A Clockwork Orange
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Stanley Kubrick
Produced by	Stanley Kubrick
Written by	Anthony Burgess Stanley Kubrick
Starring	Malcolm McDowell
Music by	Wendy Carlos
Cinematography	John Alcott
Editing by	Bill Butler
Distributed by	Warner Bros.
Release date(s)	December 19, 1971
Running time	136 min.
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	$2.2 million
Gross revenue	$26,589,355
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

A Clockwork Orange is a 1971 satirical science fiction film adaptation of a 1962 novel of the same name, by Anthony Burgess. The adaptation was produced, written and directed by Stanley Kubrick. It stars Malcolm McDowell as the charismatic and psychopathic delinquent Alex DeLarge. A Clockwork Orange is a novel by Anthony Burgess Clockwork Orange can also refer to: A Clockwork Orange, a movie based on the novel Clockwork Orange, a song by techno group Lords of Acid Clockwork Orange is a nickname of the Glasgow Subway, the SPT metro line of Glasgow, Scotland. ... Image File history File links Clockwork_orangeA.jpg‎ movie poster Copyright: Warner Bros. ... Kubrick redirects here. ... Kubrick redirects here. ... Anthony Burgess (February 25, 1917 – November 22, 1993) was a British novelist, critic and composer. ... Kubrick redirects here. ... Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14, 1939) is an American composer and electronic musician. ... John Alcott (1931-1986) was an Oscar winning cienmatographer best known for his four collaborations with director Stanley Kubrick: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), for which he took over as lighting camerman from Geoffrey Unsworth in mid-shoot, A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), the film for which he... Bill Butler (born March 30, 1956) is a Scottish Labour Party politician and former teacher. ... “WB” redirects here. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... See also: 1970 in film 1971 1972 in film 1970s in film years in film film // Events February 8 - Bob Dylans hour long documentary film, Eat the Document, premieres at New Yorks Academy of Music. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... See also: 1970 in film 1971 1972 in film 1970s in film years in film film // Events February 8 - Bob Dylans hour long documentary film, Eat the Document, premieres at New Yorks Academy of Music. ... Satire is a literary technique of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject (individuals, organizations, states) often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a feature film. ... Clockwork Orange redirects here. ... Anthony Burgess (February 25, 1917 – November 22, 1993) was a British novelist, critic and composer. ... Kubrick redirects here. ... Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... Jesus is considered by historians such as Weber to be an example of a charismatic religious leader; The sociologist Max Weber defined charismatic authority as resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns or order revealed or ordained... This article is about psychological theories of psychopathy. ... Alex DeLarge is a fictional character in Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange and the movie adaptation, in which he is played by Malcolm McDowell. ...

A Clockwork Orange features disturbing, violent imagery to facilitate social commentary on psychiatry, youth gangs, and other topics in a futuristic dystopian society. The film features a soundtrack comprising mostly classical music selections and Moog synthesizer compositions by Wendy Carlos. A dystopia (or alternatively cacotopia) is a fictional society, usually portrayed as existing in a future time, when the conditions of life are extremely bad due to deprivation, oppression, or terror. ... The term Moog(pronounced // as in moan) synthesizer can refer to any number of analog synthesizers designed by Dr. Robert Moog or manufactured by Moog Music, and is commonly used as a generic term for analog and digital music synthesisers. ... Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14, 1939) is an American composer and electronic musician. ...

Plot

Set in a dystopian England, the film follows the life of a young man named Alex DeLarge, whose pleasures are classical music (most especially Beethoven), rape, and ultraviolence. He is leader of a small gang of thugs (Pete, Georgie and Dim), whom he refers to as his "droogs" (from the Russian word друг meaning "friend" or "buddy"). Alex narrates most of the film in "Nadsat"; the fractured, contemporary adolescent argot comprising Slavic (especially Russian), English, and Cockney rhyming slang. Alex is irreverent and abusive of others; he lies to his parents to skip school and has an expensive stereo sound deck blasting a classics recordings collection. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Alex DeLarge is a fictional character in Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange and the movie adaptation, in which he is played by Malcolm McDowell. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... “Beethoven” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Ultraviolence (disambiguation). ... Look up thug in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Nadsat is a constructed slang dialect of English with many Russian influences invented by the linguist, novelist, and composer Anthony Burgess. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Cockney rhyming slang is a form of English slang which originated in the East End of London. ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the present. ...

After drinking narcotic-laden milk at the Korova Milk Bar, Alex and his droogs ridicule and beat an old drunken vagrant under a motorway flyover. They then proceed to a run-down theater, where a rival gang led by Billy Boy are about to rape a young girl. A fight between the two gangs ensues; Alex and his droogs emerge victorious and leave before the police arrive. Alex (with the gang) steals a "Durango 95" sports car (which is actually an Adams Probe 16^[1]) for a reckless drive into the countryside. They then perpetrate a home invasion, beating a reclusive writer named Frank Alexander and raping his wife while singing and dancing to "Singin' in the Rain." Afterwards, back at the Korova, there is a brief bit of tension among the four when Alex strikes Dim for ridiculing a woman as she sings a Beethoven work. The Korova Milk Bar (korova is Russian for cow) appears in the novel and film A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess, twisting the milk bar into a sinister place. ... Home invasion is the crime of entering a private and occupied dwelling, with the intent of committing a crime, often while threatening the resident of the dwelling. ... Gene Kelly performing in Singin in the Rain For other meanings, see Singin in the Rain. ...

While skipping school for the day, Alex picks up two teenyboppers in a record shop, takes them home, and engages in a threesome with them (comedically shown in extreme fast-motion) to the strains of the William Tell Overture. (In 1971, there was journalistic controversy about whether this scene constituted "obscenity" or not.^{[citation needed]}) The earlier tension within the group deepens when Alex learns that his droogs, particularly Georgie and Dim, are no longer fully satisfied with him as their leader. Although he is slightly threatened, he deals with the problem by kicking these two into a decorative urban pool as they walk along the "flat block marina" and slashing the back of Dim's hand, demonstrating his leadership and unwillingness to be overthrown. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The overture to the opera William Tell, especially its high-energy finale, is a very familiar work composed by Gioacchino Rossini. ... Obscenity in Latin obscenus, meaning foul, repulsive, detestable, (possibly derived from ob caenum, literally from filth). The term is most often used in a legal context to describe expressions (words, images, actions) that offend the prevalent sexual morality of the time. ...

