NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse

Beginning in 2004, accounts of abuse, torture, rape^[1] and homicide^[2]^[3] of prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (also known as Baghdad Correctional Facility) came to public attention. The acts were committed by some personnel of the 372nd Military Police Company of the United States, the CIA and possibly additional American governmental agencies.^[4] Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... This article describes in more detail the Nature of the Abu Ghraib abuse. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Abuser redirects here. ... For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ... Abu Ghraib cell block The Abu Ghraib prison (Arabic: Ø³Ø¬Ù† Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ ØºØ±ÙŠØ¨; also Abu Ghurayb) is in Abu Ghraib, an Iraqi city 32 km (20 mi) west of Baghdad. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... The 372nd Military Police Company is a United States reserve Military Police unit based out of Cresaptown, Maryland. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ...

As revealed by the 2004 Taguba Report a criminal investigation by the US Army Criminal Investigation Command had already been underway since May 2003 where four soldiers from the 320th MP Battalion had been formally charged under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) with detainee abuse. In April 2004 reports of the abuse, as well as graphic pictures showing American military personnel in the act of abusing prisoners, came to public attention, when a 60 Minutes II news report (April 28) and an article by Seymour M. Hersh in The New Yorker magazine (posted online on April 30 and published days later in the May 10 issue) reported the story.^[5] Janis Karpinski, the commander of Abu Ghraib demoted for her lack of insight regarding the abuse, estimated later that 90% of detainees in the prison were innocent.^[6] ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in April â€¢ 18 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara â€¢ 19 Norris McWhirter â€¢ 22 Pat Tillman â€¢ 24 EstÃ©e Lauder Other recent deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Reconstruction of Iraq â€“ Occupation & Resistance Israeli... 60 Minutes II, also known as 60 Minutes Wednesday and 60 Minutes (see #Name changes), was a weekly primetime newsmagazine television program intended to replicate the signature style, journalistic quality and integrity of the original 60 Minutes series. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Seymour Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and author. ... For other uses, see New Yorker. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Janis Karpinski wearing her Brigadier General star before being demoted to Colonel Janis Leigh Karpinski (born May 25, 1953, Rahway, New Jersey) is a United States Army Colonel in the 800th Military Police Brigade. ...

The U.S. Department of Defense removed seventeen soldiers and officers from duty, and seven soldiers were charged with dereliction of duty, maltreatment, aggravated assault, and battery. Between May 2004 and September 2005, seven soldiers were convicted in courts martial, sentenced to federal prison time, and dishonorably discharged from service. Two soldiers, Specialist Charles Graner, and his former fiancée, Specialist Lynndie England, were sentenced to ten years and three years in prison, respectively, in trials ending on January 14 2005 and September 26, 2005. The commanding officer at the prison, Brigadier General Janis Karpinski, was demoted to the rank of colonel on May 5, 2005. Colonel Karpinski has denied knowledge of the abuses claiming that the interrogations were authorized by her superiors and performed by subcontractors, and that she was not even allowed entry into the interrogation rooms. Image File history File links AbuGhraibAbuse-standing-on-box. ... Image File history File links AbuGhraibAbuse-standing-on-box. ... Satar Jabar Satar Jabar was a prisoner at Abu Ghraib prison charged with carjacking, not terrorism, [1] as many have claimed. ... Image File history File links Abu_Ghraib_53. ... Image File history File links Abu_Ghraib_53. ... Lynndie Rana England (born November 8, 1982) is a former United States Army reservist who served in the 372nd Military Police Company. ... Charles A. Graner, Jr. ... Department of Defense redirects here. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... Charles A. Graner, Jr. ... Lynndie Rana England (born November 8, 1982) is a former United States Army reservist who served in the 372nd Military Police Company. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Janis Karpinski wearing her Brigadier General star before being demoted to Colonel Janis Leigh Karpinski (born May 25, 1953, Rahway, New Jersey) is a United States Army Colonel in the 800th Military Police Brigade. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib was in part the reason that on April 12 2006, the United States Army activated the 201st Military Intelligence Battalion, the first of four joint interrogation battalions.^[7] is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ...

Media coverage

60 Minutes II broadcast and aftermath

In late April 2004, U.S. television news-magazine 60 Minutes II broke a story involving abuse and humiliation of Iraqi inmates by a group of U.S. soldiers. The story included photographs depicting the abuse of prisoners.^[8] Image File history File links AG-10. ... Image File history File links AG-10. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December Deaths in April â€¢ 18 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara â€¢ 19 Norris McWhirter â€¢ 22 Pat Tillman â€¢ 24 EstÃ©e Lauder Other recent deaths Ongoing events EU Enlargement Exploration of Mars: Rovers Haiti Rebellion Reconstruction of Iraq â€“ Occupation & Resistance Israeli... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... 60 Minutes II, also known as 60 Minutes Wednesday and 60 Minutes (see #Name changes), was a weekly primetime newsmagazine television program intended to replicate the signature style, journalistic quality and integrity of the original 60 Minutes series. ... Abuser redirects here. ... Etymology: Late Latin humiliatus, past participle of humiliare, from Latin humilis low. ...

The news segment had been delayed by two weeks at the request of the Department of Defense and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Richard Myers, because of heavy fighting in Iraq. In the report, Dan Rather interviewed Brig. Gen Mark Kimmitt, then-deputy director of Coalition operations in Iraq. Kimmitt stated, The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is by law the highest ranking military officer of the United States military, and the principal military advisor to the President of the United States. ... General Richard B. Myers General Richard Bowman Myers (born March 1, 1942) of the United States Air Force is a former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Americas highest ranking military officer. ... Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr. ... Brigadier General Mark T. Kimmitt, US Army, is the spokesman for the US military in Iraq. ...

At the same time, Kimmitt said: "I'd like to sit here and say that these are the only prisoner abuse cases that we're aware of, but we know that there have been some other ones since we've been here in Iraq."^[8]

Former Marine Lt. Col. Bill Cowan was also interviewed, stating: "We went into Iraq to stop things like this from happening, and indeed, here they are happening under our tutelage."

Rather interviewed Army Reserve Staff Sgt. Chip Frederick, a participant in the abuse, whose civilian job was as a corrections officer at a Virginia prison. Frederick stated, "We had no support, no training whatsoever. And I kept asking my chain of command for certain things...like rules and regulations,” says Frederick. “And it just wasn't happening." Frederick's video diary, sent home from Iraq, provided some of the images used in the story.

In the diary are listed detailed, dated entries that chronicle abuse and names, for example, Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Sgt. ...

and, "MI (Military Intelligence) has been present and witnessed such activity. MI has encouraged and told us great job [and] that they were now getting positive results and information."

