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70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a high-resolution film stock, of superior quality to standard 35 mm motion picture film format. As used in camera, the film is 65 mm wide; for projection 2.5 mm are added along each outer side of the perforations for magnetic strips holding six tracks of surround sound, although in truth, the magnetic sound system is used now rarely. Each frame is five perforations tall, with an aspect ratio of 2.20. Movie film formats Amateur formats: 8 mm Single-8 Super 8 mm 9,5 mm film 17. ...
Surround sound is the concept of expanding the spatial imaging of audio playback from one dimension (mono/Left-Right) to two or three dimensions. ...
The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as x:y). For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1. ...
History
Film formats with a width of 70 mm have existed since the early days of the motion picture industry. The first 70 mm format was most likely footage of the Henley Regatta, which was projected in 1896 and 1897, but may have been filmed as early as 1894. It required a specially built projector built by Herman Casler in Canastota, New York and had a ratio similar to full frame, with an aperture of 2.75 inches by 2 inches. There were also several film formats of various sizes from 50 to 68 mm which were developed from 1884 onwards, including Cinéorama (not to be confused with the entirely distinct "Cinerama" format), started in 1900 by Raoul Grimoin-Sanson. Two other formats, Panoramica and 20th Century Fox's Grandeur, began distribution in 1929 and 1930, respectively. The original Cinerama system is a widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge, deeply-curved screen, subtending 146º of arc. ...
20th Century Fox logo Fox Plaza, the company headquarters. ...
The "Todd-AO" format, introduced in the 1950s, popularized the format for use in feature length films. Due to the costs of 70mm film and the expensive projection system and screen required to use the stock, distribution for films using the stock was limited, although this did not always hurt profits. Often, as in the case of 2001: A Space Odyssey, 70mm films were re-released on 35mm film for a wider distribution after the initial debut of the film. Todd-AO was a widescreen film format developed in the mid 1950s. ...
The advent of small multi-cinema theater venues, as the norm, and availability of digital soundtrack systems for less expensive 35 mm film led to a decline in use of this expensive format in the 1990s. Lawrence of Arabia is a well-known film , widely shown in 70 mm format; the clarity of its picture, and dramatic impact is apparent in theaters, though much less so on VHS or DVD, due to small home screen size. 35mm Kinoton movie projector in operation. ...
Simulated 35 mm film with soundtracks - The outermost strips (on either side) contain the SDDS soundtrack as an image of a digital signal. ...
Lawrence of Arabia is an Academy Award-winning film based with some licence, on the life of T. E. Lawrence, starring Peter OToole as the title character, directed by David Lean and produced by Sam Spiegel, from a script by Robert Bolt and Michael Wilson. ...
Top view VHS cassette with U.S. Quarter for scale Bottom view of VHS cassette with magnetic tape exposed The Video Home System, first released in September 1976, better known by its abbreviation VHS, is a recording and playing standard for video cassette recorders (VCRs), developed by JVC (with some...
It has been suggested that Dual layer recording be merged into this article or section. ...
Uses of 70mm
Special Effects Sometimes films, like Close Encounters of the Third Kind, will employ 65mm film stock for special effects sequences because the film quality does not visibly degrade when special effects are added in post production. This article is about the film; for the classification, see Close encounter. ...
IMAX A horizontal variant of 65 mm/70 mm, with an even bigger picture area, is used for the high-performance IMAX and Omnimax formats which are 15 perfs. x 70 mm. The Dynavision and Astrovision systems each use slightly less film per frame and vertical pulldown to save print costs while being able to project onto an IMAX screen. Both are rare, Astrovision more or less exclusively occupying Japanese planetariums. IMAX theatre at the Melbourne Museum complex. ...
IMAX (for Image Maximum) is a film projection system which has the capacity to display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film display systems. ...
A planetarium is a theater built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. ...
Recently, Hollywood has availed itself to the release of true "blockbusters" in an IMAX blow-up mode. Even 3D films are being shown in the 70 mm IMAX format. Polar Express in IMAX 3D 70 mm earned 14 times as much , per screen than the simultaneous 2D 35 mm release of that film in the fall of 2004. With the recent interest in 3D, some of the hundreds of existing 70 mm projectors may be used to show 3D on standard sized screens in mult-cinemas.
Blow-ups Starting in the late 1950s and continuing until the mid-1990s, many 35 mm films were converted onto 70 mm prints for premiere showings in large cities or venues which could accompany the format. This practice occured for two reasons: The larger image area on each frame of 70 mm film allowed for clearer, sharper, and steadier images on screen, and the six magnetic sound tracks available with 70 mm prints were vastly superior to the two-channel stereo sound tracks available on 35 mm prints. After the introduction of digital sound formats (DTS, SDDS, and Dolby Digital), 70 mm lost one of it's major advantages over 35 mm film. Additionally, 70 mm film is more expensive to print than 35mm film. As a result, a significantly lower number of 70 mm prints are struck today. Data Technology Services is a growing software company in the southeastern United States, specializing in banking software, most notably, Image Wizard. ...
