NationMaster - Encyclopedia: AISI steel grades

Iron alloy phases
Austenite (γ-iron; hard) Bainite Martensite Cementite (iron carbide; Fe₃C) Ferrite (α-iron; soft) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, and where the resulting material has metallic properties. ... Iron-carbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which austenite (Î³) is stable in carbon steel. ... Iron-carbon phase diagram, showing the eutectoid temperature and composition, at which bainite can form. ... Martensite, named after the German metallurgist Adolf Martens, is a class of hard minerals occurring as lathe- or plate-shaped crystals. ... Cementite or iron carbide is a chemical compound with the formula Fe3C, and an orthorhombic crystal structure. ... Iron-carbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which ferrite (Î±) is stable. ... Pearlite occurs at the eutectoid of the iron-carbon phase diagram (near the lower left). ...
Types of Steel
Plain-carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon) Stainless steel (alloy with chromium) HSLA steel (high strength low alloy) Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated) The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ... Plain-carbon steel is a metal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. ... In metallurgy, stainless steel (inox) is defined as a ferrous alloy with a minimum of 10% chromium content. ... HSLA Steel (High Strength Low Alloy Steel) is a type of steel alloy that provides many benefits over regular steel alloys. ... Tool steel refers to a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools. ...
Other Iron-based materials
Cast iron (>2.1% carbon) Wrought iron (almost no carbon) Ductile iron Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ... A wrought iron railing in Troy, New York. ... -1...

The American Iron and Steel Institute standardizes numbered AISI steel grades, including the following: The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) is an association of North American steel producers formed in 1855. ...

1 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel
2 Stainless steel
3 References
4 See also

Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel

Carbon steels and low alloy steels are designated by a four digit number, where the first two digits indicate the alloying elements and the last two digits indicate the amount of carbon, in hundreths of a percent by weight. Carbon steel is a metal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. ... Low alloy steel is steel alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum, manganese, chromium, vanadium, silicon, boron or nickel, in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the hardenability of thick sections. ...

**AISI Carbon and Alloy Steel Designations**^[1]
AISI Designation	Type of Steel
Carbon Steels
10xx	Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% max)
11xx	Resulferized
12xx	Resulferized and Rephosphorized
15xx	Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% to 1.65%)
Manganese Steels
13xx	Mn 1.75%
Nickel Steels
23xx	Ni 3.50%
25xx	Ni 5.00%
Nickel-Chromium Steels
31xx	Ni 1.25%, Cr 0.65% or 0.80%
32xx	Ni 1.25%, Cr 1.07%
33xx	Ni 3.50%, Cr 1.50% or 1.57%
34xx	Ni 3.00%, Cr 0.77%
Molybdenum Steels
40xx	Mo 0.20% or 0.25%
44xx	Mo 0.40% or 0.52%
Chromium-Molybdenum (Chromoly) Steels
41xx	Cr 0.50% or 0.80% or 0.95%, Mo 0.12% or 0.20% or 0.25% or 0.30%
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
43xx	Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50% or 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
43BVxx	Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.12% or 0.35%, V 0.03% min
43xx	Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50% or 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
47xx	Ni 1.05%, Cr 0.45%, Mo 0.20% or 0.35%
81xx	Ni 0.30%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12%
86xx	Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.20%
87xx	Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.25%
88xx	Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.35%
93xx	Ni 3.25%, Cr 1.20%, Mo 0.12%
94xx	Ni 0.45%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12%
97xx	Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.20%, Mo 0.20%
98xx	Ni 1.00%, Cr 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
Nickel-Molybdenum Steels
46xx	Ni 0.85% or 1.82%, Mo 0.20% or 0.25%
48xx	Ni 3.50%, Mo 0.25%
Chromium Steels
50xx	Cr 0.27% or 0.40% or 0.50% or 0.65%
51xx	Cr 0.80% or 0.87% or 0.92% or 1.00% or 1.05%
50xxx	Cr 0.50%, C 1.00% min
51xxx	Cr 1.02%, C 1.00% min
52xxx	Cr 1.45%, C 1.00% min
Chromium-Vanadium Steels
61xx	Cr 0.60% or 0.80% or 0.95%, V 0.10% or 0.15% min
Tungsten-Chromium Steels
72xx	W 1.75%, Cr 0.75%
Silicon-Manganese Steels
92xx	Si 1.40% or 2.00%, Mn 0.65% or 0.82% or 0.85%, Cr 0.00% or 0.65%
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
9xx	Various SAE grades
xxBxx	Boron steels
xxLxx	Leaded steels

General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 51. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... Chromoly is an abbreviation for chromium-molybdenum steel. Chromoly is an alloy used to produce tubing for bicycle frames and race-car roll cages. ...

