Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia Советская Социалистическая Республика Абхазия
← 1921 — 1931 →
(In Detail) (In Detail)
State motto: Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Translation: Workers of the world, unite!
Capital	Sukhumi
Official language	Russian
Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until	March 31, 1921 December 30, 1922 February 19, 1931
Area  - Total  - Water (%)	Ranked 10th and last in the USSR 8600 km² negligible
Currency	rouble (ruble)
Time zone	UTC +3
Medals

The Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia (abbreviated Abkhazian SSR) (Russian: Советская Социалистическая Республика Абхазия) was a shortlived (1921-1931) Soviet Republic. It was established on March 31st of 1921, and its independence was recognised by the Georgian SSR on May 21st.^[1] In February 1922 a union treaty was signed between the Abkhazian and the Georgian SSR, forging confederal ties, and it was along with the Georgian SSR that Abkhazia joined the Transcaucasian SFSR on the 12th of March. Finally, as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR, Abkhazia joined the Soviet Union when it formed on December 30th of 1922. Motto: None Anthem: Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Capital Tbilisi Largest city Tbilisi Official language(s) Georgian Government Chairman of the Government Parliamentary democracy Noe Zhordania Independence - Declared - Formerly From the Russian Empire May 26, 1918 Transcaucasian Federation Population c. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia_(1990-2004). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... ... The USSR State motto is a quotation from Karl Marxs and Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto, meaning Workers of the world, unite!. It appeared in the language of the Soviet Republics in the USSR Coat of arms, by the reverse order they were mentioned on the Constitution of the USSR... The Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union, with the slogan emblazoned on the ribbons The political slogan Workers of the world, unite!, (German: Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!) one of the most famous rallying cries of socialism, comes from Karl Marxs and Friedrich Engelss The Communist... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has a second meaning based on an alternative sense of capital) is the principal city or town associated with a countrys government. ... Destroyed shop in Sukhumi Sukhumi (Georgian: , Sokhumi; Abkhaz: , Aqwa; Russian: , Sukhumi) is the capital of Abkhazia, a de facto independent republic, which is internationally recognized as being an autonomous republic within Georgia. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Constitutional order The order they were mentioned in the Constitution of the USSR; also the order in which the motto appeared in the USSR Coat of Arms. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... ISO 4217 Code SUR User(s) Soviet Union Subunit 1/100 kopek (копейка) Symbol руб kopek (копейка) к Plural rublya (gen. ... ISO 4217 Code SUR User(s) Soviet Union Subunit 1/100 kopek (копейка) Symbol руб kopek (копейка) к Plural rublya (gen. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... UTC redirects here. ... A Medal can mean three things: a wearable medal awarded by a government for services to a country (such as Armed force service); strictly speaking this only refers to a medal of coin-like appearance, but informally the word also refers to an Order (decoration); a table medal awarded by... An abbreviation (from Latin brevis short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... State motto: პროლეტარ ყველა ქვეყნისა, შეერთდით! Official language Georgian since 1978 Capital Tbilisi Chairman of the Supreme Council Zviad Gamsakhurdia (at independence) Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 April 9, 1991 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 10th in former Soviet Union 69,700 km² -- Population  - Total (1989)  - Density Ranked... The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ...