That night, the gang perpetrates another home invasion. Alex breaks into a woman's house and uses a phallic sculpture to bludgeon the owner, knocking her unconscious. Opening the front door, he finds himself facing his three mutinous droogs; Dim smashes a milk bottle into his face, blinding him briefly, and he is left to be arrested by the police. While under interrogation, he learns that his robbery victim has died, thus making him a murderer. He is sentenced to 14 years in prison. This article is about the symbol of the erect penis. ...

After serving two years and gaining the favor of the prison chaplain, he is offered a chance at parole if he submits to the Ludovico technique, an experimental aversion therapy developed by the government to solve societal crime. The technique involves being exposed to extreme depictions of on-screen violence under the influence of a nausea-inducing drug. Alex is unable to look away from the screen and has his head held immobile and each of his eyes held open by small specula. Consequently, Alex is rendered incapable of violence, even in self-defense, and also incapable of touching a naked woman during a test of the technique. In an unintended side effect, the technique has also rendered him unable to listen to Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, the background score used in one of the violent films. The scientist-doctors apologize for this coincidence, suggesting to each other that the music can be used as an element of punishment. A chaplain in the 45th Infantry Division leads a Christmas Day service in Italy, 1943. ... // The Ludovico technique is a fictitious drug-assisted aversion therapy from the novel and film A Clockwork Orange. ... Aversion therapy is a form of psychiatric or psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. ... For other uses, see Violence (disambiguation). ... Two varieties of 19th-century speculums. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the composition. ...

Once Alex has successfully completed the therapy, he returns home, joyful at the thought of starting afresh. However, he is unpleasantly surprised by the discovery that his parents have rented out his room to a new young man, essentially "replacing" their son. With no place to go, stripped of the ability to fight back, Alex despondently wanders London. He soon encounters the vagrant from the beginning, who quickly recognizes him and attacks Alex with his street friends. The two policemen who arrive to break up the scene are revealed to be two of his former droogs, Georgie and Dim. They take him into the outskirts of town, where they beat him savagely and half-drown him in a water trough.

Alex stumbles through the woods and unwittingly arrives upon the house of Frank Alexander, whose wife he had raped earlier in the film. Mr. Alexander was apparently crippled in the initial assault and is now confined to a wheelchair; his wife is now deceased, due to an illness he blames on the rape. Since Alex was wearing a mask during the earlier assault, Mr. Alexander does not recognize him. However, he does recognize Alex's case from the newspapers, and takes him in, with the intention of using him as a political tool to shame the government. Mr. Alexander soon learns who he is dealing with upon hearing Alex sing "Singin' in the Rain" while in the bath. Subsequently, he drugs Alex and attempts to drive him insane with an electronic version of the Ninth Symphony (Second Movement) played at full volume below Alex's locked bedroom. The boy attempts suicide by jumping out a window, but survives. For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ...

During his long recovery in the hospital, Alex is visited by his parents, whom he sullenly turns away. He also talks with one of the staff doctors, describing half-remembered dreams of people "messing about with me gulliver (Nadsat for 'head')". It is unclear if Alex is remembering his old treatment, or is undergoing new treatment to turn him back to what he was. Soon he is visited by the Minister of the Interior, who earlier had personally selected Alex for the Ludovico treatment. He apologizes to Alex for the treatment's consequences, saying he was only following his staff's recommendations. The government has promised Alex a job if he agrees to campaign on behalf of the ruling political party, whose public image has been severely damaged by Alex's attempted suicide. The Interior Minister is a member of a Cabinet in a Government. ...

As the room fills with reporters and photographers, the Minister brings in an enormous stereo playing the Ninth Symphony's finale (Fourth Movement). Alex's mind slowly drifts away to the strains of the music, and he has a vision of himself copulating with a woman in the snow, while a crowd of people dressed in Victorian clothing observe and applaud. The film's final line indicates that the effects of the Ludovico technique have been fully reversed, restoring his freedom of choice: "I was cured all right."

Cast

• Malcolm McDowell as Alex DeLarge
• Warren Clarke as Dim
• James Marcus as Georgie
• Patrick Magee as Frank Alexander
• Adrienne Corri as Mrs. Alexander
• Michael Bates as Chief Guard
• John Clive as Stage Actor
• Aubrey Morris as Mr. P.R. Deltoid
• David Prowse as Julian

Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... Alex DeLarge is a fictional character in Anthony Burgess novel A Clockwork Orange and the movie adaptation, in which he is played by Malcolm McDowell. ... Warren Clarke (b. ... James Marcus (born 1942) is an English actor. ... Patrick Magee (31 March 1922 – 14 August 1982) was a Tony Award winning Irish actor best known for his collaborations with Samuel Beckett and his role as the victimised writer Mr. ... Adrienne Corri (born on 13 November 1933 in Glasgow, Scotland) is an actress of Italian parentage. ... Michael Bates (December 4, 1920 – January 11, 1978) was a British actor born in Jhansi, British India (now in Uttar Pradesh). ... John Clive (born 6 January 1938 in London, England) is a British actor. ... Aubrey Morris (born 1926) is a British actor, originally from Hampshire. ... David Dave Prowse, MBE (born July 1, 1935 in Bristol, United Kingdom) is an English body-builder, weightlifter and actor, most widely known for his role as the physical form of Darth Vader. ...

Production

During the filming of the Ludovico scene, Malcolm McDowell scratched a cornea and was temporarily blinded. The doctor standing next to him in the scene dropping saline solution into Alex's forced-open eyes was not just there for filming purposes, but was a real doctor needed to prevent McDowell's eyes from drying. McDowell also suffered cracked ribs during filming of the humiliation stage show and nearly drowned when his breathing apparatus failed while being held underwater in the trough scene. // The Ludovico technique is a fictitious drug-assisted aversion therapy from the novel and film A Clockwork Orange. ... Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, providing most of an eyes optical power [1]. Together with the lens, the cornea refracts light and, as a result, helps the eye to focus. ...

When Alex jumps out of the window to try to end his torment, the viewer sees the ground coming toward the camera until they collide. This effect was achieved by dropping a portable camera from two or three stories up, lens pointing downward, thus presenting a realistic sense of what such a fall could be like (although the way Alex (either McDowell or a stuntman) jumped, he actually would have landed on his back, presumably into a net). Reportedly the camera sustained lens damage but it was otherwise still functional. Look up defenestration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Special effects (abbreviated SPFX or SFX) are used in the film, television, and entertainment industry to create effects that cannot be achieved by normal means, such as depicting travel to other star systems. ...