Stainless steel

200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
300 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel alloys
- Type 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working.
- Type 303—Free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur
- Type 304—the most common; the classic 18/8 stainless steel.
- Type 316—the next most common; for food and surgical stainless steel uses; Alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. Also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants.
400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys
- Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel.
- Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only).
- Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium).
- Type 416
- Type 420—"Cutlery Grade" martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original "rustless steel". Also known as "surgical steel".
- Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic.
- Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly.
500 Series—heat resisting chromium alloys
600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys
- Type 630—most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel

**AISI Carbon and Alloy Steel Designations**^[2]
AISI Type (UNS Designation)	Typical Composition [%]
Austenitic
201 (S20100)	16-18 Cr, 3.5-5.5 Ni, 0.15 C, 5.5-7.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N
202 (S20200)	17-19 Cr, 4-6 Ni, 0.15 C, 7.5-10.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N
205 (S20500)	16.5-18 Cr, 1-1.75 Ni, 0.12-0.25 C, 14-15.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.32-0.40 N
301 (S30100)	16-18 Cr, 6-8 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
302 (S30200)	17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
302B (S30215)	17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 2.0-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
303 (S30300)	17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.015 S min, 0.60 Mo (optional)
303Se (S30323)	17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
304 (S30400)	18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
304L (S30403)	18-20 Cr, 8-12 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
304 Cu (S30430)	17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3-4 Cu
304N (S30451)	18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10-0.16 N
305 (S30500)	17-19 Cr, 10.50-13 Ni, 0.12 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
308 (S30800)	19-21 Cr, 10-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
309 (S30900)	22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.20 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
309S (S30908)	22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
310 (S31000)	24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
310S (S31008)	24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
314 (S31400)	23-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
316 (S31600)	16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N
316L (S31603)	16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N
316F (S31620)	16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.10 S min, 1.75-2.50 Mo
316N (S31651)	16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2-3 Mo, 0.10-0.16 N
317 (S31700)	18-20 Cr, 11-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3.0-4.0 Mo, 0.10 N max
321 (S32100)	17-19 Cr, 9-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, [Ti, 5(C + N) min, 0.70 max], 0.10 N max
329 (S32900)	23-28 Cr, 2.5-5 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 1-2 Mo
330 (N08330)	17-20 Cr, 34-37 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75-1.50 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
347 (S34700)	17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max)
348 (S34800)	17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max, but 0.10 Ta max), 0.20 Ca
384 (S38400)	15-17 Cr, 17-19 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
Ferritic
405 (S40500)	11.5-14.5 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.1-0.3 Al, 0.60 max
409 (S40900)	10.5-11.75 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.05 Ni (Ti 6 x C, but 0.75 max)
429 (S42900)	14-16 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
430 (S43000)	16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
430F (S43020)	16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo optional
430FSe (S43023)	16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
434 (S43400)	16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo
436 (S43600)	16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo (Nb + Ta 5 x C min, 0.70 max)
442 (S44200)	18-23 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
446 (S44600)	23-27 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.5 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 Ni
Martensitic
403 (S40300)	11.5-13.0 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.060 Ni
410 (S41000)	11.5-13.5 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
414 (S41400)	11.5-13.5 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
416 (S41600)	12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.060 Mo optional
416Se (S41623)	12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
420 (S42000)	12-14 Cr, 0.15 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
420F (S42020)	12-14 Cr, over 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo max (optional)
422 (S42200)	11-12.50 Cr, 0.50-1.0 Ni, 0.20-0.25 C, 0.5-1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.025 P, 0.025 S, 0.90-1.25 Mo, 0.20-0.30 V, 0.90-1.25 W
431 (S43100)	15-17 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
440A (S44002)	16-18 Cr, 0.60-0.75 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
440B (S44003)	16-18 Cr, 0.75-0.95 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
440C (S44004)	16-18 Cr, 0.95-1.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
Heat Resisting
501 (S50100)	4-6 Cr, 0.10 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo
502 (S50200)	4-6 Cr, 0.10 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo

In metallurgy, stainless steel (inox) is defined as a ferrous alloy with a minimum of 10% chromium content. ... Surgical stainless steel is a variation of steel consisting of an alloy of chromium (12-20%), molybdenum (0. ... // Nuclear reprocessing separates any usable elements (e. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An exhaust pipe is usually a pipe used to guide waste exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. ... Precipitation hardening is a heat treatment technique used to strengthen malleable materials, especially non-ferrous alloys including most structural alloys of aluminium and titanium. ...

References

^ Erik Oberg, et. al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, p. 406.
^ Erik Oberg, et. al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, pp. 411-412.

Contents

Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Stainless steel

References

See also

Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel