APV chemical structure

APV (also called AP5) is a selective NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist that competitively inhibits the active site of NMDAR. Its chemical name is 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate. Structure of APV (2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate), by User:Diberri. ... Structure of APV (2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate), by User:Diberri. ... The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate (NMDA (N-methyl d-aspartate) is a name of its selective specific agonist). ... Antagonists In medicine and biology, a receptor antagonist is a substance that inhibits the normal physiological function of a receptor. ... In Chemistry:A chemical inhibitor is any substance which will prevent any two other substances from reacting due to its presence, often by reacting with one or the other first. ... The active site of an enzyme is the binding site where catalysis occurs. ...

APV blocks the cellular analog of classical conditioning in the sea slug Aplysia californica, and has similar effects on Aplysia long-term potentiation, since NMDA receptors are required for both. It is sometimes used in conjunction with the calcium chelator BAPTA to determine whether NMDARs are required for a particular cellular process. Classical conditioning (also Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning) is a type of associative learning. ... Sea slug can mean: (in zoology, strict sense): animals of the order Opisthobranchia, or specifically: Nudibranch (often in literature, for example as translation of the Japanese namako): Holothurian This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Binomial name Aplysia californica Cooper, 1863 The California sea slug (Aplysia californica), also called the California sea hare, is a species of sea hare which belongs to the class Gastropoda in the phylum Mollusca. ... An example of long-term potentiation (LTP). ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... Chelation (from Greek, claw like) describes the reversible binding of an organic ligand, the chelator or chelating agent, to a metal ion, forming a metal complex, the chelate. ... Categories: Stub | Amines | Aromatic compounds | Carboxylic acids | Ethers ...

APV is generally very fast acting within in vitro preparations, and can block NMDA receptor action at a reasonably small dose. The active isomer of APV is considered to be the D configuration, although many preparations are available as a racemic mixture of D- and L-isomers. It is useful to isolate the action of other glutamate receptors in the brain, i.e. AMPA and kainate receptors. Wiktionary has a definition of: In vitro In vitro (Latin: within glass) means within a test tube, or, more generally, outside a living organism or cell. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. ... In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecule. ... Glutamate is the anion of glutamic acid. ... Categories: Chemistry stubs | Biochemicals ... Kainate is a specific agonist for kainate receptor. ...

APV can block the conversion of a silent synapse to an active one, since this conversion is NMDA receptor-dependent. In neuroscience, a silent synapse is one whose postsynaptic membrane contains NMDA receptors but no AMPA receptors. ...

APV was developed by Jeff Watkins and Harry Olverman.

References

• Cellular Analog of Differential Classical Conditioning in Aplysia: Disruption by the NMDA Receptor Antagonist DL-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovalerate