfil their obligation to provide schools programming, whilst being able to use ITV proper to air more popular programming, which unlike schools programmes would provide advertising revenue. During the times in which schools programmes were aired, Channel 4 was effectively operated by ITV, with Central Television providing most of the continuity, and play-out originating from Birmingham.^[21] Thus ITV Schools on Channel 4 was effectively a separate station broadcasting on Channel 4's frequencies. Even some regional schools programming was aired, in contrast with Channel 4's lack of any regional variations to its programming. Central TV logo, 1985_1998 Central Independent Television, or to give it its familiar name, Central Television or Central, is a British Independent Television company that took over from ATV on 1 January 1982. ... In fiction, continuity is consistency of the characteristics of persons, objects, places and events seen by the reader or viewer. ...

Channel 4 Schools / 4Learning

After the re-structuring of the station in 1993, ITV's obligations to provide such programming on Channel 4's airtime passed to Channel 4 itself, and the new service became Channel 4 Schools, with the new corporation administering the service and commissioning its programmes, some still from ITV, others from independent producers.^[22]

In 2000, the service was renamed 4Learning and as of today the service has diversified into pre-school and adult programmes, with much of its content also available in text and video form via the internet, or through DVD sales. Its programming runs to around 400 hours per annum. One of its well known programmes is The Hoobs. Hubba Hubba; hoob overlord. ...

Film

The channel has established a tradition of broadcasting the animated film of Raymond Briggs's picture book The Snowman, which in 1982 was the new channel's first major animated commission, every Christmas. From 2002, the film was controversially cropped from its original 4:3 picture format to the current widescreen standard of 16:9. The Channel also commissioned early work by Nick Park and Aardman Animation. Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. ... Raymond Briggs in his studio Raymond Briggs (born January 18, 1934) is a British illustrator, cartoonist, and author who has achieved critical and popular success among adults and children. ... The Snowman is a childrens book by British author Raymond Briggs, published in 1978. ... Christmas is an annual holiday that marks the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. ... Nicholas Wulstan Park, CBE (b. ... Aardman Animations is a British stop motion animation studio founded by Peter Lord and David Sproxton in 1972. ...

In March 2005, Channel 4 screened uncut Lars von Trier film The Idiots that includes unsimulated sexual intercourse, making it the first UK terrestrial channel to do so. The Channel had screened before other films with similar material but censored and with warnings. The broadcast after midnight only raised one complaint and has been taken as an indication of how far audience values have changed since the Channel began. Lars von Trier (born Lars Trier, April 30, 1956) is a Danish film director closely associated with the Dogme95 collective, calling for a return to plausible stories in filmmaking and a move away from artifice and towards technical minimalism. ... The Idiots (Danish: Idioterne) is a 1998 Danish film directed by Lars von Trier. ...

Notable Failures

Channel 4 has for a long time struggled in the breakfast slot. In 1989 the Channel launched a breakfast television slot produced by Mentorn Films, called the Channel 4 Daily. In 1992 this was replaced by The Big Breakfast, which briefly outrated the ITV breakfast broadcast, GMTV, after the closure of TV-am. The Big Breakfast was axed in March 2002. It was replaced by RI:SE, which rated terribly. With the demise of RI:SE, Channel 4 withdrew from original programming in the breakfast TV slot. Now T4 runs the early morning slots on weekdays showing repeats of popular shows such as Friends, Everybody Loves Raymond and Just Shoot Me. (This was temporarily interrupted in early 2006 with the show Morning Glory, designed to keep the audience following the early morning transmission of Big Brother's Little Breakfast). Breakfast television (UK) or morning show (U.S.) is a type of news and entertainment television program, broadcast live in the morning (typically between 6:00am and 9:00am). ... The Big Breakfast was a British light entertainment television show shown on Channel 4 each weekday morning from September 28, 1992 until March 29, 2002. ... GMTV (Good Morning Television) is a national British breakfast television station owned by ITV plc (75%) and The Walt Disney Company (25%). It has held the license for the breakfast Channel 3 franchise since 1993, when it outbid the previous 6am-9. ... TV-am was a breakfast television station that broadcast in the United Kingdom from 1983 to 1992. ... RI:SE was a breakfast television show on Channel 4 in the UK. It was scheduled after the ratings failure of The Big Breakfast. ... Friends is a situation comedy about a group of six friends living in New York City. ... Everybody Loves Raymond, sometimes referred to as Raymond, or ELR was a long-running American sitcom broadcast on CBS from 1996 to 2005. ... Just Shoot Me was an American television sitcom airing on NBC from 1997 to 2003. ... Morning Glory is the third breakfast TV show on Channel 4, starring Dermot OLeary, shown every weekday morning from 8. ... Big Brothers Little Brother (BBLB; also known as Big Brothers Little Breakfast during the run of Celebrity Big Brother 4) is a magazine television programme shown on Channel 4 and its sister digital channel E4 during a series of Big Brother in the UK. Presented by Dermot O...