Hersh New Yorker article

A May 2004 article by Seymour M. Hersh in The New Yorker magazine explored the abuses in detail, and used as its source a copy of the Taguba report. Seymour Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American investigative journalist and author. ... For other uses, see New Yorker. ...

The New Yorker, under the direction of editor David Remnick, posted a report on its website by Hersh, along with a number of graphic and disturbing images of the torture taken by U.S. military prison guards with digital cameras. The article, entitled "Torture at Abu Ghraib", was followed in the next two weeks by two more articles on the same subject, "Chain of Command” and "The Gray Zone,” also by Mr. Hersh.^[9] David Remnick is an American journalist, writer, and magazine editor. ...

It was only after CBS learned that The New Yorker planned to publish the pictures in its next issue that they went ahead with their report on April 28."^[9] This article is about the broadcast network. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hersh's undercover sources claimed that an interrogation program called "Copper Green" was an official and systemic misuse of coercive methods which, although deemed "successful" during the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, would be heavily criticized in intelligence circles as an improper application to the context of fighting citizen-"insurgents" in Iraq. This theory, and the existence of "Copper Green" itself, has been denied by The Pentagon. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Copper Green is reported by American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh to be one of several code names for a US black ops program, according to an article in the May 24, 2004 issue of The New Yorker. ... For other uses of War in Afghanistan, see War in Afghanistan (disambiguation). ... â€œInsurrectionâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the United States military building. ...

More evidence of torture

According to Donald Rumsfeld, many more pictures and videotapes of the abuse at Abu Ghraib exist. Photos and videos revealed by the Pentagon to lawmakers in a private viewing on 12 May 2004, showed dogs snarling at cowering prisoners, Iraqi women forced to expose their breasts, and naked prisoners forced to have sex with each other, the lawmakers revealed.^[10] Members of the Senate reviewed photographs supplied by the Defense Department which have not been released to the public. They note that in addition to the abuses mentioned, some of the U.S. military guards had sex in front of the prisoners. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hersh has made other claims about the abuses at Abu Ghraib. At the July 2004 conference of the ACLU, he stated that there are tapes of American soldiers sodomizing Iraqi boys, and that these tapes are being held by the Bush administration: "The boys were sodomized with the cameras rolling, and the worst part is the soundtrack, of the boys shrieking", Notably, Hersh would revise this claim in his book Chain of Command, stating, "An attorney involved in the case told me in July 2004 that one of the witness statements he had read described the rape of a boy by a foreign contract employee who served as an interpreter at Abu Ghraib,” Hersh wrote. “In the statement, which had not been made public, the lawyer told me, a prisoner stated that he was a witness to the rape, and that a woman was taking pictures."^[11] The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non_governmental organization devoted to defending civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. ... FranÃ§ois Elluin, Sodomites provoking the wrath of God, from Le pot pourri de Loth (1781). ...

The New York Times, in a report on January 12, 2005,^[12] reported testimony suggesting that the following events had taken place at Abu Ghraib: Image File history File links AG-8. ... Image File history File links AG-8. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sergeant Samuel Provance from Alpha Company 302nd Military Intelligence Battalion, in interviews with several news agencies, reported the sexual abuse of a 16-year-old girl by two interrogators, as well as a 16-year-old son of an Iraqi general, who was driven through the cold night air on the open back of a truck after he had been showered and besmeared with mud in order to get his father to talk.^[13] He also pointed out several techniques used by interrogators that have been identified as being in violation of the Geneva Convention. He spoke to the media, even against direct orders, about what he knew about at the prison (largely from conversations and interactions with the interrogators). He explained that he did so because there was "definitely a cover-up" underway by the Army. He was administratively flagged and had his top secret clearance suspended in retaliation by the Army. A detailed statement by Sergeant Provance concerning these and numerous other abuses at Abu Ghraib and his treatment by the army is available.^[14] Samuel Provance Samuel Provance was a Military Intelligence Sergeant who is most notable for appealing to the public, against the direct orders from his commanders, with what he knew about what happened at the Abu Ghraib Prison, where he worked as a US Army computer systems supervisor from the fall...

In her video diary, a prison guard said that prisoners were shot for minor misbehavior, and claimed to have had venomous snakes bite prisoners, sometimes resulting in their deaths. By her own admission, that guard was "in trouble" for having thrown rocks at the detainees.^[15] Hashem Muhsen, one of the naked men in the human pyramid photo, said they were also made to crawl around the floor naked and that U.S. soldiers rode them like donkeys. After being released in January 2004, Muhsen became an Iraqi police officer.^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ... January 2004 : â† - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- â†’ Irelands Roman Catholic and Protestant Boy Scouts organisations merge after nearly a century of division, in spite of efforts by the Roman Catholic bishops to block the merger. ...

It was discovered that one prisoner, Manadel al-Jamadi, died as a result of abuse, a death that was ruled a homicide by the military. One detainee has also made charges of rape under supervision of the soldiers.^{[citation needed]} Harman, al-Jamadi Graner, al-Jamadi Manadel al-Jamadi was an Iraqi who was tortured to death during interrogation at Abu Ghraib prison. ...

Quotes from a prisoner

In an appearance on May 2 during a Face the Nation interview Chairman Myers said that he had not yet seen the Taguba report, although the report was then nearly a month old. May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Face The Nation logo, used until 2002. ... Major General Antonio Mario Taguba[1] (born October 31, 1950), became known worldwide when a classified report he wrote about cases of torture at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq was published in 2004[2]. Taguba is the second and latest Filipino American to attain General Officer rank in the...

In the documentary film Ghosts of Abu Ghraib, former Justice Department counsel John Yoo says that though he doesn't think the Geneva Conventions covered the prisoners at Abu Ghraib, he believes the soldiers and their commanding officers felt the interrogation techniques used fell within the Geneva Conventions. "Rumsfeld Made Me Do It: Ghosts of Abu Ghraib", Netscape News, January 24, 2007 Ghosts of Abu Ghraib is a 2007 documentary film directed by Rory Kennedy. ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

A report by the Wild River Review follows the other side of Abu Ghraib—the detainees quest for justice. Wild River Review is an online magazine that publishes in-depth reporting, works of literature, art, visual art, reviews, interviews, and columns by and about contemporary artists, photographers, and writers. ...

Reactions

Iraqi response

AsiaNews.it reported that Yahia Said, an Iraqi fellow at the London School of Economics, said:

CNN reporter Ben Wedeman reported that Iraqi reaction to President Bush's apology for the Abu Ghraib abuses was "mixed". Specifically, he said:

Response of U.S. Government officials

U.S. President George W. Bush decried the acts and contended that they were in no way indicative of normal or acceptable practices in the United States Army. Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ...

