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Encyclopedia > AMIA bombing

The AMIA Bombing was an attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Israelite Mutual Association, or AMIA) building in Buenos Aires on July 18, 1994, that killed 85 people. Carried out under Carlos Menem's presidency (1989-1999), it was Argentina's deadliest bombing. Argentina is home to a Jewish community of 200,000, the largest in Latin America (see Demographics of Argentina).[1] The AMIA was rebuilt in 1999 exactly where the old building stood, 633 Pasteur Street. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... This article is about the demographics features of the population of Argentina, including distribution, ethnicity, economic status and other. ...


Over the years, the case has been marked by incompetence and accusations of cover-ups. All suspects in the "local connection" (among whom many members of the Buenos Aires Provincial Police) were found to be not guilty in September 2004. In August 2005, federal judge Juan José Galeano, in charge of the case, was impeached and removed from his post on charge of "serious" irregularities and of mishandling of the investigation.[2] The Buenos Aires Provincial Police (Spanish: Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, informally Policía Bonaerense) is the police service responsible for policing the Province of Buenos Aires, in Argentina. ...


On October 25, 2006, Argentine prosecutors Alberto Nisman and Marcelo Martínez Burgos [1] formally accused the government of Iran of directing the bombing, and the Hezbollah militia of carrying it out.[3][4] According to the prosecution's claims in 2006, Argentina had been targeted by Iran after Buenos Aires' decision to suspend a nuclear technology transfer contract to Tehran.[5] This however, has been disputed, because this contract was never terminated, and Iran and Argentina were negotiating on restoration of full cooperation on all agreements from early 1992 till 1994, when the bombing occurred.[6] October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... This article is about Irans civilian nuclear program. ...

Contents

Bombing

A high-explosive bomb made of ammonium nitrate was driven in a van through the front gates of the AMIA building in the Once district near downtown Buenos Aires (a piece from the motor was found a week later, by a policeman with Nazi sympathies whose report was later questionned by the court). The 7-story building was the headquarters of Argentina's Jewish community. According to the police, the bomber detonated the bomb, leveling the building and reducing it to rubble, along with nearby buildings. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Balvanera is a barrio (neighborhood) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... National Socialism redirects here. ...


Eighty-five people died, most of them Jewish. More than 300 others were wounded. The attack came two years after the 1992 Israeli Embassy Attack in Buenos Aires that killed 29. The authorities weren't able either to find those responsible for the bombing. The Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires was a bomb attack against Israels embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina on March 17, 1992. ...


The day after the AMIA attack, a suicide bombing on a Panamanian commuter plane killed 12 Jews and 9 others. A communiquee was diffused in Beirut in the name of an unknown group called "Partisans of God" (Ansar Allah), which claimed responsibility for the AMIA blast as well as for the Alas Chiricanas bombing in Panama. After investigations in at least four countries, the claim was discounted and the communiquee called a hoax.[7] For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... The bombing of an Alas Chiricanas flight in Panama was a deadly terrorist attack that took place on July 19, 1994, one of a series of deadly attacks against Jewish people that year. ...


Eight days after the AMIA attack, the Israeli Embassy in London was car-bombed. No links between any of these bombings have been proved by investigations, and the motive behind such attacks have not been disclosed (including by those alleging that Iran and the Hezbollah were in fact behind these three bombings, carried out in various countries and far from Hezbollah's theater of operations). In the Israeli Embassy Attack in London — which took place on July 26, 1994, eight days after the AMIA Bombing in Argentina — a car bomb exploded outside the Israeli embassy in London, injuring 20 people. ...


In the days following the bombing, Israel sent Mossad agents to Argentina to investigate, and Argentina closed its borders, fearing more terrorists could enter. It is thought possible that the bombers entered Argentina through the Triple Frontier, where the borders of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay meet. Argentina's intelligence agency, the Secretaría de Inteligencia (SIDE), is said to have set up a network of surveillance called "Centauro" in Paraguay.   (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations), often referred to as The Mossad (meaning The Institute), is Israels intelligence agency and is responsible for intelligence collection, counter-terrorism, covert operations such as paramilitary activities, and the facilitation of aliyah where it is banned. ... The Triple Frontier is the tri-border area along the junction of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil and is the location of the Iguaçu Waterfalls. ... Secretaría de Inteligencia (Intelligence Secretariat, S.I) is the main intelligence agency of the Argentine Republic. ...


Investigation and responsibility

No suspects have been convicted of the bombing and there have been many allegations made, including those blaming the government of Iran. The investigations were marred by incompetence, current President Nestor Kirchner calling them a "national disgrace" in 2005. Argentine justice accused in 2006 Tehran of being behind the attacks, allegedly because of Buenos Aires' decision to suspend a nuclear material delivery and technology transfer. Current President Néstor Kirchner The President of Argentina (full title: President of the Argentine Nation, Spanish: Presidente de la Nación Argentina) is the head of state of Argentina. ... Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (born 25 February 1950) is the current President of Argentina. ...


Ibrahim Hussein Berro

Israeli diplomatic sources who read the "final" report by SIDE on the attack said in 2003 that the attack was a suicide bombing carried out by Ibrahim Hussein Berro, a 29-year-old Muslim who has been honored with a plaque in southern Lebanon for his martyrdom on July 18, 1994, the date of the bombing. SIDE and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation confirmed this in November 2005.[8] A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ... Ibrahim Hussein Berro (c. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Ongoing events • Abramoff-Reed gambling scandal • Al Jazeera bombing memo • Avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak • Black sites scandal • Conservative leadership race (UK) • Fuel prices • Irans nuclear program • Jilin chemical plant explosions • Kashmir earthquake • Malawi food crisis • Malaysian prisoner abuse scandal • New Delhi bombings investigation • Niger food crisis • North Indian cyclone...


Berro's two brothers, however, had denied this version in April 2005 before a US prosecutor, stating that Berro had died on September 9, 1994 during combats in Lebanon. No proper autopsies or DNA tests were done. The police dumped in a bin the head thought to be that of the bomber.[5].[9] September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Post-mortem, postmortem and post mortem redirect here. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living organisms. ...


Juan José Galeano's investigations

Federal judge Juan José Galeano followed investigations concerning the "local connection", which included members of the Bonaerense (Buenos Aires Provincial Police). He quickly arrested Carlos Telleldín, alleged to have provided the van used in the bombing, and some 20 officers from the Bonaerense. But a video broadcasted on Argentine TV showed him offerring Telleldín $400,000, in return for evidence, which led to Galeano's removal from the case in 2003, and his impeachment in August 2005.[10][11] The Buenos Aires Provincial Police (Spanish: Policía de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, informally Policía Bonaerense) is the police service responsible for policing the Province of Buenos Aires, in Argentina. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ...


Judge Galeano had also issued warrants for the arrests of 12 Iranians, including Hade Soleimanpour, Iran's ambassador to Argentina in 1994. The latter was arrested in the UK on August 21, 2003, at the request of the Argentinian authorities. He was later released because, according to the Home Office, there was not enough prima facie evidence for the extradition to proceed.[12].[13] August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The modern concept of Small Office and Home Office or SoHo , or Small or Home Office deals with the category of business which can be from 1 to 10 workers. ... Look up prima facie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


In 1999 an arrest warrant was issued against Hezbollah member Imad Mugniyah, in connection with the attack. Imad Fayez Mugniyah (born December 7, 1962) is a senior member of the Lebanese terrorist group Hizbullah. ...


Judge Galeano also interviewed Abolghasem Mesbahi, aka "Witness C", an alleged former Iranian intelligence officer who reportedly said a former Argentine president accepted a $10 million payment from Tehran to block the investigation. Former President Carlos Menem denied the claims, but admitted he had a secret Swiss bank account following a report in the New York Times.[13] Menem claimed in 2004 that the attack had been related to his support to the US during the First Gulf War and to his visit to Israel during his mandate.[5] Abolghasem Mesbahi claimed to the Argentine court that Iran had planned the bombing, thinking the centre was a base for the Israeli secret service.[14] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Numbered bank accounts are offered by Swiss banks to the majority of their clients. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ...


On 2 September 2004, all suspects in the "local connection" (among whom members of the Buenos Aires police) of AMIA case were found to be not guilty.[15] Five persons, including four policemen, were therefore acquitted because of lack of evidence. September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


On August 3, 2005, Judge Galeano's impeachment was successful, and he was formally removed from his post as a federal judge for "serious" irregularities and his mishandling of the investigation. Argentine newspaper Clarín reports that charges will be pressed against him shortly.[2] Judge Galeano has denied these allegations.[10] August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Clarín is a major newspaper in Argentina, founded by Roberto Noble on August 28, 1945. ...


In March 2005, Swiss judge Jacques Antenen, in charge of investigations concerning the murder of an Iranian dissident, re-opened the case concerning Iranian intelligence service banks accounts in Switzerland. The same account would have been used both for this assassination and for the alleged payment of ex-President Carlos Menem. Swiss Justice had already been notified of the existence of an account owned by the Red Spark Foundation (based in Liechtenstein), in which Ramón Hernández, former secretary of Carlos Menem, had authority to sign documents. Six millions dollars would have been deposited in this account, although in some moment the exact amount was said to be of $10 millions.[16] Ramón Hernández [rah-MON er-NAN-deth] (born May 20, 1976 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Major League Baseball catcher and right-handed batter who plays for the Baltimore Orioles. ...


In 2006, the Court of Cassation declared that the previous court had made a false version of the investigated acts in order to cover responsibilities.[17] In various countries, there exist courts of cassation: In Belgium, the Court of Cassation (Hof van Cassatie in Dutch, Cour de cassation in French) In France, the Cour de cassation In Italy, the Corte di Cassazione In Romania, the High Court of Cassation and Justice In Senegal, the Cour de...


Investigations under Nestor Kirchner's government

Nestor Kirchner's government issued a decree in July 2005 formally accepting a share of the blame for the failure of investigations into the attack. He called the unresolved investigations a "national disgrace."[9]. President Kirchner said governments had covered up facts, and that the decree established a mechanism for victims to receive compensation.[10] Shortly after assuming his functions in spring 2003, he opened up Argentine intelligence files on the case, and lifted a decree preventing SIDE agents from testifying in the case.[13] Néstor Carlos Kirchner Ostoić (born 25 February 1950) is the current President of Argentina. ... Decree is an order that has the force of law. ...


Argentina's justice, Israel, and the United States[18] suspected in 2005 that Hezbollah was behind the attack, with backing from Iran. Hezbollah has denied responsibility.[19] For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ...


On 25 October 2006, prosecutors in Buenos Aires formally charged Iran and Shi'a militia Hezbollah with the bombing, accusing the Iranian authorities of directing Hezbollah to carry out the attack and calling for the arrest of former President of Iran Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and seven others, including some who still hold official positions in Iran.[3] October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... The President of Iran holds a very important office in Irans political establishment. ... Hojat al islam Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی Akbar Hāshemī Rafanjānī), Hashemi Bahramani (هاشمی بهرمانی) born on August 25, 1934, is an influential Iranian politician, and is currently serving as the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran. ...


Speaking on state radio, Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Mohammad Ali Hoseyni described the accusations against the country as "a Zionist plot." Both Hezbollah and Iran deny any involvement in the bombing.[20]


According to Hoseyni, the accusations were intended to divert "world attention from the perpetration of crimes by the Zionists against women and children in Palestine".


On March 6, 2007, former Congressman Mario Cafiero and former government official Luis D'Elia provided evidence at a press conference that Abolghasem Mesbahi, along with two other Iranians that gave alleged evidence implicating Iran in the bombing, were members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK,) which is designated as a terrorist organization by the US. They also said that there were arrest warrants issued by Interpol for the other two Iranians, Hadi Roshanravani and Hamid Reza Eshagi.[21] 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... MKO Logo The Peoples Mujahedin of Iran (PMOI, also MEK, MKO) (Persian: سازمان مجاهدين خلق ايران sazmaan-e mujahedin-e khalq-e Iran) is a militant political party that advocates overthrowing the government in the Islamic Republic of Iran and replacing it with its own leadership. ... Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, was established as The International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 to assist international criminal police cooperation. ...