4Talent

4Talent is a branch of Channel 4's commissioning wing which co-ordinates Channel 4's various talent recruitment schemes for Film, Television, Radio, New Media et cetera, in association with its content providers. As well as being a means of recruitment, it also offers information and advice for new-comers and serves as a showcasing platform. It has offices in London, the West Midlands, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Image File history File links 4Talent_sm. ...

TEN4

TEN4 is the quarterly creative industries magazine from 4Talent, which launched in 2005.

Controversies

Channel 4 and its associated channels do not cut programmes or movies for commercial timing purposes, however some imported shows have been known to be edited (Channel 4's broadcasts of animated sci-fi comedy Futurama is heavily edited in comparison to the episodes broadcast on rival channel Sky One). Sci-fi is an abbreviation for science fiction. ... This article is becoming very long. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...

Other Services

November 1998 saw Channel 4 expand beyond its remit of providing the 'fourth service' in a significant way, with the launch of FilmFour. Since then the corporation has been involved in a range of other activities, all in some way associated with the main channel, and mainly using the '4' brand. 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Film4 is a free British digital television channel, owned and operated by Channel 4, which screens high-quality films. ...

4Ventures

In 2001 4Ventures was created as the parent body of its other activities, which at the time were run as commercial businesses, rather than public-service obligations, with the intent of making profit which would serve to subsidise the main Channel 4. 4Ventures has subsequently been run-down, with its television stations (listed below) moving from a largely subscription based profit-making model, to being widely available free-to-view services, available on most platforms.

Television

Film4

Channel 4 has had a long record of success in funding the production of films through Channel Four Films, renamed FilmFour in 1998 to coincide with the launch of its digital channel of the same name. Notable successes include The Madness of King George, The Crying Game and Four Weddings and a Funeral. However, this dedicated film-making wing was scaled back in 2002 as a cost-cutting measure in the face of substantial losses. Film4 is a free British digital television channel, owned and operated by Channel 4, which screens high-quality films. ... The Madness of King George is a 1994 film which tells the story of King George III of the United Kingdoms deteriorating mental health, and the equally declining relationship between him and his son, the Prince of Wales. ... The Crying Game is a 1968 novel by John Braine. ... Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. ...

Channel 4 launched a subscription film channel, FilmFour, in November 1998. It is available on digital satellite television and digital cable. Companion services, such as FilmFour+1, FilmFour World and FilmFour Extreme were also available on some digital services. In 2003 Extreme and World were discontinued, and replaced with FilmFour Weekly. FilmFour Weekly closed in July 2006, when the main, newly named Film4 channel went free-to-view and became available on Digital Terrestrial. The switchover to Digital Terrestrial was heavily advertised. The adverts featured Lucy Liu, Christian Slater, Ewan McGregor, Judi Dench, Gael García Bernal, Willem Dafoe, Mackenzie Crook, Rhys Ifans and Ray Winstone declaring "Film4 is now free" in various situations across London. Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... Artists impression of a Boeing 601 satellite, as configured for digital television transmission by SES Astra Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ... Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology to provide a greater number of channels, and digital quality of sound and picture, through a conventional aerial instead of a satellite dish or cable connection. ... Lucy Alexis Liu (Chinese: åŠ‰çŽ‰çŽ² LiÃº YÃ¹lÃng, born December 2, 1968) is an Emmy Award-nominated American actress. ... Christian Slater (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor. ... Ewan Gordon McGregor (born March 31, 1971)(IPA pronunciation: [1]) is a Scottish actor who has had significant success in mainstream, indie and art house films. ... Dame Judith Olivia Dench, CH, DBE (born 9 December 1934), usually known as Dame Judi Dench, is an Oscar, Golden Globe, Tony, three-time BAFTA, and six-time Laurence Olivier Award-winning English actress. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... William Dafoe, Jr. ... Paul Mackenzie Crook (born September 29, 1971) is an English actor best known for playing Gareth Keenan in The Office. ... On set: Importance of Being Idle From left: Andy Bell, Liam Gallagher, Rhys Ifans, Noel Gallagher, Zak Starkey and Gem Archer Rhys Ifans IPA: (approximately hris EEvans) (born 22 July 1968, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales) is a Welsh actor. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

