Abdul Rashid Dostum
Born 1954 (age 53–54)
Abdul Rashid Dostum
Nickname	Heavy D[1]
Place of birth	Afghanistan
Allegiance	1978 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1979 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1979-87 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1979-89 Soviet Occupation 1989-92 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1992-94 Mujahideen allied with Massoud 1994-97Mujahideen allied with Hekmatyar 2001-Present Northern Alliance later Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's government
Battles/wars	Soviet war in Afghanistan Civil war in Afghanistan (1992-1996) Civil war in Afghanistan (1996-2001)

Abdul Rashid Dostum 1954 (age 53–54) was a former Pro-Soviet fighter during the Soviet Invasion and the current leader of Uzbek-Afghan northern provinces.He joined the Afghan military in 1978, fighting with the Soviets and against the mujahideen throughout the 1980s before switching sides and joining the mujahideen. Dostum would again switch sides and has become infamous for his switching of allegiances. Most recently he was a general and Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Afghan National Army a role often viewed as ceremonial.^[2] He is the principal leader of Afghanistan's Uzbek community.^{[citation needed]} In early 2008 he was removed from his army role because the Akbar Bai kidnapping Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ... Ahmad Shah Massoud(Persian: ) (c. ... Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1947) Islamist Mujahideen leader and warlord. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Northern Alliance may refer to: NATO The Afghan Northern Alliance The white supremacist group of Canada The Northern Alliance Radio Network of conservative bloggers This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Afghanistan (Pashtu/Dari-Persian: Afğānistān افغانستان) is a country in Central Asia. ... Belligerents DRA USSR Mujahideen of Afghanistan Commanders Soviet 40th Army: Sergei Sokolov Valentin Varennikov Boris Gromov DRA: Babrak Karmal Mohammad Najibullah Abdul Rashid Dostum Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Ismail Khan Ahmad Shah Massoud Strength Soviet forces: 80,000-104,000 Afghan forces: 329,000 (in 1989)[1] 45... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... Mujahideen (Arabic: ‎, , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... The Afghan National Army (ANA) is a service branch of the Military of Afghanistan currently being trained by the coalition forces to ultimately take the lead in land-based military operations in Afghanistan. ... Abdul Rashid Dostum 1954 (age 53–54) was a former Pro-Soviet fighter during the Soviet Invasion and the current leader of Uzbek-Afghan northern provinces. ...

Bio

Early life

Dostum was born in Khvajeh Do Kuh, Afghanistan. In 1970 he began to work in a state-owned gas refinery in Sheberghan, Jowzjan Province, participating in union politics. Sheberghan (also spelled Shebirghan and Shibarghan) is the capital city of the northern Jowzjan Province in Afghanistan. ... Jowzjan province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... The Lawrence textile strike (1912), with soldiers surrounding peaceful demonstrators A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions, forming a cartel of labour. ...

The Saur Revolution

Main article: Soviet war in Afghanistan

On July 17, 1973 former Prime Minister Daoud seized power in an almost bloodless military coup through charges of corruption and poor economic conditions against Afghan king Mohammad Zahir Shah's government. Daoud put an end to the monarchy but his attempts at economic and social reforms were unsuccessful. Intense opposition from the factions of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was sparked by the repression imposed on them by Daoud's regime and the death of a leading PDPA member Mir Akbar Khyber.^[3] Belligerents DRA USSR Mujahideen of Afghanistan Commanders Soviet 40th Army: Sergei Sokolov Valentin Varennikov Boris Gromov DRA: Babrak Karmal Mohammad Najibullah Abdul Rashid Dostum Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Ismail Khan Ahmad Shah Massoud Strength Soviet forces: 80,000-104,000 Afghan forces: 329,000 (in 1989)[1] 45... Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan (July 18, 1909 - April 28, 1978) was an Afghani statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). ... Mohammed Zahir Shah (born October 16, 1914) was the last King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973. ... The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (in Persian: حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان, in Pashto: د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند, PDPA) was a Soviet-aligned Revisionist party that ruled Afghanistan from 1978 to 1991 with the help of 12000 Russian troops. ...

As the government started to arm the staff of the oil and gas refineries (creating “groups for the defense of the revolution”)^{[citation needed]} Dostum was, on the basis of his military training, encouraged to enlist.^{[citation needed]} His group, in response to increasing conflict, was deployed in the rural areas around Sheberghan, under the auspices of the Ministry of National Security. Petro redirects here. ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... Sheberghan (also spelled Shebirghan and Shibarghan) is the capital city of the northern Jowzjan Province in Afghanistan. ...