However, the public denouncement of torture of prisoners by the president and other US officials belied the fact that Vice President Dick Cheney and his allies, according to more than two dozen current and former officials, created a novel distinction between forbidden "torture" and the use of "cruel, inhuman or degrading" methods of questioning which they advanced as permissible. The vice president's office played a central role in eliminating limits on coercion in U.S. custody, commissioning and defending legal opinions that the Bush administration later described as the initiatives, months later, of lower-ranking officials. ^[19] The Geneva Convention, which has been ratified by the U.S. and is therefore the law of the land, is explicit and categorical in banning torture, the use of "violence," "cruel treatment" or "humiliating and degrading treatment" against a detainee "at any time and in any place whatsoever." The War Crimes Act of 1996 ^[20] made any grave breach of those restrictions a U.S. felony. The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ... The War Crimes Act of 1996 was passed with overwhelming majorities by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. ...

On May 7, 2004, United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld made the following statements before the Senate Armed Services Committee: is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and military matters. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... The Committee on Armed Services is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nations military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy (as pertaining to national security), benefits for members of the military, the Selective Service System and other...

Following Rumsfeld's testimony, several Senators responded: Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States...

Senator Lindsey Graham (Republican, South Carolina): "The American public needs to understand we're talking about rape and murder here."^[21] Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician from South Carolina. ...

"It was pretty disgusting, not what you'd expect from Americans", said Senator Norm Coleman.^[22] See Norman Jay Coleman for the former secretary of Agriculture. ...

"I don't know how the hell these people got into our army", said Colorado Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell.^[23] Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... Ben Nighthorse Campbell (born April 13, 1933) is an American politician. ...

Senator James Inhofe, Republican member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, felt that the events did not deserve moral outrage: "I'm probably not the only one up at this table that is more outraged by the outrage than we are by the treatment [...] [They] are not there for traffic violations. [...] If they're in cell block 1A or 1B, these prisoners — they're murderers, they're terrorists, they're insurgents. [...] Many of them probably have American blood on their hands. And here we're so concerned about the treatment of those individuals."^[24] James Mountain Inhofe, usually known as Jim Inhofe (born November 17, 1934) is an American politician from Oklahoma. ... The Committee on Armed Services is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of the nations military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy (as pertaining to national security), benefits for members of the military, the Selective Service System and other...

Defense Secretary Rumsfeld tried to avoid the question of whether U.S. soldiers had engaged in torture. He stated, "What has been charged so far is abuse, which I believe technically is different from torture. I'm not going to address the 'torture' word."^[25]

On May 26, 2004, Al Gore gave a sharply critical speech on the Iraq crisis and the Bush Administration. In the speech, Gore called for the resignations of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, Director of Central Intelligence Agency George Tenet, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas J. Feith, and Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone for encouraging policies that led to the abuse of Iraqi prisoners and fanned hatred of Americans abroad. Gore also called the Bush administration's Iraq war plan "incompetent" and called George W. Bush the most dishonest president since Richard Nixon. Gore commented; "In Iraq, what happened at that prison, it is now clear, is not the result of random acts of a few bad apples. It was the natural consequence of the Bush Administration policy."^[26] is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense, concerned with the armed services and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor, serves as the chief advisor to the President of the United States on national security issues. ... Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush to hold the office. ... â€œCIAâ€ redirects here. ... George Tenet George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and was previously the Director of Central Intelligence for the United States Central Intelligence Agency. ... Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, working on issues of international economic development, Africa and public-private partnerships. ... Douglas Feith. ... Stephen A. Cambone (born 1951) is the United States Under-Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, a post created in March 2003, and of which he was the first occupant. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ...

Criticism of Rumsfeld grew during the ensuing scandal. Democratic senators John Kerry, Joe Biden and Jon Corzine called for Rumsfeld to resign. Their call for Rumsfeld's resignation was joined by House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, George Miller, Tom Harkin, and the Congressional Black Caucus.^{[citation needed]} John McCain said that he had "no confidence" in the Secretary of Defense, his fellow Republican senator Trent Lott said that he was "not a fan of Secretary Rumsfeld."^[27] John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... Biden redirects here. ... Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is the Governor of New Jersey. ... The Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the minority counterpart to the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives. ... Nancy Patricia DAlesandro Pelosi (born March 26, 1940) is currently the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. ... George Miller (born May 17, 1945), American politician, has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1975, representing the 7th District of California. ... Thomas Richard Tom Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is a liberal Democratic Senator from Iowa, serving in his fourth senate term. ... The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing African American members of the Congress of the United States. ... For McCains grandfather and father, see John S. McCain, Sr. ... Chester Trent Lott Sr. ...

Media

Several periodicals, such as The New York Times and The Boston Globe also called for Rumsfeld's resignation.^[28]^[29] The cover of The Economist, which had backed President Bush in the 2000 election, carried a photo of the abuse with the words "Resign, Rumsfeld." Perhaps most notably, The Army Times claimed that Rumsfeld's role in the scandal "amount(ed) to professional negligence", wrote "shame... on the chairman (of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) and secretary (of defense)", and insinuated that Rumsfeld was a "moron."^[30] Image File history File links RumsfeldEconomist. ... Image File history File links RumsfeldEconomist. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and New England. ... The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Army Times is a weekly newspaper serving active, reserve and retired United States Army and National Guard personnel and their families, providing career-related news and information as well as community and lifestyle features, educational supplements, and resource guides. ... Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States of America symbol The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a group comprising the Chiefs of service of each major branch of the armed services in the United States armed forces. ... The United States Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) is the head of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and military matters. ...

Conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh said, "This is no different than what happens at the Skull and Bones initiation and we're going to ruin people's lives over it and we're going to hamper our military effort, and then we are going to really hammer them because they had a good time. You know, these people are being fired at every day. I'm talking about people having a good time, these people, you ever heard of emotional release? You ever heard of emotional release?"^[31]^[32]^[33] For other uses, see Limbaugh. ... For the pirate flag, see Jolly Roger. ...

From a discussion with Jim Lehrer of PBS, Shibley Telhami, author of The Stakes about Arab and Muslim perceptions of U.S. policy toward the Middle East, and Fouad Ajami, director of Middle East studies at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies: James Charles Lehrer (pronounced ) (born May 19, 1934) is the news anchor for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer on PBS. Lehrer is also an acclaimed author, writing both non-fiction and fiction which draws on his life experiences and his interests in history and politics. ... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... Shibley Telhami is a Professor of political science at the University of Maryland, College Park. ... Fouad A. Ajami (Arabic:ÙØ¤Ø§Ø¯ Ø¹Ø¬Ù…ÛŒ; b. ...

Some of the people angry at Abu Ghraib never uttered a word, never uttered a word in Cairo or Nablus or Amman about anything that Saddam did to the people of Iraq, to the Shia, to the Kurds. They have nothing to say about the massacres and the horrors in the southern Sudan that are committed by the Arab Muslims towards the Christians. It's selective rage. It's really selective rage. They were waiting for us. We simply played into their hands with this episode.