Direction

Director Stanley Kubrick was a notorious perfectionist, and so he demanded many takes during the making of his films. In the words of actor Malcolm McDowell, however, he usually got it right, so Kubrick did not have to do too many takes. Despite his perfectionism Kubrick was able to complete filming between September 1970 and its wrap on April 20, 1971, making it his fastest produced film. Kubrick wanted to give the film a dream-like, fantasy quality, and filmed many scenes with fisheye lenses. He also used fast and slow motion after being influenced by certain scenes in Toshio Matsumoto's Funeral Parade of Roses.^{[citation needed]} Kubrick redirects here. ... Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Fisheye 15 mm (type: equisolid angle), 35 mm-film, cropped by slide-frame. ... Funeral Parade of Roses ) is a 1969 Japanese film directed by Toshio Matsumoto. ...

Locations

A Clockwork Orange was shot almost entirely on location in and around London with comparatively little of the film filmed in a studio.

• The scene where the tramp is attacked was filmed at an underpass near Wandsworth Bridge roundabout, London.
• The Billyboy gang fight takes place at the now-demolished theatre, Taggs Island, Kingston upon Thames.
• Alex's apartment is in Borehamwood.
• The house where the writer was attacked and his wife raped was filmed in a house called Skybreak in The Warren, Radlett, Hertfordshire. The house was designed by Sir Norman Foster and Wendy Foster with Sir Richard Rogers.
• The scene where Alex throws Dim and Georgie into water takes place at the Thamesmead South Housing Estate in London.
• The house where Alex is caught by the police is Shenley Lodge in Hertfordshire at Blackhorse Lane.
• The prison exterior is HMP Winchester. The interior scenes were filmed at Woolwich Barracks.
• The Ludovico center was filmed at Brunel University
• Alex's suicide leap was from the Edgewarebury Country Club, Elstree.^[2]

This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Kingston upon Thames, part of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, is an ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned, and is now a lively suburb of London. ... , Borehamwood (sometimes referred to as Boreham Wood) is a town in southern Hertfordshire, just north of London. ... , Radlett is a small town located north of London in the county of Hertfordshire between St Albans and Elstree on Watling Street with a population of approximately 8,000. ... For the similarly named county in the West Midlands region, see Herefordshire. ... The Armadillo, Sir Norman Fosters Clyde Auditorium in Glasgow Norman Robert Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank OM Kt (born June 1, 1935) is a British architect. ... Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... , Thamesmead is a new town in London built on the southern bank of the River Thames, 9. ... Shenley (which consists of the villages/areas named Shenley Wood, Shenley Lodge, Shenley Brook End, Shenley Dens, Shenley Hill and Shenley Church End) is one of the parts of Buckinghamshire that went to make up the new city of Milton Keynes in the 1960s. ... The Royal Artillery Barracks in 1900 The Royal Artillery Barracks in 2005. ... Statue of Brunel at the University Brunel University is a university situated in West London, England. ... Elstree is a small village in Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire on the A5, north of London. ...

Reception

The film was positively received and was nominated for important awards including 4 Oscar nominations (see below). The film received an 90% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. However some critics had mixed opinions, with Roger Ebert giving the film 2 stars and calling it an "ideological mess".^[3] Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Roger Joseph Ebert (born June 18, 1942) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic. ...

Responses and controversy

The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture (it lost to The French Connection) and reinvigorated sales for recordings of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. It also caused considerable controversy (see below) and was withdrawn from release in the UK. By the time of its re-release in the year 2000, it had already gained a reputation as a cult classic. It was recently placed at number 21 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills and number 46 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies, though in the second listing it ranked in 70th place. Alex De Large was placed at number 12 in the villain section of the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains list. In 2008, the film was placed as the 4th greatest Science-Fiction movie to date, in AFI's 10 Top 10 ©A.M.P.A.S.® The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to artists working in the motion picture industry. ... The French Connection is a 1971 Hollywood crime film directed by William Friedkin. ... The 100 most heart-pounding American films as described by the AFI on the evening of June 12, 2001. ... The first of the AFI 100 Years. ... AFI’s 100 Years. ... // AFIs 100 Years. ...

United States censorship

The film was rated X on its original release in the United States. Later, Kubrick voluntarily replaced roughly 30 seconds of footage from two scenes with less bawdy action for a 1973 re-release, rated R. It is a common myth that only the R-rated version can be seen nowadays, but in fact the opposite is true: all DVDs present the original X-rated form, and only some of the early 80s VHS editions are in the R-rated form.^[4] X-rated, X certificate, X classification or similar terms are labels for movies implying strong adult content, typically pornography or violence. ... The MPAA film rating system is a system used in the United States and instituted by the Motion Picture Association of America to rate a movie based on its content. ... DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - see Etymology) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ... Bottom view of VHS cassette with magnetic tape exposed Top view of VHS cassette with front casing removed The Video Home System, better known by its abbreviation VHS, is a recording and playing standard. ...

The film was rated C (for "condemned") by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office for Film and Broadcasting because of its explicit sexual and violent content; such a rating conceptually forbade Catholics from seeing the film. The "condemned" rating was abolished in 1982, and since then films deemed by the conference to have unacceptable levels of sex and/or violence have been rated O, meaning "morally offensive". The Office for Film and Broadcasting of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops maintains a motion picture rating system . ...

British withdrawal

In the United Kingdom, the sexual violence in the film was considered extreme. Furthermore, it was claimed that the film had inspired copycat behavior. In March 1972, a prosecutor at a trial of a 14-year-old boy accused of the manslaughter of one of his classmates referred to A Clockwork Orange, telling the judge that the case had a macabre relevance to the film.^[5] For the domesticated crop plant called rape, see rapeseed. ... The term copycat (also written as copy-cat or copy cat) refers to the tendency of humans to duplicate the behavior of others, as expressed in the saying, monkey see, monkey do. ...

The attacker, a boy aged 16 from Bletchley, pleaded guilty after telling police that his friends had told him of the film "and the beating up of an old boy like this one"; defence counsel told the trial "the link between this crime and sensational literature, particularly A Clockwork Orange, is established beyond reasonable doubt".^[6] The press also blamed the influence of the film for a rape in which the attackers sang "Singin' in the Rain". Kubrick subsequently requested that Warner Brothers withdraw the film from UK distribution. Bletchley is the name of more than one place. ... Gene Kelly performing in Singin in the Rain For other meanings, see Singin in the Rain. ...

At the time, it was widely believed that the copycat attacks were what led Kubrick to withdraw the film from distribution in the United Kingdom. However, in a television documentary made after Kubrick's death, his widow Christiane confirmed rumours that Kubrick had withdrawn A Clockwork Orange on police advice after threats were made against Kubrick and his family (the source of the threats was not discussed). That Warner Bros. acceded to Kubrick's request to withdraw the film is an indication of the remarkable relationship Kubrick had with the studio, particularly the executive Terry Semel. “WB” redirects here. ... Terry Semel (born on February 24, 1943 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.) was the chairman and CEO of Yahoo! Incorporated. ...

