Dr. Abraham Sinkov (1907-1998) was a US cryptanalyst. 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ...

Sinkov, the son of immigrants from Russia, was born in Philadelphia, but grew up in Brooklyn. After graduating from Boys High School -- what today would be called a "magnet school" -- he took his B.S. in mathematics from City College of New York. (By coincidence, one of his close friends at Boys High and CCNY was Solomon Kullback). Mr. Sinkov taught in New York City schools but was unhappy with the working conditions and anxious to use his mathematics knowledge in practical ways. Philadelphia is a village located in Jefferson County, New York. ... A map highlighting Brooklyn and the rest of New York City. ... In the U.S. system of education, a magnet school is a public school that draws students interested in specific subjects such as academics or the arts from the surrounding region (typically a school district or a county). ... Mathematics is often defined as the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. ... The City College of The City University of New York (known more commonly as City College of New York or simply City College, CCNY, or colloquially as City) is a senior college of the City University of New York, in New York City. ... Solomon Kullback Dr Solomon Kullback (1903–1994) was a US cryptanalyst and mathematician. ... NYC and New York, New York redirect here. ...

The opportunity for a career change came in 1930. Sinkov and Kullback took the Civil Service examination and placed high. Both received mysterious letters from Washington asking about their knowledge of foreign languages. Sinkov knew French and Kullback, Spanish. This was acceptable to their prospective employer, and they were offered positions as junior cryptanalysts. Although neither was quite certain what a cryptanalyst did, they accepted. Location in the United States of America Washington, D.C. is the capital city of the United States of America. ...

The small SIS organization (Sinkov and Kullback were the third and fourth employees there) had the primary mission of compiling codes and ciphers for use by the U.S. Army. Its secondary task was to attempt to solve selected foreign codes and ciphers -- this was not necessarily done for intelligence purposes but as a way to keep the cryptanalysts abreast of new developments in the field. The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

William Friedman put his new employees through a rigorous course of study of his own design in cryptology, bringing them to high levels of skill in making and breaking codes and ciphers. Friedman also encouraged other self-improvement endeavors: his employees trained summers at a camp at Ft. Meade to earn commissions in the military reserves. Both Sinkov and Kullback also went on to receive doctorates in mathematics. Sinkov received his in mathematics in 1933 from The George Washington University. William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 - November 12, 1969) served as a US Army cryptologist, running the research division of the Armys Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) through the 1930s and its follow-on services right into the 1950s. ... Fort George G. Meade, 5 miles (8 km) northeast of the town of Laurel, Maryland, is a semi-active US Army installation. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The George Washington University (GWU) is a private university in Washington, D.C., founded in 1821 as The Columbian College. ...

SIS grew slowly throughout the early 1930s. However, successes against Japanese diplomatic machine systems after 1935 provided the U.S. government with critical information during a series of crises. This success had practical consequences for SIS, as well. For the first time, SIS began to garner respect from its military superiors. Once the military understood that this small organization could read sensitive messages from a potential adversary, the Signal Corps increased the SIS budget and authorized increased hiring of cryptanalysts. ...

In 1940, even though the United States was not officially a combatant, the U.S. and Britain initiated exchanges of technical material. Included in this was a cautious sharing of cryptologic information: the British in stages revealed the extent of their considerable success against high-level German systems, the U.S. its equivalent success against Japanese. This led to an unprecedented level of cooperation in COMINT between the two countries during the war. resulting in more personnel, bigger budgets, and a wider range of activities for the organization. In 1936, Dr. Sinkov was assigned to the Panama Canal Zone, where he established the U.S. Army's first permanent intercept site outside the continental United States. The Panama Canal Zone was a 553 mile² (1,432 km²) territory inside of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area extending 5 mi (8. ... The continental United States refers (except sometimes in U.S. federal law and regulations) to the largest part of the U.S. that is delimited by a continuous border. ...

In January 1941, while Britain battled Nazi Germany but nearly a year before the United States entered the Second World War, Captain Sinkov was selected as a member of a delegation to the United Kingdom for initial sharing of information about the two countries' respective cryptologic programs. The delegation returned in April with mixed results to report. Sinkov and his colleagues had been shown Bletchley Park, the secret headquarters for British cryptology, and exchanged information on German and Japanese systems. It is still unclear how much the American delegation was told about British success against the German Enigma machine, but Sinkov later recalled that they were told about the Enigma problem only a short while before the delegation was to leave, and that details were sketchy. Nevertheless, the mission to the UK was a success overall and helped give US-UK cryptologic relations a strong practical foundation. Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Captain is both a nautical term and a military rank. ... During World War II, British and American cryptographers at Bletchley Park broke a large number of Axis codes and ciphers, including the German Enigma machine. ... In the history of cryptography, the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ...

After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Japanese also attacked the Philippine Islands. General Douglas MacArthur had been ordered to leave the Philippines and re-establish U.S. Army headquarters in Australia, from whence counterattacks might be launched. MacArthur recognized the need for cryptologic support, thus, on 15 April 1942, he established the Central Bureau (CBB), cobbling it together from refugee elements of American cryptologists evacuated from the Philippines, Australian cryptologists, and other Allied contingents. CBB began in Melbourne, then moved to Brisbane. Listen to this article (2 parts) Part 1 · Part 2 This audio file was created from the revision dated 2006-01-12, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Philippine islands is a commonly mistaken description for the Philippines. ... General is a high military rank, used by nearly every country in the world. ... General Douglas MacArthur aboard a battleship toward the end of World War II, 1945 Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880 — April 5, 1964) was an American military leader who was instrumental in defeating the Japanese in World War II. He helped rebuild Japan after the war and played a key role... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... This article is about the year. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... Melbourne is the state capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-largest city in Australia (after Sydney), with a population of approximately 3. ... Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the state of Queensland, Australia. ...

In July 1942, Major Sinkov arrived in Melbourne as commander of the American detachment at CBB. The Director of CBB on paper was General Spencer B. Akin, MacArthur's chief signal officer, but General Akin in practice seldom visited the organization. He had worked with Sinkov in Washington and in Panama, and confidently left CBB operations under his control. Major is a military rank denoting an officer of mid-level command status. ...

Dr. Sinkov, who demonstrated strong organizational and leadership qualities in addition to his mathematics skills, brought this group of Americans and Australians -- representing also different military services from their countries -- into a cohesive unit. CBB quickly became a trusted producer of Signals Intelligence for MacArthur and his senior commanders. This SIGINT enabled consistent success in the air war against the Japanese and allowed MacArthur to win some stunning victories in the ground campaign in New Guinea and the Philippines. SIGINT stands for SIGnals INTelligence, which is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether by radio interception or other means. ...

After the war, Sinkov rejoined SIS, now renamed the Army Security Agency, and, in 1949, when the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) -- the first centralized cryptologic organization in the United states -- was formed, Sinkov became chief of the Communications Security program. He remained in this position as AFSA made the transition into the National Security Agency. This article is about the US government agency. ... NSA seal The National Security Agency / Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is believed to be the largest United States government intelligence agency. ...

In 1954, Dr. Sinkov became the second NSA official to attend the National War College (the first was Dr. Louis Tordella). Upon his return, he became Deputy Director for Production, effectively swapping jobs with his old colleague Frank Rowlett. Dr. Sinkov retired from NSA in 1962. The National War College (NWC) of the United States is a school in the National Defense University. ...

COL Sinkov is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. The Military Intelligence Hall of Fame is a Hall of Fame established by the Military Intelligence Corps of the U.S. Army to honor soldiers and civilians who have made exceptional contributions to Military Intelligence. ...

Dr. Abraham Sinkov lived in retirement in Arizona after two careers, 32 years in NSA (and its predecessors), followed by an appointment as a professor of mathematics at Arizona State University. State nickname: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State Official languages English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Governor Janet Napolitano (D) Senators John McCain (R) Jon Kyl (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 6th 295,254 km² 0. ... Arizona State University (ASU) is currently (as of Fall 2005) the largest university, in terms of student enrollment, in the United States with a main campus student body of 51,612. ...