SHIBLEY TELHAMI: No question that it is. Obviously it is going to be used by militants as a useful tool. But the reality of it is, you know, it is rage -- even if it's selective. The difference is this. Look, we are explaining the war in Iraq on the basis of bringing about democracy and human rights. That has become our primary explanation for what we're doing. So there's a huge difference in explaining what we're doing in those terms and then what we're doing in fact on the ground. That's the problem.

I think when you see these pictures, it reinforces the assumption that people had that this has always been a... an occupation of an Arab land for different strategic purposes. It's not just the content of the sexual symbols that are in there. So I think there's a difference between, you know, when we are doing it and when Mubarak is doing it.|Fouad Ajami, Jim Lehrer, Shibley Telhami|^[34]}} Fouad A. Ajami (Arabic:ÙØ¤Ø§Ø¯ Ø¹Ø¬Ù…ÛŒ; b. ... James Charles Lehrer (pronounced ) (born May 19, 1934) is the news anchor for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer on PBS. Lehrer is also an acclaimed author, writing both non-fiction and fiction which draws on his life experiences and his interests in history and politics. ... Shibley Telhami is a Professor of political science at the University of Maryland, College Park. ...

World

"The torture? A more serious blow to the United States than September 11, 2001 attacks. Except that the blow was not inflicted by terrorists but by Americans against themselves." — Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo, foreign minister of the Vatican.^[35] is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Giovanni Lajolo Born January 3, 1935 in Novara, Italy. ...

From a legal declaration by Ronald Schlicher of the US State Department: "The Bahraini English-language Daily Tribune wrote on May 5 2004, 'The blood-boiling pictures will make more people inside and outside Iraq determined to carry out attacks against the Americans and British.' The Qatari Arabic-language Al-Watan predicted on May 3 2004 that because of the images, 'The Iraqis now feel very angry and that will cause revenge to restore the humiliated dignity.'"^[36] The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

On May 10, 2004, swastika-covered posters of Abu Ghraib abuse photographs were attached to British and Indian graves at the Commonwealth military cemetery in Gaza City. Thirty-two graves of soldiers killed in World War I were desecrated or destroyed.^{[citation needed]} is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the symbol. ... The article is about the Middle Eastern city. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ...

Purported retaliation

On May 11, 2004, a video was released purporting to be of the beheading of Nick Berg, a U.S. civilian who went to Iraq seeking work repairing antennas. The video is presented as the work of an Islamist militant group headed by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a noted Al-Qaeda member in Iraq. The unidentifiable figures claim to have committed the murder in retaliation for the abuse of prisoners at Abu Ghraib. is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Beheading. ... Nicholas Berg (April 2, 1978 â€“ May 7, 2004) was an American businessman seeking telecommunications work in Iraq during the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq. ... Wikinews has related news: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi killed in airstrike Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (Arabic: , , Abu Musab from Zarqa)) (October 20, 1966 â€“ June 7, 2006), born as Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh (Arabic: , )was a Jordanian who ran a militant training camp in Afghanistan. ...

Courts-martial, Nonjudicial, and Administrative Punishment

Twelve soldiers have been convicted of various charges relating to the incidents, all including dereliction of duty-- most receiving relatively minor sentences. Two soldiers have either been cleared of charges or have not been charged. No one has been convicted for murders of detainees. Robert Buzz Patterson is a US Marine officer and author. ...

Colonel Pappas was the senior officer present when Manadel al-Jamadi died during interrogation. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lieutenant Colonel is a rank of the United States armed forces which is currently used by the United States Army, United States Air Force, United States Marine Corps, and United States National Guard. ... Lieutenant Colonel Steven L. Jordan is a Civil Affairs officer for the United States Army Reserve. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Major General George Fay and Lieutenant General Anthony Jones George Fay is an officer in the United States Army, most notable for being the lead author of an investigation into the scandal at Abu Ghraib, more commonly known as the Fay Report. ... is the 240th day of the year (241st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Charles A. Graner, Jr. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sgt. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Woman masturbating, 1913 drawing by Gustav Klimt. ... For other meanings of CPR, see CPR (disambiguation). ... Reduction in rank may refer to two separate concepts: In military law, a reduction in rank is a demotion in military rank as punishment for a crime or wrongdoing, imposed by a court-martial or other authority. ... Javal Sean Davis, (born 1977/78), is a U.S. army reservist, one of several soldiers charged by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003-2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal in Baghdad, Iraq during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sivits Jeremy C. Sivits, (born 1979 or 1980), is a former U.S. Army reservist, one of several soldiers charged and convicted by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003-2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal in Baghdad, Iraq during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... In legal terminology, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a civil or criminal case under common law using the adversary system. ... â€œGuiltyâ€ redirects here. ... Armin Cruz is a former U.S. Army reservist, one of several soldiers charged and convicted by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003-2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal in Baghdad, Iraq during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charles Graner and Sabrina Harman with naked and hooded prisoners who were forced to form a human pyramid Sabrina D. Harman (born January 5, 1978) is a former U.S. army reservist, one of several soldiers convicted by the U.S. Army in connection with the 2003-2004 Abu Ghraib... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Megan Ambuhl, of New Orleans, Louisiana, is one of several United States military police officers who have been charged with torturing prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lynndie Rana England (born November 8, 1982) is a former United States Army reservist who served in the 372nd Military Police Company. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ... A dictionary definition of Indecent not conforming with accepted standards of behaviour or morality. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Santos Cardona is currently a Sergeant in the United States Army. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Related personnel

Brig. General Janis Karpinski, commanding officer at the prison was demoted to colonel on May 5, 2005, which also effectively ends her chances for future career advancement. In a BBC interview, Janis Karpinski said she is being made a scapegoat, and that the top U.S. commander for Iraq, Gen Ricardo Sanchez, should be asked what he knew about the abuse, as according to her, he said that prisoners are "like dogs".^[48] However, a spokesman for Geoffrey Miller, who commanded the Guantanamo camp and later commanded all detention operations, including Abu Ghraib, called Karpinski's allegations "categorically false", and said no directive to treat detainees "like dogs" was made at either Guantanamo or Abu Ghraib.^[49] Janis Karpinski wearing her Brigadier General star before being demoted to Colonel Janis Leigh Karpinski (born May 25, 1953, Rahway, New Jersey) is a United States Army Colonel in the 800th Military Police Brigade. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Lt. ... MG Geoffrey D. Miller - former Commander JTF Guantanamo MG Geoffrey Miller honored after his retirement Geoffrey D. Miller (born c. ...