The ban was vigorously pursued during Kubrick's lifetime. One art house cinema that defied the ban in 1993, and was sued and lost, was the Scala cinema at Kings Cross, London, on the same premises as the present-day Scala nightclub. Unable to meet the cost of the defence, the cinema club was forced into receivership. ^[7] See also Kings Cross for disambiguation Kings Cross is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Camden 1. ... Scala is a nightclub in London, England, near Kings Cross train station. ... Administrative Receivership is when an Official Receiver is put into a company to secure the assets. ...

Whatever the reason for the film's withdrawal, it could not easily be seen in the United Kingdom for some 27 years. The first VHS and DVD releases followed shortly after Kubrick's death. It was also shown in many UK cinemas.

Awards and nominations

The film was nominated for 4 Academy Awards. However, The French Connection won in all these categories for that year: Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... The French Connection is a 1971 Hollywood crime film directed by William Friedkin. ...

• Best Director (Stanley Kubrick)
• Best Film Editing (Bill Butler)
• Best Picture (Stanley Kubrick, producer)
• Best Adapted Screenplay (Stanley Kubrick)

• BAFTA Awards

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Nominated The Academy Award for Directing is one of the awards given to directors working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ... The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934. ... Bill Butler (born March 30, 1956) is a Scottish Labour Party politician and former teacher. ... ©A.M.P.A.S.® The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to artists working in the motion picture industry. ... The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States. ... The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organization that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, childrens film and television, and interactive media. ...

• BAFTA Film Award Best Art Direction

John Barry People called John Barry include: John Barry (1745-1803), an officer in the Continental Navy. ...

Best Cinematography John Alcott John Alcott (1931-1986) was an Oscar winning cienmatographer best known for his four collaborations with director Stanley Kubrick: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), for which he took over as lighting camerman from Geoffrey Unsworth in mid-shoot, A Clockwork Orange (1971), Barry Lyndon (1975), the film for which he...

Best Direction Stanley Kubrick

Best Film

Best Film Editing William Butler

Best Screenplay Stanley Kubrick

Best Sound Track Brian Blamey John Jordan Bill Rowe

• Directors Guild of America, USA

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Nominated DGA Award Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Stanley Kubrick

• Golden Globes, USA

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Nominated Golden Globe Best Director - Motion Picture Stanley Kubrick The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. ...

Best Motion Picture - Drama

Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama Malcolm McDowell Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ...

• Hugo Awards

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 ****Won Hugo Best Dramatic Presentation**** The Hugo Award is given every year for the best science fiction or fantasy stories of the previous year, and for related areas in fandom, art and dramatic presentation. ...

• Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Won Silver Ribbon Best Director - Foreign Film (Regista del Miglior Film Straniero) Stanley Kubrick **********

• Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Won KCFCC Award Best Film *********

• New York Film Critics Circle Awards

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1971 Won NYFCC Award Best Director ******** Stanley Kubrick New York Film Critics Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City-based publications. ...

Best Film

• Writers Guild of America, USA

Year Result Award Category/Recipient(s) 1972 Nominated WGA Award (Screen) Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium Stanley Kubrick The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ...

Themes

Morality

One of the film's central moral questions – as well as in many of Burgess's other books – is the definition of "goodness". After aversion therapy, Alex behaves like a good member of society, but not by choice; his "goodness" is involuntary and mechanical, like that of the titular clockwork orange. In prison, the chaplain criticises the Ludovico Technique, saying that true goodness must come from within. Another theme is the abuse of one's liberties – both by Alex and by those using him for their various ends. The film is also critical of both parties using Alex as a tool to those ends: Frank Alexander, writer and victim of Alex and the droogs, not only wants revenge over Alex, but sees him as a means to definitively turn the people against the government and its new regime – Mr. Alexander is afraid of this new government. Speaking on the phone, he says: Ethics is a general term for what is often described as the science (study) of morality. In philosophy, ethical behavior is that which is good or right. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... A chaplain in the 45th Infantry Division leads a Christmas Day service in Italy, 1943. ...

…Recruiting brutal young roughs into the police; proposing debilitating and will-sapping techniques of conditioning. Oh, we’ve seen it all before in other countries; the thin end of the wedge! Before we know where we are, we will have the full apparatus of totalitarianism.

On the other side, the Minister of the Interior, representing the government, puts Mr. Alexander away, using the excuse of him being a danger to Alex. Whether he has been harmed or not remains unclear, but from what the Minister tells Alex, it is obvious that the author has been denied his ability to write and, more importantly, to produce "subversive" material, critical of the current government and prone to cause unrest.

Psychology

Another central theme is outrage against behavioral psychology (popular throughout the 1940s through the 1960s), as propounded by psychologists John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. Burgess disapproved of behaviorism, calling Skinner's most popular book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, "one of the most dangerous books ever written".^[8] Although Watson conceded behaviorism's limitations, Skinner argued that behavior modification (learning techniques of systematic reward and punishment) is the key to an ideal society (see Walden Two). Dr. Ludovico's technique, which is highly reminiscent of the notorious Project MKULTRA, is the form of behavior modification the scientists applied to Alex to condition associating violent acts with a sensation of severe physical illness, thereby preventing him from being violent. This film embodies a mistrust of behaviorism, especially the perceived dehumanization and lack of choice associated with behavior modification methods. Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior is interesting and worthy of scientific research. ... John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878–September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism, after doing research on animal behavior. ... Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), Ph. ... Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971). ... Behavior modification is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to improve behavior, such as altering an individuals behaviors and reactions to stimuli through positive and negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior and/or the reduction of maladaptive behavior through positive and negative punishment. ... Walden Two (1948) is a novel by B.F. Skinner which described a fictional utopia in which a thousand people have obtained a good life modeled after Thoreaus experiment in living near Walden pond. ... MKULTRA redirects here. ... Cognitive liberty is the freedom to be the absolute sovereign of one’s own consciousness. ...

Belgian cinema writer Anthony Bochon points out the criminological question underlying the Ludovico treatment. He describes the quality of the film description of the Ludovico treatment as "a problem of integrating the bad, the criminal, who is rejecting human dignity, into Humanity itself. Kubrick didn't make an apology of some fascist practices but simply brought his vision of the future of our society and how violence is fed by our society"^[9].

