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ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on text terminals. In this context, ANSI refers to the ANSI X3.64 standard (which was withdrawn in 1997). It was replaced by ISO/IEC 6429, and is equivalent to ECMA-48. A typical text terminal produces input and displays output and errors A text terminal or often just terminal (sometimes text console) is a serial computer interface for text entry and display. ...
The American National Standards Institute or ANSI (pronounced an-see) is a nonprofit organization that oversees the development of standards for products, services, processes and systems in the United States. ...
“ISO†redirects here. ...
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international standards organization dealing with electrical, electronic and related technologies. ...
Ecma International is an international, private (membership-based) standards organization for information and communication systems. ...
Most of these escape sequences start with the characters ESC (ASCII decimal 27/hex 0x1B/octal 033) and [ (left bracket). This sequence is called CSI for Control Sequence Introducer (or Control Sequence Initiator). There is a single-character CSI (155/0x9B/0233) as well. The ESC+[ two-character sequence is more often used than the single-character alternative, although terminals which support ISO 8859 recognize either sequence. Other devices, e.g., those supporting only ASCII (7-bits), or which implement 8-bit code pages which use the 0x80–0x9F control character range for other purposes will recognize only the two-character sequence. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
For other uses, see Decimal (disambiguation). ...
In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, base-16, or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16, usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F, or a–f. ...
The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. ...
(Redirected from 0x) In mathematics, hexadecimal or simply hex is a numeral system with a radix or base of 16 usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F or a–f. ...
The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7. ...
ISO 8859, more formally ISO/IEC 8859, is a joint ISO and IEC standard for 8-bit character encodings for use by computers. ...
Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ...
Support
Most terminal emulators running on Unix-like systems such as Linux have support built in, as do such systems' native consoles. Apple Terminal. ...
Diagram of the relationships between several Unix-like systems A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. ...
This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ...
Windows and DOS Windows 95, Windows 98 and DOS systems need a device driver for the ANSI codes - the de facto standard being ANSI.SYS, but others are used as well. Console windows in Windows versions based on NT (NT4, 2000 Professional, 2000 Server, XP, Server 2003, Vista, Server "Longhorn") do not natively support ANSI Escape sequences, though some support is possible. By adding the following line to the CONFIG.NT file located in the Windows System32 directory, ANSI output from 16-bit legacy programs executing under the NTVDM will be interpreted: A device driver, or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a computer hardware device. ...
ANSI.SYS is a device driver in MS-DOS (and related operating systems) that provides extra console functions through ANSI escape codes. ...
Virtual DOS machine (VDM) is the name of Microsofts technologies allowing to run MS-DOS programs on Intel 80386 or higher computers when there is already another operating system running and controlling the hardware. ...
DEVICE=%SystemRoot%system32ANSI.SYS Some support is also offered through alternate command processors such as JP Software's 4NT and Michael J. Mefford's ANSI.COM. 4NT is a command line interpreter by JP Software, designed as a substitute for the default command interpreter cmd. ...
In other words, 32-bit character-mode windows applications can not write ANSI escape sequences to the console, but must interpret their actions and call the native Console API intrinsic to accomplish the proper result. Note that the window's Console API does have some restrictions regarding blink, underline and reverse VGA attributes. In exchange for blink, the screen allows for bright background colors. No access from user-mode is given to set the underlying registers. The following attribute bits for SetConsoleTextAttribute() have no function even though they are listed:
COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE Reverse can be emulated in one's code without much difficulty.
If ANSI.SYS is loaded in MS-DOS, the escape character can be specified as $e in the prompt command, e.g. prompt $e[44m;... would specify a blue background as part of the prompt. In most modern programming languages it can be specified as "" (Perl and Ruby also offer the equivalent "e"), in Java it can be specified as "u001B", and in QBasic or GWBASIC, it can be specified as CHR$(27) or CHR$(&H1B). Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ...
In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is one which has a special meaning in a sequence of characters. ...
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Perl Programming Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. ...
Ruby is a reflective, dynamic, object-oriented programming language. ...
Java language redirects here. ...
QBasic is an IDE and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBasic. ...
GW-BASIC (named after Greg Whitten, an early Microsoft employee and is known more affectionately as gee-whiz) was a dialect of BASIC developed by Microsoft, originally for Compaq. ...
Note: most devices only support a subset of the SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) codes.
Codes The general structure of an ANSI code is CSI n1 ; n2... letter. The numbers are optional parameters, and the final letter specifies the command. The default value used for omitted parameters varies with the command; it is usually 1 or 0. Some ANSI codes | Code | Name | Effect | | CSI n A | CUU | Moves the cursor n (default 1) cells in the given direction. If the cursor is already at the edge of the screen, this has no effect.
