Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam (1893 - 1976) was an Egyptian diplomat, with family origins in Libya (Nisan, 2002). He served as the first secretary-general of the Arab League between 1945 and 1952. 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... A large number of international organizations and other bodies have a Secretary General or Secretary-General as their chief administrative officers or in other administrative capacities. ... Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1952 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Azzam also had a long career as an ambassador and parliamentarian. He was an Egyptian nationalist and one of the foremost proponents of pan-Arab idealism – viewpoints he did not see as contradictory - and was passionately opposed to the partition of Palestine (Louis, 1986). For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ... A parliamentarian is a specialist in parliamentary procedure. ... The term Palestine may refer to: The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, sometimes collectively referred to as the Palestinian territories-this usage is the most popular for the word Palestine Palestine (region): A geographical region in the Middle East, centered on Jerusalem. ...

One of Azzam's first acts as secretary-general was to condemn Egypt's anti-Jewish rioting of November 2-3, 1945 during which Jewish and other non-Muslim owned shops were destroyed and the Ashkenazi synagogue in Cairo's Muski quarter was set aflame (Beinin, 1998, pp. 64-65). Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכֲּנָזִי אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים Standard Hebrew, Aškanazi,Aškanazim, Tiberian Hebrew, ʾAškănāzî, ʾAškănāzîm), are Jews descended from the Jewish communities of Germany, Poland, Austria, and Eastern Europe mostly established between the 10th and 19th centuries. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ...

On 2 March 1946, in an address to The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry into the Problems of European Jewry and Palestine, Azzam explained the Arab League’s attitude towards the Palestinian question and refuted the Zionist claim to Palestine: A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ...

Our brother has gone to Europe and to the West [and] come back a Russified Jew, a Polish Jew, a German Jew, an English Jew. He has come back with a totally different conception of things. Western and not Eastern… but Jew old cousin, coming back with imperialistic ideas, with reactionary or revolutionary ideas… he is not the old cousin and we do not extend to him a very good welcome (quoted in Louis, 1986, pp. 145-146).

On 11 May 1948 Azzam warned the Egyptian government that owing to public pressure and strategic issues it would be difficult for Arab leaders to avoid intervention in the Palestine War, and that Egypt could find itself isolated if it did not act in concert with its neighbors. Azzam believed that King Abdullah of Jordan had decided to move his forces into Palestine on 15 May regardless of what the other Arabs did and would occupy the Arab part of Palestine whilst blaiming other Arab states for failure. King Farouk of Egypt resolved to contain Abdullah and prevent him from gaining further influence and power in the Arab arena (Gerges, 2001, pp. 154-155). Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn, was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921-1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946 – 1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1949-1951). ... The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, called the War of Independence (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) by Israelis and al Nakba (Arabic: النكبة, the catastrophe) by Arabs, was the first in a series of wars in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Farouk of Egypt King Farouk of Egypt (February 11, 1920 – March 18, 1965) was the penultimate King of Egypt, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936. ...

On 27 August 1948, in response to charges by Azzam that Palestinians remaining in the (now) Israeli town of Acre were being mistreated the United Nations sent an observer from France, Lieutenant Petit to investigate. Petit found that around 80 Palestinians had been killed, mostly for no reason. One of Petit’s witnesses also reported six cases of rape. Another, Mohammed Fayez Soufi, reported that he and four other Arabs had been stopped by a group of 15 Jewish soliders and forced to drink poison (an acid of potassium). Soufi did not drink the poison but fell down to the ground with the other men. Three of the men died. Petit also reported allegations that Arab children were being kidnapped and killed, but these were unverified. He was able to verify allegations that soldiers were looting homes systematically and distributing the goods to Jewish immigrants (Torstrick, 2000, pp. 55-56). The Old City of Akko in the 19th or early 20th century, looking south-west from atop the Land Wall Promenade, the open space now a parking lot. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ...

Vincent Sheean points out in his introduction to the book "The Eternal Message of Muhammad", (published by Azzam in Arabic in 1938 under the title The Hero of Heroes or the most Prominent Attribute of the Prophet Muhammad), "In Damascus as well as in Djakarta, Istanbul and Baghdad, this man is known for valour of spirit and elevation of mind... he combines in the best Islamic mode, the aspects of thought and action, like the Muslim warriors of another time who are typified for us Westerners by the figure of Saladin." In the book Azzam extols the Prophet’s virtues of bravery, love, the ability to forgive, and eloquence in pursuit of the diplomatic resolution of conflict and argues that Islam is incompatible with racism or fanatical attachment to "tribe, nation, color, language, or culture" (Rippin, 2000, pp. 197-198). This page is about the capital city of Indonesia. ... This article is about the city. ... A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. ... This article is about the Muslim general, for the British armoured vehicle named after him, see Alvis Saladin. ...

Malcolm X’s reading of The Eternal Message of Muhammad and his meeting with Azzam Pasha are vividly recounted in his autobiography. It is clear that these events marked the point in his life at which Malcolm X turned towards orthodox traditional Islam. Malcolm X Malcolm X (May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 – also: Malcolm Little, Detroit Red, El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and Omowale) was a spokesman for the Nation of Islam, and a founder of both the Muslim Mosque, Inc. ...

References

• Beinin, J. (1998). The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry. University of California Press. ISBN 0520211758
• Gerges, F. A. (2001). Egypt and the 1948 War: Internal conflict and regional ambition. In E. L. Rogan, A. Shlaim, C. Tripp, J. A. Clancy-Smith, I. Gershoni, R. Owen, Y. Sayigh & J. E. Tucker (Eds.), The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (pp. 151-177). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521794765
• Louis, W. R. (1986). British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198229607
• Morris, B. (2003). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521811201
• Nachmani, A. (1988). Great Power Discord in Palestine: The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry into the Problems of European Jewry and Palestine, 1945-1946. London: Routledge. ISBN 0714632988
• Nisan, M. (2002). Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0786413751
• Rippin, A. (2000). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415217822
• Torstrick, R. L. (2000). The Limits of Coexistence: Identity Politics in Israel. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472111248

External links

• The Islamic Texts Society
• The Eternal Message Of Muhammad by Abd-al-Rahman Azzam