In 2002, Channel 4's film financing division (Film4 Productions) was seriously scaled back, due to massive losses, although total closure was averted. It had however had various successes, most notably Four Weddings and a Funeral and Trainspotting. In 1994, BAFTA/LA (the Los Angeles branch of the British Academy of Film & Television Arts) presented a full-length film festival in Los Angeles in conjunction with the American Cinematheque (the US equivalent of Britain's National Film Theatre that saluted the considerable contributions to British film of Channel 4's film division since its inception. The festival presented many of the most celebrated Channel 4 films, and also featured panel discussions about Channel 4's role between Channel 4 chief executive Michael Grade, US TV producer Norman Lear and the festival's producer - BAFTA/LA chairman Martin Lewis. Film4 Productions is a British film production company owned by Channel 4. ... Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. ... Movie poster for Trainspotting Trainspotting is a 1996 black comedy film directed by Danny Boyle based on the novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh about a group of heroin addicts in Edinburgh and their passage through life. ... The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ... The American Cinematheque is an independent, non-profit cultural organization in Los Angeles dedicated exclusively to the public presentation of the Moving Picture in all its forms. ... The used book sale in front of the National Film Theatre The National Film Theatre is located on the South Bank of the river Thames in London. ... Michael Ian Grade CBE (born March 8, 1943) is a British businessman and a distinguished figure in the field of broadcasting. ... Norman Lear (born July 27, 1922) is a Jewish-American television writer and producer who produced such popular sitcoms as All in the Family, Sanford and Son, One Day at a Time, Good Times and Maude. ... Martin Lewis. ...

When Channel 4 had the rights to broadcast test match cricket in England, the FilmFour channel was sometimes used to broadcast parts of a match when the main channel was committed elsewhere, usually to racing. At these times FilmFour was available free-to-air. For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ...

At The Races

In 2000, Channel 4 launched a dedicated horse racing channel, At the Races. However, for a combination of financial and legal reasons^{[citation needed]} the channel ceased broadcasting in 2003. It was subsequently bought by BSkyB and relaunched in June 2004. Channel 4 no longer has any involvement with At the Races. The Channel 4 programmes, also named At the Races, returned to their original name of Channel 4 Racing when the channel left involvement with At The Races. At the Races is a United Kingdom television channel, formerly run by Channel 4, but now owned by British Sky Broadcasting. ... British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB - formerly two companies, Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, which merged) is a company that operates the most popular subscription television service in the Ireland. ...

E4, a digital entertainment channel previously available on the Internet, was launched in January 2001. It features premieres of US imports and supplementary footage for programs on its main channel (most notably extended Big Brother coverage). E4 is a British digital television channel launched as a pay-tv companion to Channel 4 on 18 January 2001. ...

In 2005 it launched on Digital Terrestrial. E4 now has as much coverage as other services available on Cable, Satellite and Digital Terrestrial like ITV2 and BBC Three. It is a very successful channel with a first look or sneak peek, with the next episode of some series, such as Hollyoaks and Desperate Housewives appearing on E4 immediately after the show on Channel 4 has finished. Also they have "Second Chance Sunday" which allows you to see programmes you have missed during the week on a Sunday. New show Skins was a massive success for E4, peaking at the 2 million mark - one of the most viewed premieres in digital TV history. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology to provide a greater number of channels, and digital quality of sound and picture, through a conventional aerial instead of a satellite dish or cable connection. ... ITV2 is a free-to-air entertainment television channel in the United Kingdom owned by ITV plc. ... BBC Three, the successor to the similar BBC Choice, is a British television channel from the BBC broadcasting only on digital cable, terrestrial and satellite. ... Hollyoaks is a British television teen drama and soap opera first broadcast on 23 October 1995, on the Channel 4 network. ... Desperate Housewives is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning American television series of the dramedy genre, created by Marc Cherry, that began airing on October 3, 2004 on ABC. It is the most popular show in its demographic worldwide, with a worldwide audience of approximately 119 million viewers. ... Skins is a British teen drama from Company Pictures which premiered on E4 on January 25, 2007. ...

During Big Brother, E4 plays host to live coverage of the show, subject to a delay. Until 2006, programmes on the channel did not air until 14.00 GMT, but in February 2006 the widely-advertised E4 Music airs from 06.00 until 14.00 GMT, with various music shows and videos being showcased. Big Brother is a reality television series broadcast on Channel 4, and S4C in Wales, in which a number of contestants live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built house trying to avoid being evicted by the public with the aim of winning a large cash prize...

E4 is widely available in the Republic of Ireland in close to 70% of homes. It is carried on the NTL / Chorus cable networks and also on Sky Digital. The channel operates a separate advertising opt-out in the Republic allowing advertisers to directly target Irish audiences. This has been a highly successful commercial operation and all airtime sales are handled on the channels behalf by Medialink in Dublin. NTL Communications (Ireland) Limited is a cable television and MMDS company in the Republic of Ireland. ... Chorus Communications is a communications provider in Ireland, it offers internet, television and telephone services. ...

More4

More4 is a channel aimed at those aged 35–60. Launched on 10 October 2005, it channel carries news and nightly discussion programmes, such as More4 News, an extension of Channel 4 News that attempts to look "beyond the headlines", giving in-depth analysis. Advertising before the launch of the channel flaunted such HBO shows as Curb Your Enthusiasm and The Sopranos, as well as NBC's The West Wing. Its conception has met conflicting responses; many people believe the programmes shown to be of great quality, while others see it as an excuse to free up more room for a deluge of property programmes or less respectable programmes (see Fat Pets) in all other free slots on Channel 4. More4 is a digital television channel produced by United Kingdom broadcaster Channel 4 that launched on October 10th 2005. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Channel 4 News is the title of different television news programs in different countries. ... Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American sitcom starring Seinfeld writer, co-creator, and executive producer Larry David. ... This article is about the TV series. ... NBC (an acronym for National Broadcasting Company) is an American television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York Citys Rockefeller Center. ... The West Wing is an American television serial drama created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast from 1999 to 2006. ...

Quiz Call

Channel 4 previously owned Ostrich Media Limited, a company which run the participation television statio, Quiz Call. In November 2006, Channel 4 confirmed that it had sold Ostrich Media Limited to iTouch.^[23] Channel 4 cited the fact that strong competition in the UK participation television market had meant that it was no longer easy to make profits from participation TV as the reason for selling. The space occupied by QuizCall on Freeview was not included as part of the sale. Consequently, the channel left Channel 4's space on Freeview on 15 November 2006, and was replaced in the short term by Film4+1.^[24] Channel 4 director of television, Kevin Lygo, confirmed the plan to launch a new channel in the longer term. However, he was reported not to be satisfied with the first round of ideas submitted to him (a US acquisitions channel, a comedy channel and a T4 youth brand channel) and is now canvassing further options.^[23] Quiz Call is a participation quiz channel owned by Ostrich Media (which has recently purchased by iTouch Media from Channel 4 Television Corporation). ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Ostrich Media is a British company, best known as the owner of interactive quiz show, Quiz Call. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Radio - DAB Bid