Donald Rumsfeld stated in February 2005 that he had, as a result of the Abu Ghraib scandal, twice made an offer to President George W. Bush to resign the office of Secretary of Defense, and that both offers were declined.^[50] Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

Jay Bybee, the author of the Justice Department memo defining torture as activity producing pain equivalent to the pain experienced during death and organ failure, was nominated by President Bush to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, where he began service in 2003.^[51] Jay S. Bybee of the Ninth Circuit Jay S. Bybee (born October 27, 1953 in Oakland, California) is a federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. ... The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. ...

Michael Chertoff, who as head of the Justice Department's criminal division advised the Central Intelligence Agency on the outer limits of legality in coercive interrogation sessions, was selected by President Bush to fill the cabinet-level vacancy at Secretary of Homeland Security created by the departure of Tom Ridge. [[Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2007]] Michael Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is the current United States Secretary of Homeland Security. ... â€œCIAâ€ redirects here. ... Thomas Joseph Ridge (born August 27, 1945 near Pittsburgh, USA) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives (1983â€“1995), Governor of Pennsylvania (1995â€“2001), Assistant to the President for Homeland Security (2001â€“2003), and the first United States Secretary of Homeland...

Carolyn Wood CPT. Wood was head of the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion from Fort Bragg. In August 2002 nine interrogation techniques not approved by military doctrine or included in Army field manuals were added after Chris Mackey and his team turned over the detention unit in Bagram to the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion. Chris Mackey had trained with Wood before she got her command at Bagram. He says that while he was “gravely disappointed” when he found out about her changes to the interrogation rules, he understands what might have been going on. “After she took over, the stakes got very high,” he says. “We went from losing three or four soldiers a month to scores of them. She must have been under a tremendous amount of pressure.”“But there was horrible incompetence at the leadership and oversight level. People were aware of what we were doing because we were open. [The prison] was practically a Disney ride, with lots of higher-ups and officials coming through. But the common response we got was, Aren’t you kind of babying them?”^[52] Carolyn Wood Captain Carolyn Wood, United States Army, is a military intelligence officer who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. ...

Two inmates in December 2002 were tortured and beaten to death in cells down the hall from her office. "Hung by their arms from the ceiling and beaten so severely that, according to a report by Army investigators later leaked to the Baltimore Sun, their legs would have needed to be amputated had they lived. The Army’s Criminal Investigation command launched an inquiry, but few people outside Afghanistan took notice."^[52] "In August, a former Bagram interrogator told a Knight Ridder journalist that at the time of the two deaths screams and moans could easily be heard from interrogation rooms at Bagram, and that Wood must have been aware of the abuse, as the interrogation rooms were near her office. In any case, by virtue of her position, CPT. Wood should have been aware that abuse was taking place. We are concerned that, as at Abu Ghraib, the U.S. government appears more interested in blaming abuses on low-level personnel than in investigating the role of commanding officers and civilian officials."^[53] When she transferred to Abu Ghraib in August 2003, Wood is reported to have "posted her own list of 'interrogation rules of engagement,'[2] which were inconsistent with those later issued for Iraq by the top American commander, Lt. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez, according to Congressional officials. The Geneva Convention didn't apply to Woods methods of interrogation. The Fay-Jones report states "The JIDC October 2003 SOP (Standard operational procedure), likewise created by CPT. Wood, was remarkably similar to the Bagram (Afghanistan) Collection Point SOP. Prior to deployment to Iraq, CPT. Wood's unit (A/519 MI BN) allegedly conducted the abusive interrogation practices in Bagram resulting in a Criminal Investigation Command (CID) homicide investigation....from December 2002, interrogators in Afghanistan were removing clothing, isolating people for long periods of time, using stress positions, exploiting fear of dogs and implementing sleep and light deprivation. Interrogators in Iraq, already familiar with the practice of some of these new ideas, implemented them even prior to any policy guidance from CJTF-7. (Combined Joint Task Force Seven headed by LTG Ricardo S. Sanchez) These practices were accepted as SOP by newly-arrived interrogators. Some of the CJTF-7 ICRPs neither effectively addressed these practices, nor curtailed their use."^[54] "At Abu Ghraib, interrogation operations were also plagued by a lack of an organizational chain of command presence and by a lack of proper actions to establish standards and training by the senior leaders present" In both prison facilities the officers who carried out the abuses were under the command of CPT. Wood and she has never been held accountable.^[55] December 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December - â†’ // Events December 31, 2002 United States troops get into a brief gun battle with paramilitary forces of the Warzirstan Scouts of Pakistan, in a remote tribal area along the undefined Afghan/Pakistani border, in Paktia Province... The Baltimore Sun is the major newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland, with a daily press run of about 430,000 copies, and a Sunday run of 540,000 copies. ... Partial list of newspapers The following is a partial list of newspapers owned by Knight Ridder: Contra Costa Times Detroit Free Press Kansas City Star The Miami Herald Philadelphia Inquirer Saint Paul Pioneer Press San Jose Mercury News The State External link Knight Ridder corporate website Categories: Companies traded on... The fear of dogs is a natural emotion, because dogs are potentially dangerous. ...

The Final Report of the Independent Panel to Review DoD Detention Operations did specifically absolve senior U.S. military and political leadership from direct culpability:

U.S. policy on interrogations and torture

Reaction from the U.S. administration characterizes the Abu Ghraib torture scandal as an isolated incident uncharacteristic of American actions in Iraq; this view is widely disputed, notably in Arab countries, but also by organizations such as the International Red Cross, which says that it has been making representations about abuse of prisoners for more than a year. A former military intelligence officer with experience at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib alleges (see external link - "Cooks and drivers...") a systematic failure caused by a combination of inexperienced troops arresting innocent Iraqis, who are then interrogated by inexperienced interrogators determined to break these apparent hard cases. The U.S. military's interrogation techniques and treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib are consistent with its treatment of noncombatants in past conflicts, including for example in Vietnam (see Phoenix Program) and with its training of military personnel of U.S. allies (see School of the Americas). This image is in the public domain because it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image is in the public domain because it is ineligible for copyright. ... Charles A. Graner, Jr. ... Harman, al-Jamadi Graner, al-Jamadi Manadel al-Jamadi was an Iraqi who was tortured to death during interrogation at Abu Ghraib prison. ... The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the worlds largest group of humanitarian non-governmental organizations, often known simply as the Red Cross, after its original symbol. ... {{{mWf}}} Caution: This article contains several potentially morbid photographs that depict nude, abused, and deceased persons. ... The Phoenix Program (Vietnamese: Káº¿ Hoáº¡ch Phá»¥ng HoÃ ng, a word related to fenghuang, the Chinese phoenix) or Operation Phoenix was a military, intelligence, and internal security coordination program designed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Vietnam War. ... The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHISC), formerly School of the Americas (SOA), is a US Army facility at Fort Benning in Columbus, Georgia, USA. It is a training facility operated in the Spanish language especially for Latin American military personnel. ...