Background

In 1916 the Abkhaz delegation arrived in Tbilisi to develop the cultural and economic projects while addressing their opposition to the separating church in Abkhazia from the Eparchy of the Georgian church. The concerns were addressed by the leader of Abkhaz delegation, Prince Shervashidze. ^[2]In 1917, the same members of Abkhaz delegation established the Abkhaz People’s Council (ACP) which was dominated by ethnic Abkhaz. The Assembly adopted the constitution of APC and the Declaration. On February 9, 1918, before adoption of the Declaration of the Independence of Georgia, the APC delegation arrived in Tbilisi to finilize the agreement between APC and the Georgian Government. The APC and the Menshevik Government of Noe Ramishvili agreed to grant Abkhazia the autonomous status within Georgia. ^[3] The documents and the new constitution was ratified in June of 1918, signed by the Menshevik government of Georgia and representatives of ACP. The constitution gave the authority to the Abkhaz Counsil to govern the domestic affairs. The central government in Tbilisi established the Ministries of Abkhazia, appointing Prince of Abkhazia, Revaz Emkhvari as the Minister of Abkhaz Affairs. ^[4] The ACP and Abkhaz Ministry drafted the new constitution of Abkhazia in 1920, which emphasized the status of Abkhazia as an autonomous republic within Georgia. ^[5] The new drafted constitution included the following: “common affairs for Georgia and Abkhazia are the followings: a) Foreign Affairs… b) Currency system… c) Customs…d) Post and telegraph offices… e) Army; but Abkhaz soldiers are conscripted by the territorial principals and serve only on the territory of Abkhazia except wartime. During the peacetime, allocation of any other forces is a subject of special permission of APC.” ^[6] Coordinates:  - Governing Mayor Giorgi Gigi Ugulava Area    - City 372 km² Population (2005)  - City 1,093,000 Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი , IPA: ) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) River, at . ... The Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church (Saqartvelos Samotsiqulo Avtokepaluri Martlmadidebeli Eklesia in Georgian language) is one of the worlds most ancient Christian Churches, founded in the 1st century by the Apostle Andrew. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Motto: None Anthem: Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Capital Tbilisi Largest city Tbilisi Official language(s) Georgian Government Chairman of the Government Parliamentary democracy Noe Zhordania Independence - Declared - Formerly From the Russian Empire May 26, 1918 Transcaucasian Federation Population c. ... Leaders of the Menshevik Party at Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, Sweden, May 1917. ... Noe Ramishvili Noe Ramishvili (Georgian: ; his name is also transliterated as Noah or Noi) (1881 - December 7, 1930) was a Georgian politician and one of the leaders of the Menshevik wing of a Russian Social Democratic movement. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. ...

Abkhaz delegation (later called: Abkhaz Peoples Council) in Tbilisi, 1918

In 1921, the President of Georgia Noe Zhordania approved the new constitution of DRG, reaffirming Abkhazia as an autonomous republic. In Marsh of 1921, the Bolsheviks annexed the DRG and the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia was proclaimed, however politically and economically Abkhaz SSR was fully dependent on the Georgian Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Federal Republic ^[7] The Soviet Central Committee of RKP did not consider Abkhazia an independent entity and made a following statement: " On November 1, 1921 the Presidium of the Caucasus Bureau had the special discussion on Abkhazia; the Special Commission had been instructed to elaborate a draft treaty between the Abkhaz and Georgian Republics. ^[8] Image File history File links Abkhazdelegation. ... Image File history File links Abkhazdelegation. ... Noe Zhordania Noe Zhordania (January 2, 1868 – January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and politician. ... The Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic was a short-lived (1922-1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the Russian...

The Abkhazian SSR adopted its constitution on the 1st of April 1925.^[9] Throughout its existance, the republic was led by Nestor Lakoba. On February 19th of 1931, Abkhazia's status was demoted to that of Autonomous Republic.^[10] Nestor Lakoba Nestor Apollonovich Lakoba (Russian: Нестор Аполлонович Лакоба) (1 May 1893 – 28 December 1936) was an Abkhaz Communist leader and a victim of the Great Purge. ... ...

The status of Abkhazia during the period of 1921 - 1931 has not always been clear as it was sometimes erronously referred to as Autonomous Republic. ^{[citation needed]} The existence itself of the Abkhazian SSR is questioned by some Georgian sources.

Notes

Republics of the Soviet Union

Soviet Union	Eastern Europe	Central Asia	The Caucasus	The Baltic States	Short-lived Soviet Republics
This box: view • talk • edit	Byelorussian SSR Moldavian SSR Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR	Kazakh SSR Kyrgyz SSR Tajik SSR Turkmen SSR Uzbek SSR	Armenian SSR Azerbaijan SSR Georgian SSR	Estonian SSR Latvian SSR Lithuanian SSR	Abkhazian SSR 1921-1931 Transcaucasian SFSR 1922-1936 Karelo-Finnish SSR 1940-1956