| Cicero [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (6856 words) |
 | Marcus Tullius Cicero was born on January 3, 106 BC and was murdered on December 7, 43 BC. |
| During his term as consul (the highest Roman office) in 63 BC he was responsible for unraveling and exposing the conspiracy of Catiline, which aimed at taking over the Roman state by force, and five of the conspirators were put to death without trial on Cicero's orders. |
| This left him open to attacks by his enemies, and in January of 58 BC one of them, the tribune Clodius (a follower of Caesar's), proposed a law to be applied retroactively stating that anyone who killed a Roman citizen without trial would be stripped of their citizenship and forced into exile. |
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