Adaptation

Kubrick's film is relatively faithful to Burgess's novel, omitting only the final, positive chapter in which Alex matures and outgrows sociopathy. The film ends with Alex offered an open-ended government job, implying that Alex remains a sociopath at heart, while the novel ends with Alex's positive change. This plot discrepancy occurred because Kubrick based his screenplay upon the novel's American edition, its final chapter deleted on insistence of the American publisher.^[10] Director Kubrick claimed not having read the complete, original version of the novel until he had almost finished writing the screenplay, and that he never considered using it. In the introduction of the 1996 edition of the novel, it is said that Kubrick found the end of the original edition too blandly optimistic and unrealistic. This article is about psychological theories of psychopathy. ...

Some other notable differences:

Alex and his droogs are a few years older in the movie than in the book, and the two 10-year-old girls Alex raped in the novel are likewise several years older, and the sex consensual, in the analogous scene in the movie. Instead of former enemy Billyboy becoming Dim's police partner, it's fellow former droog Georgie.

DVD releases

In 2000, the film was released on videotape and DVD, both individually and as part of The Stanley Kubrick Collection DVD set. Consequent to negative comments from fans, Warner Bros re-released the film, its image digitally restored and its soundtrack remastered. A limited-edition collector's set with a soundtrack disc, movie poster, booklet and film strip followed, but later was discontinued. In 2005, a UK re-release, packaged as an "Iconic Film" in a limited-edition slipcase was published, identical to the remastered DVD set, except for different package cover art. In 2006, Warner Bros announced the September publication of a two-disc special edition featuring a Malcolm McDowell commentary, and the releases of other two-disc sets of Stanley Kubrick films. Several UK retailers had set the release date as November 6, 2006; the release was delayed and re-announced for 2007 Holiday Season. An HD DVD, Blu-ray, and DVD re-release version of the film was released on October 23rd, 2007. The release accompanies four other Kubrick classics. 1080p video transfers and remixed Dolby TrueHD 5.1 (for HD DVD) and uncompressed 5.1 PCM (for Blu-ray) audio tracks are on both the Blu-ray and HD DVD editions. Unlike the previous version, the DVD re-release edition is anamorphically enhanced. is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... HD-DVD disc HD DVD (for High Density Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical media format which is being developed as one standard for high-definition DVD. HD DVD is similar to the competing Blu-ray Disc, which also uses the same CD sized (120 mm diameter) optical data... Blu-ray discs Blu-ray Disc is a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by a group of leading consumer electronics and PC companies called the Blu_ray Disc Association (BDA), which succeeds the Blu_ray Disc Founders (BDF). ... DVD (also known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc - see Etymology) is a popular optical disc storage media format. ...

Anthony Burgess's response

Burgess had mixed feelings about the film adaptation of his novel. Publicly, he loved Malcolm McDowell and Michael Bates, and its use of music; he praised the film as "brilliant," even as a film so brilliant that it could be dangerous. His initial reaction to the film was very enthusiastic, insisting that the only thing that bothered him was the removal of the story's last chapter, for which he blamed his American publisher and not Kubrick. Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... Michael Bates (December 4, 1920 – January 11, 1978) was a British actor born in Jhansi, British India (now in Uttar Pradesh). ...

According to his autobiography, Burgess got along quite well with Kubrick. Both men held similar philosophic and political views; both were very interested in literature, cinema, music, and Napoleon Bonaparte (Burgess dedicated his book Napoleon Symphony to Kubrick). However their relationship was soured when Kubrick left it to Burgess to defend the film from accusations of glorifying violence. As a (lapsed) Catholic, Burgess tried many times to explain the story's Christian moral points to outraged Christian organisations who felt it a Satanic social influence; to defend it against journalistic accusations that it supported "fascist" dogma; and Burgess even received awards for Kubrick. German edition (Klett-Cotta, 1982) Napoleon Symphony: A Novel in Four Movements (ISBN 0-224-01009-3) is Anthony Burgesss fictional recreation of the life and world of Napoleon Bonaparte, which he said he found elephantine fun to write. ...

Burgess was deeply hurt, feeling Kubrick had used him as a film publicity pawn. Malcolm McDowell, who did a publicity tour with Burgess, shared his feelings, and at times said harsh things about Kubrick. Burgess and McDowell cited as evidence of Kubrick's uncontrolled ego that only Kubrick's name appears in the authorial opening credits. Burgess spoofed Kubrick's image in later works: the musical version of A Clockwork Orange, featuring a character resembling Kubrick who is beaten early in the work; The Clockwork Testament, wherein the fictional poet FX Enderby is attacked for supposedly glorifying violence in a film adaptation; and Burgess's novel Earthly Powers, which features a crafty director named Zabrick. Malcolm McDowell (born 13 June 1943) is a British actor. ... Clockwork Orange redirects here. ... The Clockwork Testament is a novella by the British author Anthony Burgess. ... Earthly Powers is a panoramic saga of the 20th century by Anthony Burgess first published in 1980. ...

Soundtrack

The film's soundtrack comprises classical music and electronic synthetic music composed by Wendy Carlos (credited at the time to Walter Carlos). Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14, 1939) is an American composer and electronic musician. ...

Some of the pieces of classical music excerpted make only the briefest appearance in the film, a case in point being the "Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1" theme better known as "Land of Hope and Glory", which is used in highly ironic fashion to herald the appearance of a politician in the prison, and is not heard again. The Pomp and Circumstance Marches, op. ... Land of Hope and Glory is an English patriotic song. ...

The main theme is an electronic transcription of Henry Purcell's Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary, composed in 1695 for the procession of Queen Mary's cortège through the streets of London enroute to Westminster Abbey. Henry Purcell Henry Purcell (IPA: ;[1] September 10 (?),[2], 1659–November 21, 1695), was an English Baroque composer. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scots (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ...

The film's music can be interpreted as a thematic extension of Alex's psychological conditioning, affecting the viewers.

Track listing

1. "Title Music from A Clockwork Orange"^[2], Wendy Carlos
2. "The Thieving Magpie (Rossini, Abridged)", A Deutsche Grammophon Recording
3. "Theme from A Clockwork Orange (Beethoviana)", Wendy Carlos
4. "Ninth Symphony, Second Movement (Abridged)", A Deutsche Grammophon Recording, probably the one conducted by Ferenc Fricsay.
5. "March from A Clockwork Orange (Ninth Symphony, Fourth Movement, Abridged)", Wendy Carlos and Rachel Elkind
6. "William Tell Overture (Rossini, Abridged)", Wendy Carlos
7. "Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1", Sir Edward Elgar
8. "Pomp and Circumstance March No. IV (Abridged)", Sir Edward Elgar
9. "Timesteps (Excerpt)", Wendy Carlos
10. "Overture to the Sun", Terry Tucker (instrumental from the 1969 album of her group, "Sunforest")
11. "I Want to Marry a Lighthouse Keeper", Erika Eigen (from the 1969 album of her group, "Sunforest" - movie version is somewhat different from soundtrack)
12. "William Tell Overture (Abridged)", A Deutsche Grammophon Recording
13. "Suicide Scherzo (Ninth Symphony, Second Movement, Abridged)", Wendy Carlos
14. "Ninth Symphony, Fourth Movement, (Abridged)", A Deutsche Grammophon Recording (Von Karajan, 1963, uncredited)
15. "Singin' in the Rain", Gene Kelly, lyrics by Arthur Freed, music by Nacio Herb Brown.

