NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 90 mm gun

The American 90 mm family of powerful guns served as primary heavy anti-aircraft and anti-tank guns, playing a role similar to the renowned German 88 mm gun. They were the US's primary anti-aircraft guns from just prior to the opening of World War II into the 1950s when most AAA was replaced by missile systems. As a tank gun, it was the weapon featured on the 90mm Gun Motor Carriage M36 and Heavy Tank M26 Pershing, as well as a number of post-war tanks. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2542x1304, 1971 KB) American 90 mm M1 anti-aircraft gun, displayed on the grounds of CFB Borden (Base Borden Military Museum). ... Sherman tank displayed outdors in Worthington Tank Museum at CFB Borden Canadian Forces Base Borden (also CFB Borden or 16 Wing Borden) is a Canadian Forces Base located in Borden, Ontario. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging military aircraft in combat from the ground. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... A shell is a projectile, which, as opposed to a bullet, is not solid but contains an explosive or other filling, though modern usage includes large projectiles without a filling which are properly termed shot. ... The word calibre (British English) or caliber (American English) designates the interior diameter of a tube or the exterior diameter of a wire or rod. ... The Rate of fire is the speed at which a specific firearm or artillery piece can operate. ... A guns muzzle velocity is the speed at which the projectile leaves the muzzle of the gun. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ... Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... German 8. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian... M36 during the Battle of the Bulge in January, 1945 The Gun Motor Carriage M36 was an American tank destroyer in World War II. It was often referred to as the Jackson or Slugger. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ...

History

Prior to WWII, the primary US anti-aircraft gun was the 3-inch M1918 gun (76.2 mm L/50), a widely-used caliber for this sort of weapon. Similar weapons were in British, Soviet and other arsenals. There had been several upgrades to the weapon over its history, including the experimental T8 and T9 versions developed in the early 1930s that were intended to enter service later in the decade. The 3-inch M1917 was the USs first dedicated anti-aircraft gun, entering service during World War I. Only a few were built, as the similar 3-inch M1918 on a mobile mount was considered more useful and was produced in large numbers, only being replaced by the 90... State motto (Russian): ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ð»ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÑ… ÑÑ‚Ñ€Ð°Ð½, ÑÐ¾ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¹Ñ‚ÐµÑÑŒ! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area - Total - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 kmÂ² Approx. ...

However the Army became interested in a much more capable weapons instead, and on 9 June, 1938 they issued a development contract calling for two new guns, one of 90 mm which they felt was the largest possible size that was still capable of being manually loaded at high elevations, and another using assisted loading of 120 mm caliber. The new design seemed so much better than developments of the older 3-incher that work on the 3-inch T9 was canceled in 1938 just as it became production-ready. By 1940 the second development of the 90 mm design, the T2, was standardized as the 90 mm M1, while its larger cousin became the 120 mm M1 gun. June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... A 120 mm M1 anti-aircraft gun at Fort Meade in February 1953. ...

A few hundred M1's were completed when several improvements were added to produce the 90 mm M1A1, which entered production in late 1940 and was accepted as the standard on 22 May, 1941. The M1A1 included an improved mount and spring-rammer on the breach with the result that firing rates went up to 20 rounds per minute. Several thousand were available when the US entered in the war, and the M1A1 was their standard AA gun for the rest of the war. Production rates continued to improve, topping out in the low thousands per month. May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ...

Like the German 88, and the British QF 3.75 inch AA, the M1A1 found itself facing tanks in combat, but unlike the others it could not be depressed to fire against them. On 11 September, 1942 the Army issued specifications for a new mount to allow it to be used in this role, which resulted in the 90 mm M2, introducing yet another new mount that could be depressed to 10 degrees below horizontal and featured a new electrically-assisted rammer. It became the standard weapon from 13 May, 1943. QF 3. ... This article is about the date September 11 in general. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ...

AA operation

In AA use the guns were normally operated in groups of four, directed by the M7 or M5 Predictors. Radar direction was common, starting with the SCR-268 in 1941, which was not accurate enough to directly lay the guns, but provided accurate ranging throughout the engagement. For night-time use, a searchlight was slaved to the radar with a beam width set so that the target would be somewhere in the beam when it was turned on, at which point the engagement continued as in the day. In 1944 the system was dramatically upgraded with the addition of the SCR-584 microwave radar, which was accurate to about 0.06 degrees (1 mil) and provided automatic tracking as well. With the SCR-584, direction and range information was sent directly to the Bell Labs M9 predictor, which could direct and lay the guns automatically. All the operators had to do was load the guns. With the SCR-584 the 90 mm became arguably the best anti-aircraft weapon of the war. Image File history File links 90mm-aa-gun-okinawa. ... Image File history File links 90mm-aa-gun-okinawa. ... SCR-268 radar deployed on Guadalcanal in August of 1942. ... Edisons classical searchlight cart. ... Exterior view of the SCR-584. ... Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) was the main research and development arm of the United States Bell System. ...

Anti-tank developments

The M3 was also adapted as a main gun for various armored vehicles, starting with the experimental T7 which was accepted as the 90 mm M3. The test fire of the M3 took place on an 3in Gun Motor Carriage M10 in early 1943. Penetration tables showed it to be the most powerful AT gun in the Allied inventory (other than the US 155 mm). The gun was used on the 90mm Gun Motor Carriage M36 tank destroyer, and the Heavy Tank M26 Pershing. The M10 Gun Motor Carriage known as Wolverine in British service was a US tank destroyer of World War II. // Usage American doctrine planned for tank destroyers to engage enemy tanks while tanks were used principally to support infantry. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... M36 during the Battle of the Bulge in January, 1945 The Gun Motor Carriage M36 was an American tank destroyer in World War II. It was often referred to as the Jackson or Slugger. ... A self-propelled anti-tank gun, or tank destroyer, is a type of armoured fighting vehicle. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ...