International law

The United States has ratified the UN's Convention Against Torture and the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions. However, the Third and Fourth Geneva conventions both state in Article 2: "The High Contracting Parties shall furthermore be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the provisions thereof". Since Iraq did not apply the protections of the Geneva Conventions to American POW's throughout Gulf War I (e.g. abuse of 17 American POW's at the now-infamous Abu Ghraib, by the Iraq Intelligence Service) and Gulf War II (e.g. the well-known story of Jessica Lynch's unit), it may be argued that Iraq lost its protections under these particular documents (but not others) long before the USA even took possession of the Abu Ghraib prison. The Bush Administration, however, takes the position that, in the words of Alberto R. Gonzales, counsel to the President: "Both the United States and Iraq are parties to the Geneva Conventions. The United States recognizes that these treaties are binding in the war for the liberation of Iraq." ("The Rule of Law and the Rules of War", New York Times (op-ed piece), May 15 2004). However, the Administration claims that prisoners taken in Afghanistan did not qualify as prisoners of war under international law. UN and U.N. redirect here. ... CAT states: members in green, non-members in grey The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) is an international human rights instrument, organized by the United Nations and intended to prevent torture and other similar activities. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Third Geneva Convention The Third Geneva Convention (or GCIII) of 1949, one of the Geneva Conventions, is a treaty agreement that primarily concerns the treatment of prisoners of war (POWs), and also touched on other topics. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Fourth Geneva Convention The Fourth Geneva Convention (GCIV) relates to the protection of civilians during times of war in the hands of an enemy and under any occupation by a foreign power. ... Jessica Dawn Lynch (born April 26, 1983 in Palestine, West Virginia) is a former Quartermaster Corps Private First Class (PFC) in the United States Army. ... Alberto R. Gonzales (born August 4, 1955 in San Antonio, Texas, USA) is the current United States. ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Convention Against Torture defines torture in the following terms: For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ...

One of the most infamous pictures is of a hooded prisoner dressed in a KKK-like costume, standing on a box with electrical wires connected to various parts of his body. Satar Jabar (charged with carjacking, not terrorism)^[57] was reportedly told that he would be electrocuted if he fell off the box. While the army claims that the wires were not live and that the prisoner at no time faced actual electrocution, only the threat thereof, the prisoner himself later stated in an interview after his release that the wires were live, and electric shocks were applied many times.^{[citation needed]} KKK may refer to: // Ku Klux Klan, white supremacy group(s) Katipunan (Society), a revolutionary group from Philippine history; full name Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan Anak ng Bayan (roughly translated: Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the Nation) Kokusai Kogyo Kabushikigaisha, a Japanese bus and taxi company AG K... Satar Jabar Satar Jabar was a prisoner at Abu Ghraib prison charged with carjacking, not terrorism, [1] as many have claimed. ...

The International Committee of the Red Cross stated in its confidential February 2004 report to the coalition forces that prisoners deemed to have an "intelligence" value were systematically "subjected to a variety of harsh treatments [...] which in some cases was tantamount to torture". The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. ...

Some legal experts have said that the United States could be obligated to try some of its soldiers for war crimes. Under the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions, prisoners of war and civilians detained in a war may not be treated in a degrading manner, and violation of that section is a "grave breach". In a November 5, 2003 report on prisons in Iraq, the Army's provost marshal, Maj. Gen. Donald J. Ryder, stated that the conditions under which prisoners were held sometimes violated the Geneva Conventions. In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Also, legal analysts point to the fact that Alberto Gonzales and others argued that detainees should be considered "unlawful combatants" and as such not protected by the Geneva Conventions in multiple memoranda, known today as the "torture memos," regarding these perceived legal gray areas.^[58] Gonzales' observed at the time that denying coverage under the Geneva Conventions "substantially reduces the threat of domestic criminal prosecution under the War Crimes Act" suggesting, at the least, an awareness by those involved in crafting policies in this area that US officials are involved in acts that could be seen to be war crimes.^[59] The US Supreme Court challenged the practice of ignoring the Geneva Conventions in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, in which it ruled that Common Article Three of the Geneva Conventions applies to all detainees in the War on Terror and that the Military Tribunals used to try these suspects were in violation of US and international law.^[60] Alberto Gonzales (born August 4, 1955), is the 80th and current Attorney General of the United States. ... The term unlawful combatant (also unlawful enemy combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent) denotes a person denied the privileges of prisoner of war (POW) designation, in accordance with the Geneva Conventions; one to whom protection is recognised as due is a lawful or privileged combatant. ... Original document. ... The War Crimes Act of 1996 was passed with overwhelming majorities by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... For the case involving a United States citizen, see Hamdi v. ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ... Military commissions are among procedures planned by the U.S. Bush administration to deal with detainees it links to al-Qaeda. ...

The Military Commissions Act of 2006 is seen as an amnesty law for crimes committed in the War on Terror by retroactively rewriting the War Crimes Act^[61] and by abolishing habeas corpus, effectively making it impossible for detainees to challenge crimes committed against them.^[62] Because of this on November 14, 2006, invoking universal jurisdiction, legal proceedings were started in Germany - for their alleged involvement of prisoner abuse under the command responsibility- against Donald Rumsfeld, Alberto Gonzales, John Yoo, George Tenet and others.^[63] President George W. Bush signs into law S. 3930, the Military Commissions Act of 2006, during a ceremony on October 17, 2006 in the East Room of the White House. ... For other uses, see Habeas corpus (disambiguation). ... Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a controversial principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country. ... Prisoner abuse is the mistreatment of persons while they are under arrest or incarcerated. ... Peace Palace in The Hague Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard, or the Medina standard is the doctrine of hierarchical accountability in cases of war crimes. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... Alberto Gonzales (born August 4, 1955), is the 80th and current Attorney General of the United States. ... John Choon Yoo (born 1967), is a professor of Law at the Boalt Hall School of Law, the University of California, Berkeley. ... George Tenet George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and was previously the Director of Central Intelligence for the United States Central Intelligence Agency. ...

Some of the accused soldiers' families or attorneys have already made clear an intention to argue that the practices at Abu Ghraib were directed by higher-ranking military officers or by the Central Intelligence Agency. Under the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, this "defense of superior orders" is not a defense for war crimes, although it might influence a sentencing authority to lessen the penalty. Under U.S. law, the War Crimes Act of 1996 makes it a federal crime to violate certain provisions of the Geneva Conventions. The Act punishes any American, military or civilian, who commits a "grave breach" of the Geneva Conventions. A grave breach, as defined by the Geneva Conventions, includes the deliberate "killing, torture or inhuman treatment" of detainees. Violations of the War Crimes Act that result in death carry the death penalty.^[64] â€œCIAâ€ redirects here. ... The Nuremberg Principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitues a war crime. ... The Nuremberg Defense is a legal defense that essentially states that the defendant was only following orders (befehl ist befehl) and is therefore not responsible for his crimes. ... The War Crimes Act of 1996 was passed with overwhelming majorities by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. ... Original document. ...

