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ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I or ADHD-PI) is one of the three subtypes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While ADHD-PI is commonly referred to as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) without hyperactivity, the terms "ADD" and "attention-deficit disorder" are no longer recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) previously known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is generally considered to be a developmental disorder, largely neurological in nature, affecting about 5% of the worlds population. ...
Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder and the criteria for diagnosing them, according to the publishing organization the American Psychiatric Association. ...
Differences from traditional ADHD
ADHD-I is different from the other subtypes of ADHD in that it is characterized by inattention, daydreaming and lethargy, but with little to none of the hyperactivity, impulsiveness or conduct disorders typical of the other three ADHD subtypes ("ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive", "ADHD combined", and "ADHD not otherwise specified."). It is less studied and less understood than ADHD with hyperactivity because those with ADHD-I are not as disruptive or active as those with "standard" ADHD and are less likely to be diagnosed[citation needed]. A daydream is a fantasy that a person has while awake, often about spontaneous and fanciful thoughts not connected to the persons immediate situation. ...
Fatigue is a feeling of excessive tiredness or lethargy, with a desire to rest, perhaps to sleep. ...
Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ...
In psychiatry, conduct disorder is a pattern of repetitive behavior where the rights of others or the social norms are violated. ...
There has been some debate[citation needed] as to whether all adults who meet the ADHD-I criteria should in fact receive that diagnosis. It has been noted frequently[citation needed] that hyperactive children will lose some or all of their hyperactive symptoms as they get older while retaining inattentive and impulsive symptoms. Some researchers have suggested that these former hyperactive children should receive the ADHD-combined diagnosis. Hallowell and Ratey (2005) suggest[1] that the manifestation of hyperactvity simply changes with adolescence and adulthood, becoming a more generalized restlessness or tendency to fidget.
In the DSM-III, sluggishness, drowsiness, and daydreaming were listed as characteristics of ADHD. The symptoms were removed from the ADHD criteria in DSM-IV because, although those with ADHD-I were found to have these symptoms, this only occurred with the absence of hyperactive symptoms. These distinct symptoms were described as sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). There is some debate[citation needed] if those with SCT symptoms may be a homogeneous grouping. It has been estimated that approximately half of those with ADHD-I can be better described as having SCT symptoms.[citation needed] Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is a descriptive term which is used to better identify what appears to be a homogeneous group within the Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD/PI) DSM-IV classification. ...
Some experts, such as Dr. Russell Barkley,[2] argue that ADHD-I is so different from "traditional" ADHD that it should be regarded as a distinct disorder. Barkley cites different symptoms among those with ADHD-I -- particularly the almost complete lack of conduct disorders and high-risk, thrill-seeking behavior -- and markedly different responses to stimulant medication. Russell A. Barkley, Ph. ...
Symptoms
DSM-IV criteria The DSM-IV allows for diagnosis of the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD if the individual presents six or more of the following symptoms of inattention for at least six months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder and the criteria for diagnosing them, according to the publishing organization the American Psychiatric Association. ...
- Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.
- Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities.
- Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Often does not follow instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).
- Often has trouble organizing activities.
- Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
- Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools).
- Is often easily distracted.
- Is often forgetful in daily activities.
A requirement for an ADHD-I diagnosis is that of the symptoms that cause impairment must have been present before seven years of age, and symptoms must be present in two or more settings (e.g., at school or work and at home). There must also be clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. Lastly, the symptoms must not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder, and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder.) Psychosis is a psychiatric classification for a mental state in which the perception of reality is distorted. ...
A mood disorder is a condition whereby the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Dissociation is a psychological state or condition in which certain thoughts, emotions, sensations, or memories are separated from the rest of the psyche. ...
Personality disorder, formerly referred to as a Characterological disorder is a class of mental disorders characterized by rigid and on-going patterns of thought and action. ...
Examples of observed symptoms Children [3] - Failing to pay close attention to details or making careless mistakes when doing schoolwork or other activities
- Trouble keeping attention focused during play or tasks
- Appearing not to listen when spoken to
- Failing to follow instructions or finish tasks
- Avoiding tasks that require a high amount of mental effort and organization, such as school projects
- Frequently losing items required to facilitate tasks or activities, such as school supplies
- Excessive distractibility
- Forgetfulness
- Procrastination, inability to begin an activity
- Difficulties completing household chores
Adults [4] Look up Procrastination in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
- Often making careless mistakes when having to work on uninteresting or difficult projects
- Often having difficulty keeping attention during work
- Often having difficulty concentrating on conversations
- Having trouble finishing projects that have already been started
- Often having difficulty organizing for the completion of tasks
- Avoiding or delaying in starting projects that require a lot of thought
- Often misplacing or having difficulty finding things at home or at work
- Often distracted by activity or noise
- Often having problems remembering appointments or obligations
See also This article is intended to focus on the condition in adults. ...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) previously known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is generally considered to be a developmental disorder, largely neurological in nature, affecting about 5% of the worlds population. ...
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) (previously known as Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) is a disorder in how auditory information is processed in the brain. ...
Chemical imbalance is a term sometimes used by drug companies [1] in the United States in advertising and consumer literature for psychoactive drugs after the deregulation of pharmaceutical advertising. ...
Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. ...
Educational psychology or school psychology is the psychological science studying how children and adults learn, the effectiveness of various educational strategies and tactics, and how schools function as organizations. ...
Sensory Integration Dysfunction is a neurological disorder causing some people to have difficulties in integrating information coming in from each of their five senses. ...
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is a descriptive term which is used to better identify what appears to be a homogeneous group within the Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD/PI) DSM-IV classification. ...
References - ^ Hallowell, Edward M. and John J. Ratey (2005). Delivered from Distraction : Getting the Most out of Life with Attention Deficit Disorder. New York: Ballantine Books, p. 253–5. ISBN 0-345-44231-8
- ^ "Russell Barkley on AD/HD" (2000)
- ^ What we know National Resource Center on AD/HD
- ^ WHO adult AD/HD inattentive symptoms [1] National Resource Center on ADHD
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