AMX International AMX
A Brazilian AMX.
Type	Attack aircraft
Manufacturer	AMX International
Maiden flight	1984-05-15
Introduced	1989
Status	Active service
Primary users	Italian Air Force Brazilian Air Force
Produced	1986-present
Number built	~200

The AMX International AMX "Ghibli" is a surface attack aircraft for battlefield interdiction, close air support and reconnaissance missions. It is built by the AMX International joint venture. In the Brazilian Air Force, it is designated the A-1 Centauro. Image File history File links Amx9. ... A ground attack aircraft is an aircraft that is designed to operate very close to the ground, supporting infantry and tanks directly in battle. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... AMX International is a joint venture between Alenia (46. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... The Aeronautica Militare Italiana is the Italian air force. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Close air support (often abbreviated CAS) is the use of military aircraft in a ground attack role against targets in close proximity to friendly troops, in support of ground combat operations. ... Mixed reconnaissance patrol of the Polish Home Army and the Soviet Red Army during Operation Tempest, 1944 Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering of information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation. ... AMX International is a joint venture between Alenia (46. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Centauro is a wheeled tank-destroyer developed by a consortium of manufacturers, the Consorzio Iveco Fiat - Oto Melara. ...

The AMX is capable of operating at high subsonic speed and low altitude, by day or night, and if necessary, from bases with poorly equipped or damaged runways. Low IR signature, reduced radar equivalent cross section and low vulnerability of structure and systems guarantee a high probability of mission success. Integrated ECM, air-to-air missiles and nose-mounted guns provide self-defence capabilities. Subsonic has two possible meanings: A speed lower than the speed of sound is called subsonic. ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... Runway 13R/31L of El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá, D.C. Aerial picture of a runway of Chennai International Airport, Tamil Nadu A runway is a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can take off and land. ... Image of a small dog taken in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... This long range RADAR antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll[1]. RADAR is a system that uses radio waves to determine and map the location, direction, and/or speed... Inspecting an F-16 electronic countermeasures pod Electronic countermeasures or ECM are any sort of electrical or electronic device designed entirely to spoof radar, sonar, or other detection systems. ... A US Navy VF-103 Jolly Rogers F-14 Tomcat fighter launchers an AIM-54 Phoenix long-range air-to-air missile. ...

Development

In 1977, the Italian Air Force issued a requirement for a strike fighter to replace its Aeritalia G.91 and some of its F-104 Starfighters. Rather than competing for the contract, Aeritalia (now Alenia Aeronautica) and Aermacchi agreed to make a joint proposal, as both firms had been considering the development of a similar class of aircraft for some years. Development work began in April 1978. This is a list of aviation-related events from 1977: Events March March 27 - 579 people are killed when two Boeing 747s collide on the runway at Santa Cruz airport, Tenerife. ... The Aeronautica Militare Italiana is the Italian air force. ... A strike fighter is a fighter aircraft which is also capable of attacking surface targets, including ships. ... The Aeritalia G.91, also known as the Fiat G.91 and nicknamed Gina was an Italian fighter aircraft that was intended to serve as standard equipment for NATO air forces in the 1960s. ... The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter is a high-performance supersonic interceptor aircraft, capable of high speeds and climb rates. ... Aeritalia is an aerospace engineering corporation based in Italy, originally Fiats Aircraft division before being renamed, now part of Alenia Aeronautica. ... Aermacchi, formerly Aeronautica Macchi, is an Italian aircraft manufacturer founded in 1913 by Giulio Macchi at Varese in north-western Lombardy, 55 km north of Milan. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1978: Events January January 1 - British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley, and Scottish Aviation are absorbed into British Aerospace April April 1 - The Canadian Snowbirds aerobatic team officially becomes the 431 Air Demonstration Squadron. ...

In March 1981, the Italian government and Brazilian governments agreed on joint requirements for the aircraft, and Embraer was invited to join the partnership in July. This is a list of aviation-related events from 1981: // Events January January 3 - Pan Am makes its final Boeing 707 flight. ... Embraer, the Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A. is a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer. ...

The first prototype flew on May 15 1984. Although it was lost on its fifth flight (killing its pilot), the test programme was otherwise reasonably smooth. Mass production started by mid-1986, with the first examples delivered to the Italian and Brazilian air forces in 1989. Since then, some 200 AMXs have been built. May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1984: Events February February 21 - 14 hours and 2 minutes after taking off from New York, Air France pilot Patrick Fourticq and his companion, race driver Henry Pescarolo, land their Piper Malibu in Paris, setting a world record for a trans... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1986: Events January January 9 - the UK Defence Secretary, Michael Heseltine, resigns amidst a political furore over the future of Westland Helicopters. ... This is a list of aviation-related events from 1989: // Events January January 4 - US Navy F-14 Tomcats shoot down two Libyan Air Force Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23s January 8 - a British Midland Boeing 737-400 crashes on the M1 motorway near Kegworth, killing 32 people. ...

Italian AMX squadrons flew 252 combat sorties over Kosovo as part of Operation Allied Force, without a single loss. For other uses of the name Kosovo, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... An USAF F-15E takes off from Aviano, Italy Operation Allied Force aka Kosovo-NATO War was NATOs military operation against Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that lasted from 24 March to 11 June 1999 and is considered a major part of Kosovo War. ...

In Combat

Italian AMX aircraft were used in 1999 in the Kosovo war. Instead using unguided or more traditional laser-guided bombs, the Italian Air Force used Mk 82 bombs fitted with Israeli Opher guidance kits, effectively converting the "dumb" bombs into an infrared-guided bomb. [1] The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... A laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a free-fall bomb, usually dropped from an aircraft, that is guided to its target by a laser designator The laser is directed at the target, illuminating it. ... The Mark 82 (Mk 82) is an unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb (dumb bomb), part of the U.S. Mark 80 series. ...