By the mid 1980s his platoon had grown in stature, reaching a company level by at least 1987 and a regimental level, Regiment 734, by 1988.^{[citation needed]} While the unit recruited throughout Jowzjan and had a relatively broad base, many of its early troops and commanders came from Dostum's home village, Khoja Dukoh, and these represented the core of the unit at that juncture and again when it was reconstituted after 2001. He left the army after the purge of Parchamis^{[citation needed]}, but returned after the Soviet occupation began. A communist group in Afghanistan formed in 1967 by USSRs help. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

Soviet Invasion

Main article: Soviet war in Afghanistan

As the situation in Afghanistan deteriorated with massive uprising occurring all over the country then Prime Minister, Hafizullah Amin, seized control when he overthrew President Nur Mohammad Taraki (Taraki had himself seized power from Daoud). A few days later, Amin's government announced that Taraki died of an "undisclosed illness". Belligerents DRA USSR Mujahideen of Afghanistan Commanders Soviet 40th Army: Sergei Sokolov Valentin Varennikov Boris Gromov DRA: Babrak Karmal Mohammad Najibullah Abdul Rashid Dostum Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Ismail Khan Ahmad Shah Massoud Strength Soviet forces: 80,000-104,000 Afghan forces: 329,000 (in 1989)[1] 45... Hafizullah Amin (Pashto: حفيظ الله امين) (August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... Nur Muhammad Taraki (1913? - 1979) was an Afghan political figure amateur poet, and publicly-notorious revolutionary. ...

With Amin in power the Soviet Union became alarmed when KGB reports of Amin seeking to cut ties to the Soviet Union and ally with Communist China and Pakistan surfaced. On December 27th 1979, the Soviet Union decided to invade and seize control of the country. As planned, president Hafizullah Amin was killed in the fighting and the Soviet military command at Termez, Uzbek SSR, announced on Radio Kabul that Afghanistan had been "liberated" from Amin's rule. December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Termez (Termiz in Uzbek; Termes in German) is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan. ... State motto: Uzbek: Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Tashkent Official language None. ... Radio Kabul is the official radio station of Afghanistan. ...

Mujahideen attacks were still a problem and by this time Dostum was commanding a militia battalion to fight them. This became a regiment and ultimately was incorporated into the defense forces as the 53rd Infantry Division, but reporting directly to then-President Mohammad Najibullah. He then joined the Ministry of State Security and became commander of unit 374 in Jowzjan. He defended the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the United States-backed mujahideen in the 1980s. Although he was only a regional commander, he had largely raised the militia he fought with on his own. Dr. Mohammad Najibullah (Pashto/Persian: ‎ ; born 1947, died September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was the communist governance in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. ...

The Jowzjani militia, as it became known, was one of the few militia forces to be used outside of its region. They were deployed in Qandahar in 1988 when Soviet forces withdrew. He also supported the Gorbachev-era Communist reforms in Afghanistan. For the hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada; see Kandahar, Saskatchewan. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ...

Joins the Mujahideen

On April 18, 1992, he revolted against the government of President Najibullah, allying with Ahmad Shah Massoud. Together, they captured Kabul, the Afghan capital. He commanded the principal militia force in Kabul that ousted Najibullah, creating episodes of kidnapping, looting and fighting.^{[citation needed]} He fought in coalition with Ahmad Shah Masoud of the Northern Alliance against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, in 1992. is the 108th day of the year (109th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Ahmad Shah Massoud(Persian: ) (c. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Looting (which derives via the Hindi lut from Sanskrit lung, to rob), sacking, plundering, or pillaging is the indiscriminate taking of goods by force as part of a military or political victory, or during a catastrophe or riot, such as during war,[1] natural disaster,[2] or rioting. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ahmad Shāh MasÅ«d (Persian: ‎ ) (c. ... Northern Alliance may refer to: NATO The Afghan Northern Alliance The white supremacist group of Canada The Northern Alliance Radio Network of conservative bloggers This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1947) Islamist Mujahideen leader and warlord. ...

Civil War

Main article: Civil war in Afghanistan

In 1994, Dostum again switched sides, allying with forces of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, in once more laying siege on Kabul, this time against the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani and Massoud. The Civil war in Afghanistan, also known as Afghan Civil War, began in 1978 and has continued since, though it has included several distinct phases. ... Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (born 1947) Islamist Mujahideen leader and warlord. ... (October 1995 - September 27 1996) during the Second Afghan Civil War Categories: | ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In 1996, following the rise of the Taliban and their capture of Herat and Kabul, Dostum realigned himself with Rabbani against the Taliban. The Taliban captured Kabul in 1996, forcing Dostum to retreat to Mazar-i-Sharif. The Taliban (Pashto: - , also anglicised as Taleban) are a Sunni Islamist and Pashtun nationalist movement[2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance and NATO countries. ... Herāt (Persian: ‎ ) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... The Taliban (Pashto: - , also anglicised as Taleban) are a Sunni Islamist and Pashtun nationalist movement[2] that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when their leaders were removed from power by a cooperative military effort between the Northern Alliance and NATO countries. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Mazār-e Sharīf, also known as Mazar-e-Sharif, Mazar-i Sharif and Mazar-i-Sharif (in Persian مزار شریف), is a city in northern Afghanistan and the capital of Balkh province. ...

Malik's Betrayal

Much like other northern alliance leaders, Dostum also faced infighting within his group. Power struggles between Dostum and Malik came to a head when Malik decided to assist the Taliban in Mazari-Sharif to topple Dostum. General Abdul Malik revolted against him in May 1997 and joined hands with the Taliban. Dostum fled the country and escaped to Turkey, thus leaving the power in Malik’s hands.^[4] By this time, the Taliban had gathered thousands of troops in Mazar, at Malik's insistence for help. However, now that Dostum had left, Malik switched sides again and obtained the assistance of the Hezbe Wahdat. Thus Malik handed over thousands of Taliban to the Hezbe Wahdat. Over six to eight thousand Talibs lost their lives due to Malik’s betrayal. Abdul Malik is a Uzbek warlord/politician based out of Faryab Province in northern Afghanistan. ... Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan is a political party in Afghanistan. ...

A few years later, the Taliban finally managed to overrun Malik’s group. Malik first escaped to Iran for sanctuary and later chose to make Washington DC his permanent residence. Later Malik once again left Washington and is currently believed to be living in Iran.^{[citation needed]} Abdul Rashid Dostum returned from his exile in Turkey in April of 2001. Massoud had funded Dostum to come and open a Western front in a campaign against the Taliban. Along with General Mohammed Fahim and Ismail Khan, Dostum was one of three factional leaders that comprised the Northern Alliance. Mohammad Qasim Fahim (محمد قسيم فهيم) was the defense minister of the Afghan Transitional Administration, beginning in 2002. ... Ismail Khan Ismail Khan (b. ... Flag flown by the UIF (Northern Alliance). ...

911 and the end of the Taliban

Main article: War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

Dostum and Hamid Karzai in December of 2001

In November of 2001, with the beginning of the U.S. intervention in Afghanistan, and against the wishes of the CIA who distrusted Dostum, a team including Johnny Micheal Spann landed to set up communications in the Dariya Suf. A few hours later 23 men of Operational Detatchment Alpha (ODA 595) landed to begin the war.^[5][1] For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Johnny Micheal Mike Spann (March 1, 1969 – November 25, 2001) was the first American killed in combat after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. ...

Prison uprising

Main article: Battle of Qala-i-Jangi

In November of 2002, Atta and the Tajik elements began to spread rumors about a massacre to journalists. Unnamed witnesses claimed that Dostum jailed and tortured prisoners transferred from Kunduz to the prison in Sheberghan. The torture and massacre of thousands of Taliban is alleged but unproven in a documentary film "Afghan Massacre: Convoy of Death" by Irish filmmaker and former BBC producer Jamie Doran. The film tells the story of thousands of prisoners who surrendered to Dostum's soldiers after the siege of Kunduz. According to the film, three thousand of the prisoners were forced into sealed containers and loaded onto trucks for transport to Sheberghan prison. When the prisoners began shouting for air, Dostum's soldiers fired directly into the truck, killing many of them. The rest suffered through an appalling road trip lasting up to four days, so thirsty they clawed at the skin of their fellow prisoners as they licked perspiration and even drank blood from open wounds. Robert Young Pelton was an eyewitness to the events at Sheberghan prison and supplied photographs and video to the UN to show that Doran's film was based on speculation but ultimately untrue. Combatants Afghanistan Northern Alliance  United Kingdom  United States Taliban Commanders Abdul Rashid Dostum Unknown Strength 300-500 men Casualties Afghans: 40-50 killed, at least 50 injured U.S./U.K.: 1 killed, 9 injured 200-400 killed 86 captured The battle of Qala-i-Jangi took place between November... Jamie Doran is an Irish documentary filmmaker who worked for the BBC for seven years before he set up his own television company. ...

Mike Spann was to be the first combat casualty of the war and over 120 afghans were killed along with all but 86 of the foreign fighters in the fortress of Qala-i-Jangi. This battle is documented in the BBC/CNN production "House of War". Combatants Afghanistan Northern Alliance  United Kingdom  United States Taliban Commanders Abdul Rashid Dostum Unknown Strength 300-500 men Casualties Afghans: 40-50 killed, at least 50 injured U.S./U.K.: 1 killed, 9 injured 200-400 killed 86 captured The battle of Qala-i-Jangi took place between November...