Three months after the official soundtrack's release, composer Wendy Carlos released a second version of the soundtrack (Columbia KC 31480) containing unused cues and musical elements unheard in the film. For example, Kubrick only used part of "Timesteps", and a shortened version of the synthesiser transcription of the Ninth Symphony's Scherzo. Additionally, this second soundtrack LP contained a synthesiser version of Rossini's "La Gazza Ladra"; Kubrick used an orchestral performance in the film's soundtrack. In 1998, an edition of the soundtrack containing digitally-remastered tracks of the synthesiser music was released. It contains Carlos's compositions, including those unused in the film, and the "Biblical Daydreams" and "Orange Minuet" cues unincluded in the 1972 soundtrack LP record. Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14, 1939) is an American composer and electronic musician. ... La gazza ladra, otherwise known as The Thieving Magpie, is an opera and overture by Gioacchino Rossini. ... Portrait Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (February 29, 1792 – November 13, 1868)[1] was an Italian musical composer who wrote more than 30 operas as well as sacred music and chamber music. ... Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical record label. ... Ferenc Fricsay (1914 - 20 February 1963) was a Hungarian conductor. ... Sir Edward Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, OM, GCVO (2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English Romantic composer. ... Herbert von Karajan (April 5, 1908 – July 16, 1989) was an Austrian orchestra and opera conductor, one of the most renowned 20th century conductors. ... For the similarly-named American actress, see Jean Kelly. ... Arthur Freed (September 9, 1894 - April 12, 1973) was born Arthur Grossman in Down Ton Ton Village. ... Nacio Herb Brown (22 February 1896 - 28 September 1964) was a United States songwriter. ... Wendy Carlos (born Walter Carlos, November 14, 1939) is an American composer and electronic musician. ... The term synthesiser is also used to mean frequency synthesiser, an electronic system found in communications. ...

Carlos composed the first three minutes of "Timesteps" before reading Burgess's novel. Originally, she had intended as the introduction to a vocoder rendition of the Ninth Symphony's Choral movement; "Timesteps" was completed at roughly the time when Kubrick completed the film's photography; "Timesteps" and the vocoder Ninth Symphony were the foundation for Carlos's and Kubrick's collaboration.

Reportedly, Stanley Kubrick asked Pink Floyd mainman Roger Waters if he could use elements of the "Atom Heart Mother" suite in the soundtrack; Waters rejected the request. Later, Waters asked Kubrick if he could appropriate sounds from 2001: A Space Odyssey - a request Kubrick rejected. Kubrick redirects here. ... Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. ... George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English rock musician; singer, bassist, guitarist, songwriter, and composer. ... Atom Heart Mother is a six-part suite by progressive rock band Pink Floyd, composed by the whole band and Ron Geesin. ...

"March from A Clockwork Orange" was the first recorded song featuring a vocoder for singing, and often is cited as inspiration for many synthpop bands. A vocoder (name derived from voice encoder, formerly also called voder) is a speech analyzer and synthesizer. ... Synthpop is a subgenre of New Wave in which the synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument. ...

Neither the end-credits nor the soundtrack album name the orchestra playing the classical excerpts from the Ninth Symphony, however, in Alex's bedroom, early in the story, there is a fleeting close-up of a microcassette tape labelled: "Deutsche Grammophon – Ludwig van Beethoven – Symphonie Nr. 9 d-moll, op. 125 – Berliner Philharmoniker – Chor der St. Hedwigskathedrale – Ferenc Fricsay – Irmgard Seefried, Maureen Forrester, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Ernst Haefliger". Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical record label. ... The Berlin Philharmonic rehearsing in the Berliner Philharmonie. ... St. ... Ferenc Fricsay (1914 - 20 February 1963) was a Hungarian conductor. ... Irmgard Seefried (Born in Kongetried, Germany on 9 October 1919 - died in Vienna on 24 November 1988) was a distinguished German soprano who sang opera and lieder. ... Maureen Forrester (born July 25, 1930 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian contralto. ... The German baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (born May 28, 1925) is regarded by many as the finest Lieder singer of his generation. ... Ernst Haefliger (born July 6, 1919) is a Swiss tenor. ...

Previous film versions

The first dramatisation of A Clockwork Orange (excerpted from the story's first three chapters only) was by the BBC, for part of the programme Tonight, broadcast shortly after the novel's original publication in 1962. No recording of this dramatisation has survived. For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ...

Six years before Stanley Kubrick's film version, Andy Warhol produced a low-budget version in 1965, titled Vinyl). Reportedly, only two scenes are recognisable: "Victor" (a renamed Alex) wreaking havoc, and undergoing the Ludovico Treatment. Andrew Warhola (August 6, 1928 — February 22, 1987), better known as Andy Warhol, was an American artist who was a central figure in the movement known as Pop art. ... A short black-and-white experimental film directed by Andy Warhol. ...