In March 2007, A consortium lead by Channel 4, under the name 4 Digital Group which includes EMAP, UTV and SMG as partners, submitted a bid for the second national DAB radio licence. National Grid Wireless submitted a rival bid at the same time, and are expected to be the only other competitor. If succesfull, several radio stations operated by Channel 4 are expected to be included, along side contributions by Disney and BSkyB. The winner is expected to be announced in July.^[25] EMAP plc (LSE: EMA) is a British media company, specialising in the production of magazines, and the organization of business events and conferences. ... UTV (Ulster Television) is the ITV franchise for Northern Ireland. ... Scottish Media Group plc is a Scottish media company. ... DAB may refer to: Digital Audio Broadcasting Dave & Busters, a chain of restaurants in the United States Daytona Beach International Airport (IATA airport code: DAB) in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States Defense Acquisition Board, a Pentagon group that reviews large proposed purchases by the U.S. Department of Defense... National Grid Wireless (formerly Crown Castle UK) is a company which provides telecommunications infrastructure and broadcast transmission facilities in the UK. Its main customers are broadcasters and mobile phone network operators, and its main asset is a network of over 1,000 radio masts and towers. ... Disney may refer to: The Walt Disney Company and its divisions, including Walt Disney Pictures. ... British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB - formerly two companies, Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, which merged) is a company that operates the most popular subscription television service in the Ireland. ...

4radio

In June 2006 they launched 4radio^[26], offering audio programmes in the shape of podcasts aimed at introducing new public service radio services informed by C4’s values of creativity and innovation. Coupled with their strategy of becoming a truly multimedia company, there are shows that tie in with their flagship TV hits including Big Brother, Lost, and Channel 4 News. But they are also looking to introduce opportunities for new music, comedy, speech and drama production from independents to invigorate the commercial radio sector and give the BBC some real competition. Image File history File links 4radio_logo. ...

The successful multiplex consortium will not be expected to launch until 2008. However a taste of Channel 4 Radio's audio output is already available ^[27] including a revival of the Channel's The Tube ^[28] music programme and a very small amount of 4radio branded content can be heard on OneWord. Screenshot of The Tubes neon sign trademark The Tube was an innovative United Kingdom pop/rock music television programme, which ran for 5 series, from 1982 until 1987. ...

Oneword

Oneword is a digital radio station featuring the spoken word. In early 2005 Channel 4 purchased a minority stake in it, later that year buying a majority one. It has been rumoured that the station will be relaunched with a format featuring greater integration with Channel 4's other properties. Oneword Radio is a British commercial radio station featuring books, drama, comedy, childrens programming, and discussion. ...

Channel4.com

The station's website is channel4.com. The site offers detailed programme information, highlights, and chats with actors and presenters of all Channel 4 channels. It also has in-depth sections including news, film, homes, sport, and more. Its learning sections are often used by many for educational needs. For other uses, see News (disambiguation). ... Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... Look up home in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

4oD

Launched towards the end of 2006, 4oD stands for "4 on Demand", a service which allows some internet and Virgin Media users to view programming recently shown on Channel 4, E4 or More4, or from their archives.^[29] The cable version is operated through an appropriate set top box whilst the internet variant requires the installation of a free piece of software, which allows users to download the programmes to a computer for viewing. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The term set-top box describes a device that connects to a television and some external source of signal, and turns the signal into content then displayed on the screen. ...

The services are limited to UK and Republic of Ireland viewers only, and the internet version is at present further limited to Windows XP, PC users only.^[29] This is due to the propriety Microsoft DRM system chosen for the service, being only available to that platform at this time. Channel 4 state that this choice of system is at the stipulation of many of the content owners, thus such a limitation is unavoidable if their content is to be made available in this way.^[29] Microsoft is one of few companies engaging itself in the console wars Where they are up against sony, nintendo, and of course sharps new console which may cause a threat. ... Digital Rights Management (generally abbreviated to DRM) is an umbrella term that refers to any of several technologies used by publishers or copyright owners to control access to and usage of digital data or hardware, and to restrictions associated with a specific instance of a digital work or device. ...