Afghan Government

Dostum served as a deputy defense minister for Karzai in the national government in Kabul. In March 2003, Dostum established a North Zone of Afghanistan, against the wishes of interim president Hamid Karzai. On May 20, 2003, after narrowly escaping an assassination attempt, Dostum assumed the position of "Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Afghan Armed Forces". On March 27, 2003, Afghan deputy defense minister general Abdul Rashid Dostum created an office for the North Zone of Afghanistan and appointed officials to it, defying interim president Hamid Karzais orders that there be no zones in Afghanistan. ... Hamid Karzai (Persian: حامد کرزى and Pashto: حامد کرزي) (b. ... is the 140th day of the year (141st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In the aftermath of the Taliban's removal from northern Afghanistan, forces loyal to Dostum frequently clashed with forces loyal to Tajik General Ustad Atta Mohammed Noor. Atta kidnapped and killed a number of Dostum's men and constantly agitated to gain control of Mazar i Sharif. Through the political mediations of the Karzai regime, the U.S.-led international military coalition, and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force, as well as the UN-run Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration program, the Dostum-Atta feud has largely ended. The two are now generally politically allied as part of a broader ideological effort to protect the interests of Afghanistan's war veterans and to preserve their own power. On March 1, 2005 President Hamid Karzai appointed him Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief, although it is unclear whether this position has any real power. Languages Persian Religions Islam (predominantly Sunni (Hanafi), with Shia (Twelver and Ismaili) minorities) Tājik (Persian: ; UniPers: Tâjik; Tajik: ) is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking peoples of Iranian origin living east and northeast of present-day Iran. ... Hamid Karzai (Persian: حامد کرزى and Pashto: حامد کرزي) (b. ...

Akbar Bai kidnapping

On February 2, 2008, about 50 of Dostum's fighters reportedly kidnapped Akbar Bai, a former ally of Dostum who had become his rival.^[6][7] In this attack, which occurred at Bai's home, Bai, his son, and a bodyguard were said to have been beaten, and another bodyguard was said to have been shot. Early on February 3, Dostum's house was surrounded by police. Bai and the three others were freed and hospitalized.^[7] According to the authorities, the stand-off at Dostum's home between his fighters and the police ended with Dostum's agreement to cooperate with the authorities in an investigation of the incident.^[8] Radio Free Europe reported on February 6, 2008 that Afghan Attorney-General Abdul Jabar Sabit said charges against Dostum were pending.^[6] Sabit said that the political and security situation would make it difficult to prosecute Dostum. The charges, according to Sabit, included kidnapping, breaking and entering, and assault. is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the radio broadcast service. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Breaking and entering is defined as the crime of illegally entering a residence or other enclosed property using any amount of force (even pushing open an unlocked door). ...

According to a spokesman for the United National Front of Afghanistan, Sayed Hussain Sancharaki claims that General Dostum has a high profile among his people and is one of the famous political and military figures of Afghanistan. He is Karzai's chief of staff for the armed forces and he is a senior member of the United Front of Afghanistan. It is natural that any kind of action against him will have repercussions. The consequences will be very dangerous -- catastrophic -- for the stability of Afghanistan."^[6]

Human Rights Watch spokesmen Sam Zia-Zarifi, called the charges a sign of Afghanistan's "growing balkanization".^[6] He asserted that the size of warlords private armies was increasing, fueled by illicit profits from Afghanistan's Opium trade.

On February 19, it was announced that Sabit had suspended Dostum from his position as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief after he failed to appear when summoned for the investigation. According to Dostum, this was "not in line with the law", and he said that he would request Karzai's intervention. Three allies of Dostum—Latif Pedram and two members of parliament—were also summoned for the investigation.^[8] [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Latif Pedram Abdul LatÄ«f Pedrām (Persian: ; born in 1963) is an active politician and a former candidate for presidency in Afghanistan where he received 1. ...

Political Views

In most ethnic-Uzbek dominated areas in which Dostum has control or influence, he encourages women to live and work freely, as well as encouraging music, sports and allowing for freedom of religion.^{[citation needed]}

He views the NATO attempt to crush the Taliban as ineffective and has gone on record saying that he could mop up the Taliban, "in six months." ^[2] If allowed to raise an 10,000 strong army of Afghan vets.^[2] Senior Afghan government officials do not trust Dostum as they show great concern that Dostum is covertly rearming his forces.^[2]

Dostum in popular media

• Dostum worked closely with the special forces ODA (documented by Robert Young Pelton in National Geographic Adventure article "The Legend of Heavy D and the Boys").

References

The National Geographic Society was founded in the USA on January 27, 1888, by 33 men interested in organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the radio broadcast service. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Abdul Rashid Dostum

• Article on Abdul Rashid Dostum on Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan (.com)
• BBC online profile
• Biography about Dostum
• CNN Presents: House of War