A number of experimental versions were developed on the basic M3 pattern, including the T14 which included a standard muzzle brake, the T15 series with an improved muzzle velocity of about 975 meters per second, the even higher velocity T18, the T19 which was an attempt to reduce barrel wear, the T21 intended for wheeled vehicles, and the T22, which used the breech from the standard 105 mm M2 howitzer to take larger charge cartridges. None of these versions entered service. The muzzle brake of the 105 mm gun on an AMX 10 RC fighting vehicle. ... A guns muzzle velocity is the speed at which the projectile leaves the muzzle of the gun. ...

In the post-war era development of the T15 continued as the T54, which included the ability to fire tungsten-cored shells at much higher velocities. The T54 was the main armament of the M47 and M48 Patton tanks, and the M56 Scorpion anti-tank vehicle. General Name, Symbol, Number tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 6, d Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic mass 183. ... The M47, M48 and M60 Patton were the United States Armys principal tanks of the Korean and Vietnam Wars. ... The M56 Scorpion was an American military armoured vehicle. ...

Variants

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x624, 69 KB) Description: Members of the 68th Battalion, Division Artillery attached to the 1st ROK Div. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x624, 69 KB) Description: Members of the 68th Battalion, Division Artillery attached to the 1st ROK Div. ...

Towed anti-aircraft gun. Approved for service in 1940. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

M1A1

Towed anti-aircraft gun. Production began in 1940. Featured the M8A1 spring rammer. Rate of fire 20 rounds per minute. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

A complete redesign to make the gun dual role, functioning as an anti-tank gun as well as an anti-aircraft gun. The ammunition feed was upgraded and an automatic fuze setter/rammer the M20 was added. This enabled the rate of fire to reach up to 24 rounds per minute. Elevation was improved with the gun able to depress to −10 degrees. To protect the crew a large metal shield was added. The M2 was the standard weapon by May 13, 1943. From the march it could fire from its wheels in 3 minutes, and from a fully emplaced position in 7 minutes. In 1944 the weapon was enhanced with the addition of proximity fuzed shells. Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Look up Proximity fuze in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A proximity fuze (also called a VT fuze) is a fuze that is designed to detonate an explosive automatically when close enough to the target to destroy it. ...

A anti-tank version of the gun. It was used to equip the 90mm Gun Motor Carriage M36 and Heavy Tank M26 Pershing. It is also known as 90 mm L/50. Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... M36 during the Battle of the Bulge in January, 1945 The Gun Motor Carriage M36 was an American tank destroyer in World War II. It was often referred to as the Jackson or Slugger. ... The Heavy Tank M26 Pershing was an American tank used during World War II and the Korean War. ...

General characteristics (M1A1)

External links

Categories: World War II anti-aircraft guns | World War II anti-tank guns | Anti-aircraft guns of the United States | Anti-tank guns of the United States Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian... The M3 37 mm gun was an American anti-tank gun which was the standard anti-tank weapon of the US Army at the outbreak of the World War II. History In 1937 the US Army Ordnance Department began development of a lightweight anti-tank gun. ... A number of 75 mm guns were fielded for service by the United States in World War II, in both the Army and the Marine Corps. ... The 76 mm M1 Gun was a American Forces WWII-era tank gun, which replaced the 75 mm gun on late M4 Sherman tanks, and was equipped on all M18 Hellcat tank destroyers. ... The 3-inch M1917 was the USs first dedicated anti-aircraft gun, entering service during World War I. Only a few were built, as the similar 3-inch M1918 on a mobile mount was considered more useful and was produced in large numbers, only being replaced by the 90... A powerful American anti-tank and anti-aircraft gun similar to the renowned German 88. ... The M3 37 mm gun was an American anti-tank gun which was the standard anti-tank weapon of the US Army at the outbreak of the World War II. History In 1937 the US Army Ordnance Department began development of a lightweight anti-tank gun. ... Polish paratroopers (1st Independent Parachute Brigade) manhandling 6 pdr AT gun The Ordnance QF 6-pounder 7 cwt, or just 6 pdr, was a British 57 mm gun, their primary anti-tank gun during the middle of World War II. as well as the main armament for a number of... The 3-inch M1917 was the USs first dedicated anti-aircraft gun, entering service during World War I. Only a few were built, as the similar 3-inch M1918 on a mobile mount was considered more useful and was produced in large numbers, only being replaced by the 90... A number of 75 mm guns were fielded for service by the United States in World War II, in both the Army and the Marine Corps. ... The 105mm Howitzer M2A1(M101) was the standard medium field howitzer for the U.S. in World War two, seeing action in both European and Pacific theatres. ... The M3 howitzer was a U.S. light howitzer used during the Second World War. ... M114 155 mm howitzer Nationality United States Type Howitzer Date of design 1942 Caliber 155 mm Barrel length 3. ... M115 203 mm howitzer Nationality United States Type Howitzer Date of design 1939 Caliber 203 mm Barrel length 5. ... A number of 75 mm guns were fielded for service by the United States in World War II, in both the Army and the Marine Corps. ... Bofors 40mm/L60. ... The 3-inch M1917 was the USs first dedicated anti-aircraft gun, entering service during World War I. Only a few were built, as the similar 3-inch M1918 on a mobile mount was considered more useful and was produced in large numbers, only being replaced by the 90...

Contents

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