Most content is charged for, on a per-download basis, typically at around 99p per standard programme, and £1.99 per film, though there is also free content available. Video can be viewed multiple times, for up to forty-eight hours after the first time it was played, or for a month unplayed where downloaded. The video on the internet service is advertised as being 'DVD quality', and estimates download time to be around twice the programme length on an average broadband connection, though speeds vary dramatically dependent on ISP, connection speed and other factors, and may be less or more than this. â€œISPâ€ redirects here. ...

The 4oD internet service uses exactly the same technology (Kontiki Delivery Manager[3] and Microsoft DRM) as the BBC iPlayer test service that was successfully trailed at the end of 2005, (and is currently awaiting launch approval from the BBC Trust). The BBC service made no charge for watching recently aired programmes during its trial.

Corporate Structure

Management

Channel 4 is run by a chief executive, whose role is similar to that of the Director-General of the BBC. The chief executive is appointed by the chairman, which is a part-time position appointed by Ofcom. The Director-General is chief executive and editor-in-chief of the BBC. The position is appointed by Board of Governors of the BBC. Sir John Reith (1927-1938) Sir Frederick Ogilvie (1938-1942) Sir Cecil Graves and Robert W. Foot (joint Director-Generals, 1942-1943) Robert W. Foot (1942... Ofcom is a regulator for communication industries in the United Kingdom. ...

Chairmen

The Rt. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, CBE (born August 29, 1923) is a prolific English film and stage actor, and Academy Award, BAFTA and three-time Golden Globe winning director, producer and entrepreneur. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Sir Michael Bishop (b. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January * January 1998 - A massive ice storm, caused by El Niño, strikes New England, southern Ontario and Quebec, resulting in widespread power failures, severe damage to forests, and a number of deaths. ... December 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - â†’ Events December 31, 2003 In Taiwan, President Chen Shui-bian signs a law that allows referendums to be held. ... Luke Johnson (born 1959), is a British serial entrepreneur, best known for his dealings with Pizza Express. ... January 2004 : â† - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- â†’ Irelands Roman Catholic and Protestant Boy Scouts organisations merge after nearly a century of division, in spite of efforts by the Roman Catholic bishops to block the merger. ...

Chief executives

Sir Jeremy Isaacs (b. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Ian Grade CBE (born March 8, 1943) is a British businessman and a distinguished figure in the field of broadcasting. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Jackson (born 1958) is a British television executive. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mark Thompson has been the BBC Director-General since May 2004. ... 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for March, 2002. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: June 2004 in sports Deaths in June â€¢ 28 Anthony Buckeridge â€¢ 26 Naomi Shemer â€¢ 26 Yash Johar â€¢ 22 Bob Bemer â€¢ 22 Thomas Gold â€¢ 22 Francisco Ortiz Franco â€¢ 16 Thanom Kittikachorn â€¢ 10 Ray Charles â€¢ 5 Ronald Reagan... Andy Duncan (born July 31, 1962) is the chief executive of Channel 4 television in the United Kingdom. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December See also: July 2004 in sports Deaths in July • 31 David B. Haight • 29 Francis Crick • 29 Nafisa Joseph • 23 Joe Cahill • 23 Mehmood • 23 Illinois Jacquet • 23 Carlos Paredes...

Financial information

Channel 4's total revenue for the year to 31 December 2005 was £894.3 million, of which £735.2 million was generated by its main channel, and the remainder by its subsidiaries channels, sales of programming rights to other broadcasters, Film Four and "new media". Operating profits for the year were £56.9 million. [4]

Headquarters

Originally based in Charlotte Street, close to the Post Office Tower in London's film and media heartland, Channel 4 has occupied since 1994 a distinctive, purpose-designed building on Horseferry Road, Westminster, designed by Richard Rogers Partnership with structural engineering by Ove Arup & Partners. Architecturally it follows on from, but is more restrained than, the Lloyd's building in the City of London, and was constructed from 1991–94.^[30] It was built on the former site of a Methodist teacher-training college, which occupied a neo-Gothic campus intermittently from its foundation in 1851 until World War II, when the buildings were badly damaged by an incendiary bomb. The College eventually moved to a purpose-built site in Oxford in 1959 and became Westminster College, Oxford. Channel 4 Building - Horseferry Road - London - England - photo by and copyright Tagishsimon - 31st May 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Channel 4 Building - Horseferry Road - London - England - photo by and copyright Tagishsimon - 31st May 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... For other BT Towers, see BT Tower (disambiguation). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The City of Westminster is a London borough with city status, situated to the west of the City of London and north of the River Thames. ... It has been suggested that Richard Rogers Partnership be merged into this article or section. ... Structural engineer is an individual who practices structural engineering. ... Arup is a worldwide engineering and design company. ... One of the stainless steel clad stair cases, and ducts on the outside of the Lloyds building Lloyds Building, City of London Lloydâ€™s Building (with the blue cranes), London The Lloyds building is the headquarters of the insurance institution Lloyds of London, located in the... The City of London is a geographically-small city within Greater London, England. ... For the Methodist school of ancient Greek medicine, see Methodism (history of medicine) Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Westminster College, Oxford was founded in 1851 in Horseferry Road, London, and originally specialised in the training of teachers for Methodist schools. ...

Regions

Channel 4 has, since its inception, broadcast identical programmes and continuity throughout the UK (excluding Wales where it does not operate on analogue transmitters). At launch this made it somewhat unique, as both the BBC and ITV had long established traditions of providing regional variations in their programming and announcements between transmitters in different areas of the country. In ITV's case, this was a consequence of its inherent federal structure (see ITV companies). Since the launch of subsequent British television channels, Channel 4 has become typical in its lack of variations of this nature. Continuity is a term used in broadcasting, especially in the United Kingdom, to refer to announcements, messages and graphics played by the broadcaster between specific programmes. ... Regional variations is a common term used in British television listings publications to show the different programmes broadcast in different areas of the country. ... It has been suggested that Channel 3 (UK) be merged into this article or section. ...

A few exceptions exist to this rule for programming and continuity: The Republic of Ireland has a dedicated variant broadcast on Sky Digital which omits programmes for which broadcast rights are not held in the republic^{[citation needed]}, whilst some schools' programming (1980s/early 90s) were regionalised due to differences in curricula between different regions of the UK.^[21] Sky Digital is the brand name for British Sky Broadcastings digital satellite television service, transmitted from SES Astra satellites located at 28. ...

Advertising on Channel 4 does contain regular variation: Prior to 1990 when ITV was responsible for Channel 4's advertising, each regional ITV company would provide the content of advertising breaks for the same transmitter area as that company provided for on ITV, and these breaks were often unique to that area. After Channel 4 became responsible for its own advertising, it continued to offer advertisers the ability to target particular audiences and divided its coverage area into six parts coining the term 'LEMNUS' standing for "London, The East [and South] of England, The Midlands, The North of England, Ulster and Scotland.^[31] At present, Wales does not have its own advertising region, instead its viewers receive the southern region on digital platforms intentionally broadcast to the area, or the neighbouring region where analogue transmissions spill over into Wales. The Republic of Ireland shares its advertising region with Northern Ireland (referred to by Channel 4 as the 'Ulster Macro') with many advertisers selling products for the republic here.^[32] E4 also has an advertising variant for the Republic^[32] Statistics Area: 24,481 kmÂ² Population (2006 estimate) 1,993,918 Ulster (Irish: CÃºige Uladh, IPA: ) forms one of the four traditional provinces of Ireland. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I... E4 is a British digital television channel launched as a pay-tv companion to Channel 4 on 18 January 2001. ...

The six regions are also carried on satellite, cable and Digital Terrestrial. Five and GMTV use a similar model to Channel 4 for providing their own advertising regions, despite also having a single national output of programming. Five (or five) is the fifth and final national analogue terrestrial TV channel to launch in the United Kingdom. ... GMTV (Good Morning Television) is a national British breakfast television station owned by ITV plc (75%) and The Walt Disney Company (25%). It has held the license for the breakfast Channel 3 franchise since 1993, when it outbid the previous 6am-9. ...

Annual Reports and Financial Statements

References

class="preview" id="pv565"> March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (89th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ...

Contents

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