Variants

AMX-T

In 1986, development of a two-seat advanced trainer variant was undertaken. This was intended to provide trainee pilots with experience on fast jets, while still retaining the one seater's attack capabilities. The AMX-T first flew in 1990 and equips both the Italian and Brazilian air forces. This is a list of aviation-related events from 1990: Events Pan American World Airways and Trans World Airlines, both in financial difficulty, transfer their coveted landing rights at London Heathrow Airport to American Airlines and United Airlines. ...

AMX-ATA

The AMX Advanced Trainer Attack (AMX-ATA) is a new AMX two-seater, multi-mission attack fighter for combat roles and advanced training. The AMX-ATA incorporates new sensors, a forward looking infrared, helmet-mounted display, a new multi-mode radar for anti-air and anti-ship capability, and new weapon systems including anti-ship missiles and medium-range missiles. The Venezuelan Air Force ordered eight AMX-ATA in 1999 for the advanced trainer and attack aircraft role.

Users

Italian Air Force

• 13 Gruppo/32 Stormo
• 14 Gruppo/2 Stormo (disbanded)
• 28 Gruppo/3 Stormo (disbanded)
• 101 Gruppo/32 Stormo
• 103 Gruppo/51 Stormo
• 132 Gruppo/51 Stormo

Brazilian Air Force

• 1 Esquadrão/16 Grupo
• 1 Esquadrão/10 Grupo
• 3 Esquadrão/10 Grupo

Other

• Thailand ordered and cancelled the AMX.
• Venezuela ordered the aircraft in December 2002, with deliveries expected in 2005.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 2002: Events American Airlines and British Airways drop plans to introduce codesharing on transatlantic flights after U.S. regulators demand that other American carriers be given access to London Heathrow Airport. ...

Specifications (AMX)

Data from Aeronaves^[1] Image File history File links AMX_(AERITALIA,_AERMACCHI,_EMBRAER). ...

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 13.23 m (43 ft 5 in)
• Wingspan: 8.87 m (29 ft 1 in)
• Height: 4.55 m (14 ft 11 in)
• Wing area: 21 m² (226 ft²)
• Empty weight: 6,730 kg (14,840 lb)
• Loaded weight: 10,750 kg (23,700 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,700 lb)
• Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan, 49 kN (11,000 lbf)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 1,160 km/h (626 knots, 721 mph)
• Cruise speed: 950 km/h (510 knots, 590 mph)
• Range: 3,330 km (1,800 nm, 2,070 mi)
• Service ceiling: 13,000 m (43,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 52 m/s (10,000 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 512 kg/m² (105 lb/ft²)
• Thrust/weight: 0.47

Armament

• Guns:
  
  • 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan rotary cannon (Italian aircraft) or
  • 2× 30 mm (1.18 in) DEFA 544 cannon (Brazilian aircraft)
• Missiles: 2× AIM-9 Sidewinders or MAA-1 Piranhas carried on wingtip rails
• Bombs: 3,800 kg (8,380 lb) on 5 external hardpoints, including general-purpose and laser-guided bombs, air-to-ground missiles, and rockets

The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft is allowed to try to achieve flight. ... The Spey is a low-bypass turbofan engine from Rolls-Royce that has been in widespread service for over 30 years. ... CFM56-3 turbofan, lower half, side view. ... VNO of an aircraft is the V speed which refers to the velocity of normal operation. ... VC may stand for: vehicular cycling Venture capital Vice-county Victoria Cross Viet Cong Vinyl chloride Virginia Central Railway (AAR reporting mark VC) virtual circuit Visual C++ Volkov Commander (file manager) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: ISO country code This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages... The maximal total range is the distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing as limited by its fuel capacity. ... In aeronautics, the service ceiling is the maximum density altitude where the best rate of climb airspeed will produce a 100 feet per minute climb(twin engine) and 50 feet(single engine) at maximum weight while in a clean configuration with maximum continuous power. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. ... Thrust-to-weight ratio (where weight means weight at the Earths surface) is a dimensionless parameter characteristic of rocket and jet engines, and of vehicles propelled by such engines (typically space launch vehicles and jet aircraft). ... The 20mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition, commonly the smallest caliber which is unambiguously a cannon (or more commonly today, autocannon) and not a heavy machine gun. ... Unmounted M61 Vulcan The 20 mm M61 Vulcan is a hydraulically or pneumatically driven, six-barreled, air-cooled, electrically fired Gatling-style gun with an extremely high rate of fire. ... M242 Bushmaster autocannon on an M2 Bradley. ... Sidewinder Missile The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range, air-to-air missile carried by fighter aircraft and recently, certain gunship helicopters. ...

Notes

1. ^ A-1 (AMX). Força Aérea Brasileira.

Related content

Related development

• Aermacchi MB-340

Comparable aircraft

• CASA C-101
• BAE Hawk

  MB-340 was the designation given by Italian aircraft manufacturer Aermacchi to a design study being undertaken for a light ground attack aircraft in the early 1970s. ... Royal Jordanian Air Force C-101CC-04 Patrulla Aguilas Aviojet Patrulla Aguila getting very close at RIAT 2005! The CASA C-101 Aviojet is a Spanish jet-powered trainer aircraft currently in use by the air forces of Spain, Chile, Honduras, and Jordan. ... The BAE Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 as the Hawker-Siddeley Hawk. ...

Related lists

• List of attack aircraft
• List of military aircraft of Italy
• List of military aircraft of Brazil

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