CUU: Up; CUD: Down; CUF: Forward; CUB: Back; | | CSI n B | CUD | | CSI n C | CUF | | CSI n D | CUB | | CSI n E | CNL | Moves cursor to beginning of the line n (default 1) lines down (next line). | | CSI n F | CPL | Moves cursor to beginning of the line n (default 1) lines up (previous line). | | CSI n G | CHA | Moves the cursor to column n. | | CSI n ; m H | CUP | Moves the cursor to row n, column m. The values are 1-based, and default to 1 (top left corner) if omitted. A sequence such as CSI ;5H is a synonym for CSI 1;5H as well as CSI 17;H is the same as CSI 17H and CSI 17;1H | | CSI n J | ED | Clears part of the screen. If n is zero (or missing), clear from cursor to end of screen. If n is one, clear from cursor to beginning of the screen. If n is two, clear entire screen (and moves cursor to upper left on MS-DOS ANSI.SYS). | | CSI n K | EL | Erases part of the line. If n is zero (or missing), clear from cursor to the end of the line. If n is one, clear from cursor to beginning of the line. If n is two, clear entire line. Cursor position does not change. | | CSI n S | SU | Scroll whole page up by n (default 1) lines. New lines are added at the bottom. (not ANSI.SYS) | | CSI n T | SD | Scroll whole page down by n (default 1) lines. New lines are added at the top. (not ANSI.SYS) | | CSI n ; m f | HVP | Moves the cursor to row n, column m. Both default to 1 if omitted. Same as CUP | | CSI n [;k] m | SGR | Sets SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters. After CSI can be zero or more parameters separated with ;. With no parameters, CSI m is treated as CSI 0 m (reset / normal), which is typical of most of the ANSI codes. | | CSI 6 n | DSR | Reports the cursor position to the application as (as though typed at the keyboard) ESC[n;mR, where n is the row and m is the column. (May not work on MS-DOS.) | | CSI s | SCP | Saves the cursor position. | | CSI u | RCP | Restores the cursor position. | | CSI ?25l | | Hides the cursor. | | CSI ?25h | | Shows the cursor. | Color table[1] | Intensity | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | | Normal | Black | Red | Green | Yellow | Blue | Magenta | Cyan | White | reset | | Bright | Black | Red | Green | Yellow | Blue | Magenta | Cyan | White | SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters | Code | Effect | Note | | 0 | Reset / Normal | all attributes off | | 1 | Intensity: Bold | | | 2 | Intensity: Faint | not widely supported | | 3 | Italic: on | not widely supported. Sometimes treated as inverse. | | 4 | Underline: Single | not widely supported | | 5 | Blink: Slow | less than 150 per minute | | 6 | Blink: Rapid | MS-DOS ANSI.SYS; 150 per minute or more | | 7 | Image: Negative | inverse or reverse; swap foreground and background | | 8 | Conceal | not widely supported | | 21 | Underline: Double | | | 22 | Intensity: Normal | not bold and not faint | | 24 | Underline: None | | | 25 | Blink: off | | | 27 | Image: Positive | | | 28 | Reveal | conceal off | | 30–39 | Set foreground color, normal intensity | 3x, where x is from the color table above | | 40–49 | Set background color, normal intensity | 4x, where x is from the color table above | | 90–99 | Set foreground color, high intensity | aixterm | | 100–109 | set background color, high intensity | aixterm |
Examples CSI 0 ; 6 8 ; "DIR" ; 13 p — This re-assigns the key F10 to send to the keyboard buffer the string "DIR" and ENTER, which in the DOS command line would display the contents of the current directory. (MS-DOS ANSI.SYS only)
CSI 2 J — This clears the screen and, on some devices, locates the cursor to the y,x position 1,1 (upper left corner).
CSI 32 m — This makes text green. On MS-DOS, normally the green would be dark, dull green, so you may wish to enable Bold with the code CSI 1 m which would make it bright green, or combined as CSI 32 ; 1 m. MS-DOS ANSI.SYS uses the Bold state to make the character Bright; also the Blink state can be set (via INT 10, AX 1003h, BL 00h) to render the Background in the Bright mode. MS-DOS ANSI.SYS does not support SGR codes 90–97 and 100–107 directly.
CSI s — This saves the cursor position. Using the code CSI u will restore it to the position. Say the current cursor position is 7(y) and 10(x). The code CSI s will save those two numbers. Now you can move to a different cursor position, such as 20(y) and 3(x), using the code CSI 20 ; 3 H or CSI 20 ; 3 f. Now if you use the code CSI u the cursor position will return to 7(y) and 10(x). Some terminals require the DEC sequences ESC 7 / ESC 8 instead.
See also A screenshot of TheDraw editing an ANSI art picture of a shuttle; the purple text blinks ANSI art is a computer artform that was widely used at one time on BBSes. ...
In computing, a control character or non-printing character, is a code point (a number) in a character set that does not in itself represent a written symbol. ...
This article is about the concept in Hindu philosophy. ...
Notes - ^ The names are standard, however the exact shade/hue/value of colors are not standardized and will depend on the device used to display them.
External links - Standard ECMA-48: Control Functions for Coded Character Sets 5th edition (June 1991)
- ANSI Escape Code Usage Example
- ANSI.SYS -- ansi terminal emulation escape sequences
- ANSI/VT100 Terminal Control Escape Sequences Note: VT100's do not do color
- Xterm / Escape Sequences
- AIXterm / Escape Sequences
- A collection of escape sequences for terminals that are vaguely compliant with ECMA-48 and friends.
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