Differences between the film and the novel

• In the novel, Dr. Branom is a male. In the film, the character is female.
• The film uses Nadsat significantly less often than the book in order to make the film more accessible.
• In the film Alex has a pet snake. There is no mention of this in the novel. This was added by Kubrick due to Malcolm McDowell's fear of snakes.^{[citation needed]}
• Alex's weapon of choice in the book is a britva (razor); in the film, he wields a cane with a knife concealed in the handle (similar to a Japanese shikomizue).
• In the film, Alex and his droogs beat a tramp, who later recognizes him and, with other homeless people, assaults him after his treatment. In the book, Alex beats an old man carrying library books, who later recognizes him and (with other aged people) assaults him in a library after his treatment. Alex and his droogs also beat a tramp in the book, but Alex did not meet him again as he was presumably killed.
• In the novel, Alex and his gang pay for a group of old ladies' drinks, bribing them into providing the police with an alibi to cover a crast (shop burglary). None of this appears in the film; the scene with the old ladies was shot, but not used.^{[citation needed]}
• The girl that is about to be raped by Billy Boy's gang is ten in the book, but a young woman in the film.
• In the novel, the writer whose wife Alex rapes is named "F. Alexander", leading to an ironic comparison between the two "Alexander"s. The film does not mention his surname, though he is called "Mr. Alexander" in the credits. In the film, he is addressed by his first name, "Frank," a detail not revealed in the book.
• In the novel, Alex takes home and rapes two ten-year-old girls, Marty and Sonietta, after meeting them in a record shop. In the film, the girls are about 15-18 years old, and their sexual encounter with Alex is consensual.
• In the film, the "cat lady" whose house Alex breaks into possesses a great deal of sexual artwork, including a rocking penis sculpture with which Alex delivers the (inadvertent) killing strike. None of this artwork is mentioned in the book, in which Alex uses a small bust of Beethoven to deliver the fatal blow. In the film, it is in fact the "cat lady" who uses the Beethoven bust as a weapon to defend herself from Alex. The "cat lady" in the novel is elderly, addled, and living in a cat-ridden house of Miss Havisham-style dilapidation; the "cat lady" in the movie is in her early 40s, sharp, and living in a health farm which (according to dialogue) has closed for a week.
• When trying to escape from the cat lady's house, Alex is stopped by Dim, who attacks him and leaves him for the police. In the novel, Dim uses his "oozy" (or chain) to whip Alex across the face. In the film, Dim smashes a milk bottle across the side of Alex's head.
• In the film, Alex's surname is spoken as "DeLarge" on arrival at prison; this surname is a pun based on the book, when Alex (referring to his penis) calls himself "Alexander the Large" (in turn a reference to Alexander the Great). In a close-up shot of a newspaper article, Alex is identified as "Alex Burgess". In the novel, Alex's surname is unknown.
• In the novel, Alex's prisoner number is 6655321; in the film, it is 655321.
• In the novel, Alex is beaten by prison guards. The film does not show this, but Alex mentions it in his narration.
• In the novel, an imprisoned Alex learns of the death of his former droog Georgie during a botched burglary. In the film, Alex meets with Georgie after being freed from prison (see below).
• In the novel, the incarcerated Alex and cell mates brutally beat a man just put in their cell, for being a nuisance. Alex is told to give the man some "tolchocks", and accidentally kills him. For such persistent violence, Alex is selected to undergo the Ludovico Technique. In the film, Alex volunteers for the treatment and is chosen in part for his good behavior in prison.
• In the novel, Alex is beaten by his former droog, Dim, and his former rival, Billy Boy, who have both joined the police; the beating itself is not described (though it is implied he was raped as well as beaten, as they put their clothes back on after they have administered his "summary"). In the film, Billy Boy is replaced in this scene by Georgie, another former droog (who had died in the novel); they take Alex down a wood path to a watering trough, where Dim forces Alex's head underwater, and Georgie beats him with his truncheon. Actor Malcolm McDowell nearly drowned during filming when his air tank failed, as the (unbroken) scene lasted 60 seconds.^{[citation needed]}
• In the book, F. Alexander lives alone after the death of his wife, and manages most of the housework by himself despite his condition. In the film, he is shown to have hired a bodyguard named Julian to help him around the house and guard the home from future break-ins. The bodyguard is played by former bodybuilder and future Darth Vader, David Prowse in a brief role.
• In the novel, F. Alexander recognizes Alex through a number of careless references to the previous attack (e.g. his wife then claiming they did not have a telephone). Whereas, in the film, Alex is recognized when singing the song 'Singing in the Rain', in the bath, which he hauntingly does whilst attacking F. Alexander's wife. The song does not appear at all in the book, as it was an improvisation by actor Malcolm McDowell when Kubrick complained that the rape scene was too "stiff".^{[citation needed]}
• Alex is conditioned against all music in the book, but in the film he is only averse to Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
• During one of the applications of the Ludovico Technique, Beethoven's Fifth symphony is played, and Alex begs for them to stop. In the movie, it is the Ninth symphony which is played during this scene.
• The last chapter (21) of the novel was not filmed. In this chapter, Alex encounters Pete, the third member of the original gang (who was heavily cut out of the film) who has grown beyond his violent ways and married; Alex realises that he wishes to do the same, but believes his violence was an unavoidable product of his youth.
• The film includes the phrase "A Clockwork Orange" only once. We see A Clockwork Orange written on a piece of paper in Mr. Alexander's typewriter. The book explains that the author Frank is supposed to have written a political tract by that name (with a passage explaining the title), but this is not mentioned in the movie.
• In the film, while Alex is being tortured by Mr. Alexander, Kubrick composes the shot so that the author is transformed into a bust of Beethoven. Even the arrangement of the scarf around his neck suggests the contours of a statuette.
• In the film, the car seen before the home invasion is the M-505 Adams Brothers Probe 16, in the novel however, it is referred to as Durango 95. Only three were produced. In the TV-programme Top Gear (Season 2004, 2nd episode, aired October 31, 2004), the one used in the film was nominated for restoration in the Restoration Rip-off feature.

Nadsat is a constructed slang dialect of English with many Russian influences invented by the linguist, novelist, and composer Anthony Burgess. ... For the US TV series, see Cane (TV series). ... The Shikomizue (仕込み杖 Japanese prepared cane) is a Japanese concealed sword disguised as a cane or walking stick. ... For alibi used in the sense of a legal defense, see the Wiktionary entry Alibi. ... Miss Havisham has sick fancies. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... “Truncheon” redirects here. ... Burglars attempted to break into an apartment by pulling away the lock. ... For information on this characters appearance in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, see Anakin Skywalker. ... David Dave Prowse, MBE (born July 1, 1935 in Bristol, United Kingdom) is an English body-builder, weightlifter and actor, most widely known for his role as the physical form of Darth Vader. ... This article is about the current format of the BBC television programme. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References to other Kubrick's films

• The album cover of the soundtrack to 2001: A Space Odyssey, also directed by Stanley Kubrick, is visible in the record-shop scene, as is the cover to The Beatles' Magical Mystery Tour, Neil Young's After the Gold Rush, and Pink Floyd's Atom Heart Mother.
• Alex is given Experimental Serum 114, a phonetic play on the name of the CRM-114 radio seen in Dr. Strangelove. Kubrick has used this designation in other films as well, including Eyes Wide Shut and 2001: A Space Odyssey.
• The red chairs in the Korova Milk Bar are also seen in the space-station lounge in 2001: A Space Odyssey.
• Upon entering the Korova Milk Bar immediately after the rape scene, a picture of a naked black woman is shown. This is the same picture that appears above Dick Halloran's bed in The Shining.