Executive Order

On December 21, 2004, the American Civil Liberties Union released copies of FBI internal memos they had obtained under the Freedom of Information Act concerning alleged torture and abuse at Guantanamo Bay, in Afghanistan and in Iraq. One memo dated May 22, 2004 was from someone whose name was blanked out but was described in the memo as "On Scene Commander -- Baghdad".^[65] He referred explicitly to an Executive Order that sanctioned the use of extraordinary interrogation tactics by U.S. military personnel. The methods explicitly mentioned as being sanctioned are sleep deprivation, hooding prisoners, playing loud music, removing all detainees' clothing, forcing them to stand in so-called "stress positions", and the use of dogs. The author also claimed that the Pentagon had limited use of the techniques by requiring specific authorization from the chain of command. The author identifies "physical beatings, sexual humiliation or touching" as being outside the Executive Order. This was the first internal evidence since the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse affair became public in April 2004 that forms of abusive coercion and torture of captives had been mandated by the President.^[66] is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is the common name for an American organization consisting of two separate entities. ... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... Nearly sixty countries around the world have implemented some form of freedom of information legislation, which sets rules on governmental secrecy. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The presidential seal was used by Rutherford B. Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... This article is about the United States military building. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...

Details

Death certificates repeatedly stated that prisoners had died "during sleep", and of "natural reasons". Iraqi doctors are not allowed to investigate even when death certificates are obviously forged. No reports of investigations against U.S. military doctors who forged death certificates have been reported.

On 7 May 2004, International Committee of the Red Cross Operations Director Pierre Krähenbühl stated that the ICRC's inspection visits to Coalition detention centers in Iraq did "not allow us to conclude that what we were dealing with... were isolated acts of individual members of coalition forces. What we have described is a pattern and a broad system." He went on to say that some of the incidents they had observed were "tantamount to torture".^[67]^[68] is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. ...

U.S. and UK armed forces are jointly trained in so-called resistance to interrogation (R2I) techniques. These R2I techniques are taught ostensibly to help soldiers cope with or resist torture by the enemy. On May 8, 2004, The Guardian reported that, according to a former British special forces officer, the acts committed by the Abu Ghraib Prison military personnel resemble the techniques used in R2I training.^[69] Also related are pride-and-ego down techniques to make captives more willing to cooperate.^[70] R2I or resistance to interrogation is a name for a set of techniques taught to UK, USA and other NATO soldiers ostensibly to help them, after capture by the enemy, to resist interrogation techniques such as humiliation and torture. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ... Abu Ghraib cell block The Abu Ghraib prison (Arabic: Ø³Ø¬Ù† Ø£Ø¨Ùˆ ØºØ±ÙŠØ¨; also Abu Ghurayb) is in Abu Ghraib, an Iraqi city 32 km (20 mi) west of Baghdad. ... Pride-and-ego down refers to humiliation techniques used by captors in interrogating prisoners to encourage cooperation, usually consisting of attacking the sources sense of personal worth and in an attempt to redeem his pride, the source will usually involuntarily provide pertinent information in attempting to vindicate himself. ...

Most accept the particular acts committed at the prison leading to the initial broadcast report were unauthorized, but as has been shown, they were not isolated incidents. These or similar incidents of torture and humiliation were routine, systemic and widespread, had been occurring for over a year, and some of them were official policy.

Alfred W. McCoy history professor and author of a book on torture in the Philippine armed forces, has noted similarities in the abusive treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib and the techniques described in the CIA's 1963 "KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation" manual and asserts that what he calls "the CIA's no-touch torture methods" have been in continuous use by the CIA and U.S. military intelligence since that time. Alfred W. McCoy is a noted historian and current Professor of History in the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. ... KUBARK was a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency cryptonym for the CIA itself. ...

A May 25, 2004 article by Hersh in The New Yorker suggests a connection between the Abu Ghraib incidents and a chain of decisions and events set into play by high administration officials following the 9/11 attacks, specifically to a "special access" or "black ops" program known as Copper Green. According to Hersh, officials concerned with extracting intelligence information from terrorists stretched the bounds of interrogation to or beyond the extreme legal limits. Subsequently, methods which were originally intended to be used only on high value Taliban and Al Qaeda "enemy combatants" came to be improperly used on Iraqi prisoners. The Department of Defense immediately characterized Hersh's report as "outlandish, conspiratorial, and filled with error and anonymous conjecture". is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Copper Green is reported by American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh to be one of several code names for a US black ops program, according to an article in the May 24, 2004 issue of The New Yorker. ...

Ricardo Sanchez

Documents obtained by The Washington Post and the ACLU show that the senior U.S. military officer in Iraq Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez authorized the use of military dogs, temperature extremes, reversed sleep patterns and sensory deprivation as interrogation methods in Abu Ghraib.^[71] Also a November 2004 report by Brig Gen Richard Formica found that many troops, from the Abu Ghraib prison, were only following orders based on a memo from Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez and "[She] didn't find cruel and malicious criminals that are out there looking for detainees to abuse,".^[72] "Gen Sanchez authorised interrogation techniques that were in clear violation of the Geneva Conventions and the army's own standards", ACLU lawyer Amrit Singh said in the union's statement.^[73] In an interview for her hometown newspaper The Signal, General Karpinski claimed to have seen unreleased documents from Rumsfeld that authorized these tactic for Iraqi prisoners.^[74] Both Sanchez and Rumsfeld have denied authorization. The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C.. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. ... The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non_governmental organization devoted to defending civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. ... Lt. ... Lt. ...

Ongoing news

In September 2005, U.S. District Judge Alvin K. Hellerstein ordered the release of new Abu Ghraib torture photos.^[75] Judge Alvin Hellerstein is a judge for the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and has been involved in several high-profile cases. ...

In December 2005, John Pace, human rights chief for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), criticized the US military's practice of holding prisoners in Iraq in its own facilities such as Abu Ghraib prison. In an interview with Reuters,^[76] Pace claimed that Abu Ghraib was not mandated by UN Resolution 1546, according to which the US government has claimed a legal mandate permitting its ongoing occupation of Iraq, including holding prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Pace said, Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pronounced is known as a financial market data provider and a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ...