The SDDS logotype. ...
Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies by Dolby Laboratories. ...
The use of 65 mm negative film has been drastically reduced in recent years due to it's higher cost. Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet was the last film shot entirely on 65 mm stock. Terrence Malick's The New World, the most recent film to use the format, used it sparingly - only in a handfull of scenes - because of the high price of 65 mm raw stock and processing. Kenneth Branagh Kenneth Charles Branagh (born December 10, 1960) is a versatile Emmy Award-winning Irish born British actor and film director. ...
Hamlet is a 1996 film version of William Shakespeares classic play of the same name, adapted and directed by Kenneth Branagh, who also starred in the title role. ...
Terrence Malick (born November 30, 1943, Waco, Texas) is an enigmatic American film director, screenwriter, and producer. ...
The New World is a 2005 Academy Award-nominated film directed by Terrence Malick and starring Colin Farrell. ...
Technical Specs
Standard 65 mm (5/70) (Todd-AO, Super Panavision) Todd-AO was a widescreen film format developed in the mid 1950s. ...
1958 Panavision releases Super Panavision Widescreen in theaters. ...
- spherical lenses
- 5 perforations per frame
- 12.8 frame/ft (42 frame/m)
- vertical pulldown
- 24 frames per second
- camera aperture: 2.066 by 0.906 in (52.48 by 23.01 mm)
- projection aperture: 1.912 by 0.816 in (48.56 by 20.73 mm)
- 1000 feet (305 m), about 9 minutes at 24 frame/s = 10 pounds (4.54 kg) in can
Showscan Same as Standard 65 mm except
IMAX (15/70) - spherical lenses
- 15 perforations per frame
- horizontal pulldown, from right to left (viewed from base side)
- 24 frames per second
- camera aperture: 2.772 by 2.072 in (70.41 by 52.63 mm)
- projection aperture: at least 0.80 in (20 mm) less than camera aperture on the vertical axis and at least 0.016 in (0.4 mm) less on the horizontal axis
Omnimax Same as IMAX except - special fisheye lenses
- lens optically centered 0.37 in (9 mm) above film horizontal center line
- projected elliptically on a dome screen, 20 degrees below and 110 degrees above perfectly centered viewers
Omnivision Cinema 180 same as standard 65/70 except: - photographed and projected with special fisheye lenses matched to large 180 degree dome screen
- Theatres upgraded from 70mm 6track analog sound to DTS digital sound in 1995.
Omnivision started in Sarasota Florida. Theatres were designed to compete with Omnimax but with much lower startup and operating costs. Most theatres were built in fabric domed structures designed by Siemens Corporation. Last known OmniVision Theatres to exist in USA are The Alaska Experience Theatre in Anchorage Alaska, built in 1981 and still operating in 2006, and the Hawaii Experience Theatre in Lahaina Hawaii (closed in 2004).
Dynavision (8/70) - fisheye or spherical lenses, depending on if projecting for a dome or not
- vertical pulldown
- 24 or 30 frames per second
- camera aperture: 2.080 by 1.480 in (52.83 by 37.59 mm)
Astrovision (10/70) - vertical pulldown
- normally printed from an Omnimax negative
- projected onto a dome
- almost exclusively in use only by Japanese planetariums
- the only 70 mm format without sound, hence the only with perforations next to the edges
See also The original Cinerama system is a widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge, deeply-curved screen, subtending 146º of arc. ...
Cine 160 is a 35 mm film projection process proposed by Allan Silliphant whereby a single frame of film would occupy a length of six film perforations. ...
The following Hollywood movies were filmed entirely in the 65/70mm format. ...
Ron Fricke is an American film director and cinematographer. ...
Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was a Jewish American film director and producer who is widely considered to have been one of the most innovative, talented, and influential filmmakers of the late 20th century. ...
Super Panavision 70 was the marketing brand used to identify movies photographed with Panavision 65mm cameras and spherical optics between 1959 and 1970. ...
Super Technirama 70 was the marketing name for films which were photographed in the 35mm 8-perf Technirama process and optically enlarged to 70mm 5-perf prints for exhibition. ...
Todd-AO was a widescreen film format developed in the mid 1950s. ...
UltraPanavision 70 was the marketing brand used to identify 65/70mm movies photographed with Panavision anamorphic optics between 1962 and 1970. ...
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