The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Magical Mystery Tour is an album by British rock band The Beatles, first released in late November 1967. ... This article is about the musician. ... This article is about the Neil Young album. ... Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. ... Atom Heart Mother is a 1970 (see 1970 in music) progressive rock album by Pink Floyd. ... Strangelove redirects here. ... Eyes Wide Shut is a 1999 drama-mystery-thriller film directed, produced, and co-written by Stanley Kubrick, based on the novella Traumnovelle (in English Dream Story) by Arthur Schnitzler. ... The Shining may mean: The Shining (novel), by Stephen King The Shining (film), Stanley Kubricks adaptation of the novel The Shining (mini-series), the ABC mini-series scripted by Stephen King The Shining (band), an English music group named after Kings novel This is a disambiguation page: a...

References in Popular Culture

• In The Simpsons episode Dog of Death, Santa's Little Helper is forced to endure a movie that will turn him into a vicious attack dog. His eyes are held open with several probes, just like Alex during his rehabilitation. In the episode Treehouse of Horror III, Bart is dressed as Alex DeLarge for Halloween. A third reference appeared in the episode Duffless, in which a scene depicts Bart having a nervous breakdown after reaching for cupcakes.
• The opening sequence of Robot Chicken features a cyborg chicken who also has its eyes held open in the way Alex's are, while being forced to watch a bank of televisions playing the shows opening credits.
• A gang shown in the underground motorcycle racing sequence of Batman & Robin dresses like the character of Alex deLarge.
• British metal band Grim Reaper has a song entitled Suck It And See, which is one of the "speech bubbles" that Alex had written on the wall.
• In the TV show Rocko's Modern Life there is a stray dog that has a bowler hat and eye liner like the character Alex.
• In Tenacious D: The Pick of Destiny, JB is attacked in the park by a gang who is dressed like (and talks like) Alex's gang.
• British band Blur's single "The Universal" featured a video which was a tribute to A Clockwork Orange.
• The music group DeVotchka dubbed their name from Nadsat's devotchka; translating to Girl in Russian.
• In the music video "All That I've Got" by The Used there is a scene in which the lead singer is dressed in a similar style to that of Alex in the film.
• In the music video of "Never Gonna Stop (The Red Red Kroovy)" by Rob Zombie, the band are dressed as Alex and his Droogs, and appear in the Korova Milk Bar and a scene referencing the ride in the stolen Durango 95. The song also contains lyrics based on the film.
• Usher's 1998 video for his smash hit "My Way" is inspired by the film.
• Brazilian Thrash Metal band Sepultura's 11th studio album will be a concept album inspired by the movie. The band had debated doing this for their 10th album, but opted to base it on Dante's Divine Comedy instead.
• British punkrock band The Adicts has been inspired by the movie since the beginning of the band. They still perform live dressed up like Alex and his friends. Their logo is practically the same as the logo of the movie.
• One of the songs on the first album (Inflikted) of a new project of Sepultura founding members Max Cavalera and Igor Cavalera, Cavalera Conspiracy titled "Ultra-violent" and inspired by the film A Clockwork Orange.
• In ep. 17 of Home Movies entitled Business and Pleasure you can see a poster in the background during one of the scenes that says "My Clock is Orange" with an illustration similar to the actual movie poster.
• The 2001 video game Conker's Bad Fur Day's introduction sequence was a parodie of the film. The remake of the game Conker Live and Reloaded also had the same sequence.
• The 1998 SNK Beat'em up Fatal Fury Special: Dominated Mind for the Sony PlayStation included a final boss, White, clearly based upon Alexander De Large. ^[11]

Simpsons redirects here. ... Dog of Death is the 19th episode of The Simpsons third season. ... Santas Little Helper or once known as Santos L. Halper (voiced by Frank Welker or Dan Castellaneta) is the Simpson familys pet dog. ... Treehouse of Horror III (on-screen title: The Simpsons Halloween Special III) is the fifth episode of The Simpsons fourth season. ... Duffless is the 16th episode of The Simpsons fourth season. ... Robot Chicken is an Emmy award-winning American stop motion animated comedy television series created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich, who are the executive producers. ... For the 1949 serial Batman and Robin, see Batman and Robin (serial). ... Never Gonna Stop (The Red Red Kroovy) is a promotional single off Rob Zombies second album The Sinister Urge. ... Usher Raymond IV (born October 14, 1978), is an American R&B/pop singer and actor who rose to fame in the mid-late 1990s. ... My Way is a 1998 single from Ushers 1997 album My Way. ... Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres that is characterised by high speed riffing and aggression. ... Sepultura is a Brazilian thrash metal band, formed in 1984. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement that began about 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified by The Damned, The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, and The Clash. ... The Adicts are an English Punk rock band from Ipswich. ... Sepultura is a Brazilian thrash metal band, formed in 1984. ... Massimiliano Antonio Max Cavalera is a Brazilian-American singer/guitarist/songwriter of Italian heritage from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. ... Iggor Cavalera (born Igor Graziano Cavalera on September 4, 1970) was born in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and was the drummer and founding member of the Brazilian Thrash metal/Death metal band Sepultura. ... Max Cavalera has recently stated that he has reunited with his brother Igor Cavalera, in their new band Cavalera Conspiracy (the name has been changed from Inflikted to Cavalera Conspiracy due to legal reasons). ... Home Movies is a dialogue-driven animated series about 8-year-old Brendon Small (voiced by the creator, head writer, and lead musician of Home Movies Brendon Small), who makes films with his friends, Melissa and Jason, in his spare time. ... Conkers Bad Fur Day is a Nintendo 64 video game developed and published by Rare, and distributed by Nintendo. ... Conker: Live & Reloaded is a video game for Microsofts Xbox console. ... It has been suggested that SNK Playmore be merged into this article or section. ... Articles in category Scrolling fighter games There are 46 articles in this section of this category. ... Fatal Fury , Legend of the Hungry Wolf) is a fighting game series developed by SNK for the Neo-Geo system. ...

References

See also

• A Clockwork Orange, the novel
• List of cultural references to A Clockwork Orange
• Aestheticization of violence

Clockwork Orange redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The aestheticization of violence in high culture art or mass media is the depiction of violence in a manner that is stylistically excessive in a significant and sustained way so that audience members are able to connect references from the play of images and signs to artworks, genre conventions, cultural...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

A Clockwork Orange (film)

• A Clockwork Orange at the Internet Movie Database
• A Clockwork Orange at Allmovie
• A Clockwork Orange at Rotten Tomatoes
• Malcolm McDowell discusses the film

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