On March 29, 2006, the government agreed to drop all appeals and release the new set of photographs.^[77] is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former U.S. general

In November 2006, the former US Army Brigadier General Janis Karpinski, in-charge of Abu Ghraib prison until early 2004, told Spain's El Pais newspaper she had seen a letter apparently signed by Donald Rumsfeld which allowed civilian contractors to use techniques such as sleep deprivation during interrogation. "The methods consisted of making prisoners stand for long periods, sleep deprivation ... playing music at full volume, having to sit in uncomfortably ... Rumsfeld authorized these specific techniques." She said that this was contrary to the Geneva Convention and quoted the same "Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind". According to Karpinski, the handwritten signature was above his printed name and in the same handwriting in the margin was written: "Make sure this is accomplished". There have been no comments from either the Pentagon or US Army spokespeople in Iraq on Karpinski's accusations.^[78]^[79]^[80] Janis Karpinski wearing her Brigadier General star before being demoted to Colonel Janis Leigh Karpinski (born May 25, 1953, Rahway, New Jersey) is a United States Army Colonel in the 800th Military Police Brigade. ... See Abu Ghraib prison and Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. ... El País (The country) is one of the most widely read Spanish newspapers. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a businessman, a U.S. Republican politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of sleep. ... The Geneva Conventions consist of treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. ... This article is about the United States military building. ...

However, Karpinski has been exposed for lying to the media in order to cover up the abuses in the first place. On October 2003, when allegations of torture in the new Iraqi prisons began to surface. Karpinski insisted that prisoners under her watch were treated "humanely and fairly". In an interview with the St. Petersburg Times in December 2003, Karpinski said conditions in the prison were even better than many Iraqi homes, and joked that the prisoners were treated so well that she was "concerned they wouldn't want to leave" [3].

In January 2004, the details of her misconduct began to become known. Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez formally suspended Karpinski and sixteen other soldiers with undisclosed reprimands. An investigation was started into the abuse, and Karpinski left Iraq for reasons that were explained at the time as part of "routine troop rotations". She was later demoted to the rank of colonel for her negligence in this case. Lt. ...

Previously unreleased photographs

In February 2006, previously unreleased photos and videos were broadcast by SBS, an Australian television network. According to initial reports, the Bush administration is attempting to prevent release of the images in the US, arguing that their publication could provoke antagonism towards them. According to BBC World News, the photographs were probably taken around the same time as the previously released photographs, and include some of the same prisoners and convicted soldiers from the earlier images. These newly-released photographs depict prisoners crawling on the floor naked, being forced to perform sexual acts, and being covered in feces. Some images also show homicide and corpses, some shot in the head and some with slit throats. BBC World News stated that one of the prisoners, who was reportedly mentally unstable, was considered by prison guards as a 'pet' for torture.^[81]^[82]^[83]^[84]^[85] Image File history File links Abu_ghraib_feces_06a. ... Image File history File links Abu_ghraib_feces_06a. ... Media:Example. ... The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is one of two government funded Australian public broadcasting radio and television networks, the other being the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). ...

The UN expressed hope that the pictures would be investigated immediately but the Pentagon stated that the images "have been previously investigated as part of the Abu Ghraib investigation."^[86]

Five of the newly released pictures can be seen on the ElMundo webpage.^[87] SBS claims not to have published the most shocking pictures due to the degree of their depravity, an example being the sodomy photo.

On March 15, 2006, Salon.com published the most extensive documentation of the abuse.^[88] The source who gave the CID material to Salon magazine is familiar with the CID investigation. is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Salon. ...

The DVD containing the material includes a June 6 2004, CID investigation report written by Special Agent Seigmund. That report includes the following summary of the material: "A review of all the computer media submitted to this office revealed a total of 1,325 images of suspected detainee abuse, 93 video files of suspected detainee abuse, 660 images of adult pornography, 546 images of suspected dead Iraqi detainees, 29 images of soldiers in simulated sexual acts, 20 images of a soldier with a Swastika drawn between his eyes, 37 images of Military Working dogs being used in abuse of detainees and 125 images of questionable acts." is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Abu Ghraib is now in the process of officially closing as of March 9, 2006. is the 68th day of the year (69th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Popular culture

The 2006 Turkish movie Valley of the Wolves Iraq depicts events which happened in Abu Ghraib prison in detail. This was the first depiction of the Abu Ghraib incident in film. Valley of the Wolves Iraq (Turkish: Kurtlar Vadisi Irak) is a popular Turkish film from 2006 based on a television series of the same name that has been a hit in Turkey for three seasons. ...

The 2004 U.S. pornographic movie Gag Factor 15 by JM Productions contains a scene with Ashley Blue parodying torture at Abu Ghraib involving rough deepthroating. On May 31, 2006, the company as well as its principal Mike Norton and distributors were indicted for distribution of obscenity by the U.S. federal government. Gag Factor 15 was one of the 4 named movies in the indictment.^[89]^[90] Gag Factor is a series of pornographic films made by JM Productions featuring rough deep throating. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Ashley Blue (born Orianna Rene Small[1] July 8, 1981) is the pseudonym of an American pornographic actress. ... This article is about the sexual act. ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Obscenity in Latin obscenus, meaning foul, repulsive, detestable, (possibly derived from ob caenum, literally from filth). The term is most often used in a legal context to describe expressions (words, images, actions) that offend the prevalent sexual morality of the time. ...

Colombian painter and sculptor Fernando Botero created a series of paintings and drawings, entitled Abu Ghraib. Familia (1989) Fernando Botero (born April 19, 1932) is a neo-figurative Colombian artist, self-titled the most Colombian of Colombian artists early on, coming to prominence when he won the first prize at the SalÃ³n de Artistas Colombianos in 1958. ...

The 2006 film Children of Men depicts the futuristic Bexhill Refugee Camp in England with scenes identical to several images from Abu Ghraib. Children of Men is a 2006 dystopian science fiction film co-written and directed by Alfonso CuarÃ³n. ...

The 2007 documentary Ghosts of Abu Ghraib, directed by Rory Kennedy, investigated the abuses and reaches the conclusion that the soldiers were following orders approved by Donald Rumsfeld. Ghosts of Abu Ghraib is a 2007 documentary film directed by Rory Kennedy. ... Rory Elizabeth Katherine Kennedy (born December 12, 1968) is the youngest of the eleven children of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. ...

See also

General information

Peace Palace in The Hague Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard, or the Medina standard is the doctrine of hierarchical accountability in cases of war crimes. ... Torture is any act by which severe pain, whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted on a person as a means of intimidation, a deterrent, revenge, a punishment, or as a method for the extraction of information or confessions (i. ... Hazing is an often ritualistic test and a task, which may constitute harassment, abuse or humiliation with requirements to perform random, often meaningless tasks, sometimes as a way of initiation into a social group. ... