Abdul Haq (born Humayoun Arsala; April 23, 1958 - October 26, 2001) was an Afghan Pashtun mujahideen commander who fought against the Soviets and Afghan commmunists during the Soviet-Afghan War. He was executed by the Taliban in October 2001 while trying to create a popular uprising in Afghanistan in the wake of the September 11th attacks. April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Mujahideen (Arabic: ‎, , strugglers) is an Islamic term for Muslim holy-warriors. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (and largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution   - Declared... The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... Flag flown by the Taliban. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ...

Early life

Haq was born in Fatehbad (Afghanistan), a small village in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, although he quickly moved with his family to Helmand. His father, Mohammed Ana, was an official representative for the Nangarhar construction company in Helmand, and relatively wealthy by Afghan standards.^[1] His family was well connected, part of the Arsala Khel family, the Jabar Khel clan, and the land-owning Ahmadzai tribe. His paternal great-grandfather, Wazir Arsala Khan, had once been the foreign minister of Afghanistan; a cousin, Hedayat Arsala, was a World Bank director working in Washington D.C. who later became Vice President of Afghanistan in Hamid Karzai's administration.^[2] Haq also had two older brothers: Din Mohammed and Abdul Qadir. From his own account, Haq was an unruly child, who after persuading his father to register him for school at the early age of five, once hit a teacher who was sleeping on the job.^[3] A year after that his 51 year old father died of kidney disease, prompting Din Mohammed to assume leadership of the family,^[4] and prompting the family to move back to their extended family in Nangarhar. Nangarhar is a eastern Province of Afghanistan which borders Pakistan. ... Helmand (Persian: هلمند) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Khel is part of Pashtun tribal name signifying thier sub-tribe. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Hedayat Amin Arsala is a prominent Afghan Politician. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي, Persian: حامد کرزی) (b. ... Hajji Abdul Qadir (c. ...

Back in Fatehbad, Haq began attending Koranic school under the tutelege of local mullahs, and once reaching the age of eight, began studying at the lycée. It was here where he started challenging the Communist ideology of some of his teachers.^[5] A Madrasah complex in The Gambia Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ... See also Akhoond, alternate title for such an individual Shaykh Categories: | | | | | ...

Mujahideen years

Haq was born into the politically prominent Arsala family in Afghanistan, with ties to former King Zahir Shah. His brother Abdul Qadir was an early backer of Hamid Karzai, who was rewarded with a cabinet position, before he was assassinated in 2002. His other brother, Haji Din Muhammad, is the leader of the Khalis party.^[6] Mohammed Zahir Shah (born October 16, 1914) was the last King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973. ... Hajji Abdul Qadir (c. ... Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي, Persian: حامد کرزی) (b. ...

Haq first engaged in the fight against communist domination of Afghanistan in 1977 when he fought in the Gulbuddin Hekmatyar faction of Hezb-i-Islami.^[7] He later switched to the faction lead by Mulavi Younas Khalis. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Haq coordinated mujahideen actvities in the province of Kabul.^[6] His tactical skills and bravery lead to his achieving a remarkable reputation as a uniter and in achieving leadership positions throughout Afghanistan. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1947 in Imam Saheb, Kunduz province, Afghanistan) is an Afghan warlord. ... Hezbi Islami (also Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezb-e-Islami) is a military force in Afghanistan led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, and established by him in Pakistan during 1975. ... Maulavi Younis Khalis is a criminal who robbed and killed hundreds of people in Nangarhar province. ... Combatants Soviet Union Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Afghan Mujahideen rebels supported by nations such as: United States, Pakistan, Iran, China, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom Commanders Soviet forces only Boris Gromov Pavel Grachev Valentin Varennikov Jalaluddin Haqqani Abdul Haq Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Mohammed Younas Khalis Ismail Khan Ahmed Shah Massoud Sibghatullah Mojadeddi... Mujahideen (Arabic: ‎, , strugglers) is an Islamic term for Muslim holy-warriors. ... Kabul, Kâbl (locally: کابل), is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan with a population of approximately 3 million people. ...

The Guardian reported that Haq was injured twelve times, including losing part of one leg. Due to his leg injuries, he always entered battle on horse-back.^[7]

Post-war period

Haq was briefly a cabinet minister in charge of internal security during the period after the ouster of the communists, and the Taliban's assumption of power -- but he left due to the internecine struggles, and settled in Dubai, where he was a successful trader.^[7] Flag flown by the Taliban. ... Coordinates: Emirate Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area    - City 4,114 km² Population    - City (2006) 1,241,000[1]  - Density 293. ...

In 1998 he became a United Nations Peace Mediator.^[7] The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

In January 1998, unknown assailants killed Haq's watchman, entered his home, and murdered his wife and son in Hayatabad. Another of Haq's sons survived the raid.^[8] Hayatabad is a modern residential area at south-eastern fringe of Peshawar the capital of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. ...

9/11 and execution

Following the al-Qaeda attacks of September 11, 2001 against the United States, Haq entered Afghanistan from Pakistan and tried to lead an uprising against the Taliban. He was captured by the Taliban along with nineteen others between the towns of Hisarak and Azro, and was executed on October 26, 2001 by being shot execution style and then was hung.^[6] The Guardian speculates that his capture was due to a betrayal by double agents.^[7] Some reports soon after his death blamed the CIA for siding too closely with Pakistan's ISI, (who did not care for his ability to join Afghans across ethnic lines), and not supporting Haq in Afghanistan.^[9] Al-Qaeda (Arabic: القاعدة, the foundation or the base) is the name given to a worldwide network of militant Islamist organizations under the leadership of Osama bin Laden. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... Hesarak or Hisarak may refer to: Hesarak, Karaj Hisarak, Afghanistan Category: ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Government. ... Military manpower Military age 16 years of age Availability 39,028,014 (2005) Males ages 16-49 Reaching military age males: 1,969,055 (2005) Active troops 620,000 (Ranked 7th) Military expenditures Dollar figure $3. ...

An obituary in The Guardian called him an "astute leader", and one of the few leaders capable of working to bring together a working pan-ethnic loya jirga.^[7] The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Loya Jirga (June 13, 2002) Loya jirga, occasionally loya jirgah, is a large meeting held in Afghanistan, originally attended by Pashtun groups but later including other ethnic groups. ...

Notes

September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Kaplan, Robert D. Soldiers of God: With the Mujahidin in Afghanistan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. ISBN 0-395-521327

External links

• Abdul Haq Foundation
• Afghan Warrior: The Life and Death of Abdul Haq, BBC Four
• Warlords of Afghanistan: Abdul Haq