NationMaster - Encyclopedia: A. K. Gopalan

Ayillyath Kuttiari Gopalan Nambiar, popularly known as A. K. Gopalan or AKG, was an Indian communist leader. Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ...

Early life and education

He was born in a nambiar family on 1 October 1904 in Kannur District of Northern Kerala and educated in Tellichery. By the time he became a teacher, India's independence movement was becoming energized by Mahatma Gandhi. Gopalan took part in the Khilafat Movement ^[1] which prompted a marked change in his outlook, transforming him into a dedicated fulltime social and political worker. The name Nambiar primarily applies to two separate Hindu communities from Kerala: [Nambiar] - Nambiar is a prominent sub caste of Nair, a martial nobility, similar to the Samurai of Japan, hail from northern Kerala. ... is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... For the town with the same name, see Kannur. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Tellicherry is one of the three Taluks in Kannur District. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ...

Indian National Congress

In 1927 he joined the Indian National Congress and began playing an active role in the Khadi Movement and the upliftment of Harijans. He was arrested for participating in the salt satyagraha in 1930. Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... In South Asias caste system, an untouchable, dalit, or achuta is a person outside of the four castes, and considered below them. ... Mohandas Karamchand â€œMahatmaâ€ Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: à¤¸à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹ satyÄgraha) is a variety of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Gandhi. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

While in prison he became exposed to leftist thinking and became a member of the Congress Socialist Party and later the Communist Party of India when it finally took shape in Kerala in 1939. He led the hunger march from Malabar region to Madras in 1937 and the Malabar Jatha in support of the movement for responsible government in Travancore. The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress. ... The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Malabar region lies along the southwest coast of India and forms the northern part of the present-day state of Kerala. ... Madras refers to: the Indian city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of ancient India. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´‚à´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‹à´Ÿàµ []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ...

Further arrest

The outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 prompted an upsurge in activism against British domination, and Gopalan was again arrested. But in 1942 he escaped from prison and remained at large till the end of the war in 1945. He was arrested again shortly after the end of the war and was still behind bars when India became independent on August 15, 1947. He was released a few weeks later. Thereafter he was a member of Lok Sabha for 5 consecutive terms till his death on March 22, 1977 and became the first leader of opposition in the parliament of India. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... B.T. Ranadive (December 19, 1904 – April 6, 1990) generally known as BTR, an Indian politician and trade union leader. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ...

During the Sino-Indian war in 1962, AKG was with the opinion that Indian communists should support Indian side. E.M.S. Namboodiripad and S. A. Danke were also among the nationalists in the party in this regard. Combatants Peoples Republic of China India Commanders Zhang Guohua[4] B.M. Kaul Strength 80,000[5][6] Casualties Killed: 1460[7] None captured[8][9][10][11] Wounded 1,697[7] Killed 1,383 Missing 1,696 Captured 3,968[2] Wounded 1,047[12] The Sino-Indian... Elankulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad (1909–1998), popularly known as EMS, was one of the architects of unified Kerala. ...

He also wrote extensively. His autobiography In the Cause of the People has been translated into many languages. His other works include For Land, Around the World, Work in Parliament, and Collected Speeches, all in Malayalam.

Marriage

AKG was married to Mrs. Susheela Gopalan, who was a prominent Marxist and trade union leader. His daughter, Laila, is married to Mr. P. Karunakaran, the MP for the Kasargode constituency. Susheela Gopalan (b. ...

Indian Coffee House

AKG was also the father of Indian Coffee Houses, a worker cooperative initiative. It was he who led the thrown out last grade employees of Coffee Houses of Coffee Board to establish ICHs in mid 1950s. We can read this story in Coffee Housinte Katha, a Malayalam alternative history book (Author - Nadakkal Parameswaran Pillai or Coffee House Pillai, the founder of ICHs in Kerala with the Communist Leader of Thrissur Advocate T. K. Krishnan ). Indian Coffee House shop at Thampanoor,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Indian Coffee House is a restaurant chain in India, which is run by regional workers cooperative societies. ... A worker cooperative is a cooperative owned and operated by its worker-owners. There are no outside, or consumer owners, in a workers cooperative - only the workers own shares of the business. ... Alternative history or alternate history can be: A history told from an alternative viewpoint, rather than from the view of imperialist, conqueror, or explorer. ...

