Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Абра́м Фёдорович Ио́ффе, October 29, 1880 (new style) – October 14, 1960) was a prominent Soviet/Russian physicist. October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... In Britain and countries of the British Empire, Old Style or O.S. after a date means that the date is in the Julian calendar, in use in those countries until 1752; New Style or N.S. means that the date is in the Gregorian calendar, adopted on 14 September... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years). ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Russian: (СССР)  listen?; tr. ... The word physicist should not be confused with physician, which means medical doctor. ...

Career overview

In the course of his brilliant career he researched electromagnetism, radiology, features of crystals, physics of high impact, thermoelectricity, photoelectricity, and was a leading force in building new research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics. Many of these laboratories later became independent institutes. Electromagnetism is the physics of electromagnetic fields: a field, encompassing all of space, comprised of electrical and magnetic fields. ... Radiology is the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of x-ray machines or other such radiation devices. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... Thermoelectricity is the conversion from heat differentials to electricity or vice versa. ... Radioactive decay is the set of various processes by which unstable atomic nuclei (nuclides) emit subatomic particles. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor with boiling liquid nitrogen underneath demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ...

Ioffe's pedagogical efforts resulted in the Soviet school of physics, his students include Aleksandr Aleksandrov, Yakov Dorfman, Pyotr Kapitsa, Isaak Kikoin, Igor Kurchatov, Yakov Frenkel, Nikolay Semyonov, Lev Artsimovich and others. The are several people named Alexander Alexandrov (or Aleksandr Aleksandrov depending on transcription): Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician and physicist Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, Russian cosmonaut Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov, Bulgarian cosmonaut Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov, Russian composer This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Soviet/Russian physicist who discovered superfluidity with some contribution from John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. ... Igor The Beard Kurchatov Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov (И́горь Васи́льевич Курча́тов) (January 8, 1903 – February 7, 1960), Soviet/Russian physicist. ... Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов) (April 15 (April 3, Old Style), 1896 – September 25, 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. ...

Biography

Born to a middle-class Jewish family in small town of Romny, Russian Empire (now in Sumy region, Ukraine), after graduation in (1902) from St. Petersburg Technological Institute he worked for two years as an assistant to famous Wilhelm Roentgen in his Munich laboratory. In 1905 Ioffe obtained Ph.D. from Munich University. Ioffe stated that he saw the names of two authors, Einstein – Marić, on the 1905 Annus Mirabilis papers when they were submitted during this time. This lends support to claim that the work was a co-authorship between Einstein and his wife. The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Sumy (Сумська область, Sums’ka oblast’ in Ukrainian) is a region of northern Ukraine. ... 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (* March 27, 1845; † February 10, 1923) was a German physicist, of the University of Würzburg, who, on November 8, 1895, produced wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that are now known as x-rays. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German Bundesland of Bavaria. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is one of the largest universities in Germany. ... Albert Einstein, by Yousuf Karsh Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20th century. ... Mileva Marić (1875 - 1948) was a Serbian mathematician, and Albert Einsteins first wife. ... Einstein, in 1905, when he wrote the Annus Mirabilis Papers The Annus Mirabilis Papers (from Annus mirabilis, Latin for year of wonders) are the papers of Albert Einstein submitted to the Annalen der Physik journal in 1905. ...

After 1906 Ioffe worked in the St. Petersburg (from 1924 Leningrad) Politechnical Institute, where later became a professor. In 1911 Ioffe converted to Lutheranism. In 1913 he attained the title of Magister of Philosophy, in 1915 - Doctor of Physics. In 1918 he became a head of Physics and Technology division in State Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology. This division later became the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute. 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... 1911 is a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute is one of Russias largest research centers specialized in physics and technology. ...

Ioffe refused a job offer of directing the Soviet project to build the nuclear bomb. He saw great promise in the young Igor Kurchatov, and in 1942 placed him in charge of the first nuclear laboratory. During the Stalin's campaign against the so-called rootless cosmopolitans, in 1950 Ioffe was fired from his position of the Director of Institute and from the Board of Directors. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... Igor The Beard Kurchatov Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov (И́горь Васи́льевич Курча́тов) (January 8, 1903 – February 7, 1960), Soviet/Russian physicist. ... 1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... Rootless cosmopolitan (Russian language: безродный космополит, bezrodny kosmopolit) was a Soviet euphemism during Joseph Stalins anti-Semitic campaign of 1948-1953, which culminated in the exposure of the alleged Doctors plot. The term and the persecutions by the authorities unmistakably targeted the Jews. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Related

• Ioffe crater on the Moon is named after him.
• Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute carries his name