References

  1. ^ Argentina marks 1994 bomb attacks, BBC News, July 18, 2006
  2. ^ a b "AMIA: destituyeron a Galeano", Clarín, 2005-08-03. Retrieved on 2006-07-18. (in Spanish) 
  3. ^ a b "Iran, Hezbollah charged in 1994 Argentine bombing", Daily Jang, 2006-10-25. Retrieved on 2006-10-25. (in English) 
  4. ^ "Iran charged over Argentina bomb", BBC news, Wednesday, 25 October 2006, 22:47 GMT 23:47 UK. Retrieved on 2006-10-25. (in English) 
  5. ^ a b c Acusa fiscal a Irán y Hezbollah por el ataque en 1994 contra AMIA, Reuters-AFP, October 27, 2006, published on the Spanish-language site Rebellion
  6. ^ Argentina's Iranian nuke connection, Gareth Porter, Nov 15, 2006
  7. ^ Acquittals in Argentine terror case cast a shadow across Panama, The Panama News, September-November 2004, issue 18
  8. ^ Cormier, Bill. "Hezbollah Militant Identified in '94 Blast". AP, 2005-11-09.
  9. ^ a b Buenos Aires bomber 'identified', BBC News, November 10, 2005
  10. ^ a b c Argentine bomb probe judge sacked, BBC News, August 3, 2005
  11. ^ Argentina removes bomb case judge, BBC News, December 3, 2003
  12. ^ "UK refuses to extradite Iranian", BBC News, 2003-11-13. Retrieved on 2006-07-18. 
  13. ^ a b c Flashback: Argentina Bomb, BBC News, August 25, 2003
  14. ^ Iran blamed for Argentina bomb, BBC News, November 6, 2003
  15. ^ CRS Report for Congress, RS 21113, March 31, 2005 Argentina: Political Conditions and U.S. Relations Accessed August 17, 2006
  16. ^ Reabren investigación sobre Carlos Menem, Nueva Sion, March 23, 2005, news-article published on-line by Memoria Activa memorial site
  17. ^ La Cámara de Casación confirma las gravísimas irregularidades cometidas en la investigación del atentado a la AMIA, May 19, 2006, on Memoria Activa website
  18. ^ United States Department of State, April 2005.
  19. ^ Hezbollah again denies involvement in deadly Buenos Aires bombing BEIRUT, March 19 (AFP)
  20. ^ Iran denies Argentina bomb charge, BBC News, 26 October 2006.
  21. ^ D’Elía dice que dos testigos de la AMIA son “disidentes terroristas”, Pagina 12, March 7, 2007

The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Clarín is a major newspaper in Argentina, founded by Roberto Noble on August 28, 1945. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... The Daily Jang () is the largest Urdu language newspaper. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... AFP as an acronym can stand for: Agence France-Presse Alpha-fetoprotein American Free Press Apple Filing Protocol Association for Financial Professionals Armed Forces Police Australia First Party Australian Federal Police Automatic Frequency Planning, a term used in mobile communications Advanced Function Presentation, an IBM printing architecture and file format. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Look up rebellion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (140th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

See also

The Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires was a bomb attack against Israels embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina on March 17, 1992. ...

External links

  • Video periodistico sobre la AMIA(Spanish), perdon por no saber ingles,, resumen,, dice que fue Siria.(solo internet explorer)
  • Libro sobre la Amia de Jorge Lanata
  • AMIA website
  • Sentence of the local connection trial
  • The Jihad against the Jews by Martin Kramer
  • Galeano ousted from post; 3 August 2005 (in Spanish)
  • "Argentina: Absolvieron a todos los imputados del atentado a la AMIA"; 2 September 2004
  • "Argentines criticize investigation of '94 attack" 19 July 2004; New York Times
  • "Argentine bomb police 'to testify'"; 17 September 2003; BBC News
  • "Flashback: Argentina bomb"; 25 August 2003; BBC News
  • "Iran denies Argentina blast role"; 9 March 2003; BBC News
  • The Bombing of the Jewish Community Center in Argentina
  • Pictures from the tenth anniversary commemoration
  • Memorial site (Spanish)
  • Memoria Activa, memorial site, (Spanish) (including official documents)
  • Global Terrorism Analysis - Radical Islam in Latin America

 

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