Important Dates In AKG’s Life

1904 Was born in Mavilayi, Cannanore District.
1923 Became schoolteacher in an elementary school.
1926-29 Participated in Congress activites.
1930 Joined a Satyagraha and was jailed. Became full-time political worker.
1931 Participated as a Captain of the volunteers, in the Guruvayoor Temple-entry Satyagraha.
1934 Joined Congress Socialist Party, founded in Kerala.
1936 Led unemployed jatha from Cannanore to Madras-600 miles on foot.
1937-38 Participated in workers’ struggles and militant peasant agitations.
1939 Joined Communist Party.
1941 Escaped from Vellore Jail.
1946-47 Jailed and spent Independence Day in prison.
1948-51 Jailed under preventive detention; case in Supreme Court.
1951 Elected President of AIKS.
1952 Elected to Lok Sabha and became Leader of the Communist Party in Parliament. Elected subsequently in 1957, 1962, 1967 and 1971, Parliamentary elections.
1952 Visited China and the Soviet Union, attending the 19th Congress of the CPSU.
1957 Participated in the Samyukta Maharashtra and Mahagujarat movement. Arrested in Gujarat.
1958 Went to Punjab to aid the peasants in the anti-betterment levy struggle.
1959 Led the struggles of Amravathi peasants in Kerala and went on prolonged hunger strike.
1960 Led peasant jatha in Kerala demanding land reform.
1962 Jailed by the Congress government.
1963 Led peasants against eviction and police terror in Keerithode, Kerala.
1963 Among the 32 leaders of the National Council of the CPI who walked out.
1964 Participated in the Seventh Congress of the CPI(M) elected to the CC and PB in which position he remained till his death.
1965-66 Jailed by the Congress government.
1970 Gave leadership to the militant hutment dwellers struggle of agricultural labour in Kerala where scores died in police firings and goonda attacks.
1972 Participated in the Kerala surplus land struggle and was arrested.
1975 Arrested under MISA and later released.
1977 Visited Cannanore district to oppose police-Congress repression.
March 22, 1977 Died in Trivandrum Medical College hospital after a severe stroke. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 191 KB)A.K.G. memorial in Thiruvanathapuram. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 191 KB)A.K.G. memorial in Thiruvanathapuram. ... , Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¨à´¨àµà´¤à´ªàµà´°à´‚ TiruvanÅntapuraá¹), formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. ...

See also

Indian Coffee House E. K. Nayanar E. M. S. Namboodiripad Indian Coffee House shop at Thampanoor,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Indian Coffee House is a restaurant chain in India, which is run by regional workers cooperative societies. ... Erambala Krishnan Nayanar (December 9, 1919 - May 19, 2004) was an Indian politician leader of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Kerala and the Chief Minister. ... Elankulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad, (Malayalam: à´à´²à´™àµà´•àµà´³à´‚ à´®à´¨à´•àµà´•à´²àµâ€ à´¶à´™àµà´•à´°à´¨àµâ€ à´¨à´®àµà´ªàµ‚à´¤à´¿à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¾à´Ÿàµ) (June 13, 1909 â€“ March 19, 1998), popularly knows as EMS, was an Indian communist leader and the first Chief Minister of Kerala. ...

Categories: Indian activists | Indian politicians | Indian communists | Politics of Kerala | 1904 births | 1977 deaths Image File history File links 1931_Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Gandhi_Salt_March. ... The Indian independence movement incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... Image File history File links AzadHindFlag. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3496x2418, 835 KB) en: Gandhi during the Salt March, March 1930. ... European settlements in India (1501-1739). ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Combatants British East India Company Siraj Ud Daulah (Nawab of Bengal), La Compagnie des Indes Orientales Commanders Colonel Robert Clive (later Governor of Bengal and Baron of Plassey) Mir Jafar Ali Khan (Commander-in-chief of the Nawab), M. Sinfray (French Secretary to the Council) Strength 2,200 European soldiers... Combatants Bengal, British East India Company Commanders Mir Kasim, Hector Munro Strength 40,000 infantry, 18,000 infantry, Casualties high low Battle of Buxar (October 1764) was a significant battle fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company on the one side, and the combined... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1877-1901 Victoria - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - January-December 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George... French India is highlighted in light blue on the subcontinent. ... Portuguese India (Portuguese: or Estado da Ãndia) was the aggregate of Portugals colonial holdings in India. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Self rule is the term used to described a people or group being able to exercise all of the necessary functions of power without intervention from any authority which they cannot themselves alter. ... Gandhism (or Gandhi-ism) is an informal reference to the vision, core inspirations, principles, beliefs and philosophy of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement. ... Mohandas Karamchand â€œMahatmaâ€ Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: à¤¸à¤¤à¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤—à¥à¤°à¤¹ satyÄgraha) is a variety of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Gandhi. ... Hindu nationalism is a nationalist ideology that sees the modern state of the Republic of India as a Hindu nation (Hindu Rashtra), and seeks to preserve the Hindu heritage. ... Indian Muslim nationalism refers to the political and cultural expression of nationalism, founded upon the religious tenets and identity of Islam, of the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. ... Swadeshi is the Indian term for the boycott of British goods. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... Combatants Indian Patriots, Rebellious East India Company Sepoys, 7 Indian princely states, deposed rulers of Oudh and Jhansi, Indian civilians in some areas. ... The Indian independence movement incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is often a less-highlighted aspect of Indian independence movement - the underground revolutionary factions. ... The first Satyagraha revolutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence Movement occurred in Kheda district of Gujarat and the Champaran district of Bihar between the years of 1918 and 1919. ... The Amritsar Massacre The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar, where, on April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering... ... Flag Satyagraha is a term that describes campaigns of peaceful civil disobedience during the Indian independence movement that focused on exercising the right and freedom to hoist the nationalist flag and challenge the legitimacy of British Raj in India through the defiance of laws prohibiting the hoisting of nationalist flags... The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1925 in the state of Gujarat, India during the British Raj was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. ... The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform in that colony. ... The Nehru Report (1928) was a memorandum outlining a proposed new Dominion (see dominion status) constitution for India. ... The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War. ... Scenes on the eve of the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhis famous 240 mile march on foot to the sea at Dandi. ... 24. ... The Legion Freies Indien, or the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion Regiment 950 variously known as the Tiger Legion, the Free India Legion (in English), The Azad Hind Legion, or the I.R 950 (Indisches Infanterie Regiment 950) was an Indian armed unit raised in 1941 attached to the Wehrmacht, ostensibly according... Sir Stafford Cripps Mission was an attempt in late March of 1942 by the British War Cabinet to secure Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. Led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, the majority Indian National Congress and its supporters were engaged in a program of... The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement in India launched in August 1942 in response to Mahatma Gandhis call for immediate independence of India. ... The Indian National Army (I.N.A) or Azad Hind Fauj was the army of the Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (The Provisional Government of Free India ) which fought along with the Japanese 15th Army during the Japanese Campaign in Burma, and in the Battle of Imphal, during the Second... The Bombay Mutiny was the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay (Mumbai) harbour on 21 February 1946. ... The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War. ... The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by the Indians(mostly Punjabis, of the United States and Canada in June, 1913 with the aim to liberate India from British rule. ... Home Rule flag The Home Rule Movement was formed by Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak with the aim of seeking a Dominion status within the British Empire to the Indian Empire in 1917. ... An old red shirt activist, picture taken by Mukulika Banerjee: The Pathan Unarmed Khudai Khidmatgar (Pashto: Ø®Ø¯Ø§ÛŒ Ø®Ø¯Ù…ØªÚ¯Ø±) literally translates as the servants of God. ... Swaraj Party, a political party of colonial India, was organized in 1923 by Deshbandhu Chitaranjan Das (1870-1925) and Motilal Nehru (1861-1931), to participate in legislative councils. ... Anushilan Samiti was the principal secret revolutionary organisation operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. ... Flag of the Provisional Government of Free India. ... Mangal Pandey (c. ... Lakshmibai, The Rani of Jhansi (c. ... Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 - 1920), was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ... Gopal Krishna Gokhale (à¤—à¥‹à¤ªà¤¾à¤² à¤•à¥ƒà¤·à¥â€à¤£ à¤—à¥‹à¤–à¤²à¥‡) born May 9, 1866, in Kolhat, Maharashtra, India was one of the founding social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. ... Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian author and politician who is chiefly remembered as a leader in the Indian fight for freedom from the British Raj. ... He was one of the trilogy of the three Extremist patriots of the Indian National Congress who had fought and gave his life during Indias freedom struggle in the first half of the twentieth century. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandÄs karamcand gÄndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 â€“ January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (October 31, 1875–December 15, 1950), popularly referred to as Sardar Patel, was an Indian statesman, an important leader of the Indian National Congress and the deputy Prime Minister in the first cabinet of Independent India. ... Subhash Chandra Bose, (Bangla: à¦¨à§‡à¦¤à¦¾à¦œà§€ à¦¸à§à¦à¦¾à¦· à¦šà¦¨à§à¦¦à§à¦° à¦¬à¦¸à§ ( à¤¸à¥à¤à¤¾à¤· à¤šà¤¦à¤‚à¤° à¤µà¤¸à¥ ) Shubhash ChÃ´ndro Boshu) (January 23, 1897 â€“ presumably August 18, 1945 [although this is disputed]note), also known as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj and was a prominent supporter of the Axis dictatorships as... Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (also known as Bacha Khan) (1890 - January 20, 1988) was a Pathan political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition to British rule during the final years of the Empire on the Indian sub-continent. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian JavÃ¢her-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 â€“ May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888 - August 1958) was a freedom fighter in Indias struggle for Independence from Britain. ... Chandrasekhar Azad à¤šà¤‚à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¶à¥‡à¤–à¤° à¤†à¤œà¤¾à¤¦ (July 23, 1906 â€“ February 27, 1931) was an Indian revolutionary and the mentor of Bhagat Singh. ... Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ... Bhagat Singh (Punjabi: à¨à¨—à¨¤ à¨¸à¨¿à©°à¨˜) (September 28,[1] 1907â€“March 23, 1931) was an Indian freedom fighter, considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. ... Sarojini Naidu (February 13, 1879 - March 2, 1949) was known as Bharatiya Kokila (The Nightingale of India) and was a child prodigy, freedom fighter and poet. ... Purushottam Das Tandon (August 1, 1882 â€“ July 1, 1962), was a freedom fighter, social reformer and national political leader of India. ... It has been suggested that Tanguturi Prakasham be merged into this article or section. ... Image:D:Alluri Sitarama raju. ... Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, meeting with Mir Jafar after Plassey, by Francis Hayman Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey, KB (29 September 1725 - 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the soldier of fortune and commander who established the military supremacy of the... Sir James Outram Sir James Outram (January 29, 1803-March 11, 1863), English general, and one of the heroes of the Indian Mutiny, was the son of Benjamin Outram of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, civil engineer. ... James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess and 10th Earl of Dalhousie (April 22, 1812–December 19, 1860) was a British statesman, and a colonial administrator in India. ... Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, KG, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (16 April 1881â€“23 December 1959), known as The Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and as The Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was a British Conservative politician. ... Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow (24 September 1887 - 5 January 1952) was a British statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943. ... Field Marshal Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, PC (May 5, 1883 â€“ May 24, 1950) was a British field marshal and the commander of British Army forces in the Middle East during World War II. He led British forces to victory over the Italians, only... Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, known as Stafford Cripps, (April 24, 1889 - April 21, 1952) was a British Labour politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer for several years following World War II. // Cripps was born in London. ... Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900 â€“ 27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership, providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations. ... 1. ... This article is under construction. ... India under British Raj in 1922, prior to its partition and integration after independence. ...

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Early life and education GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");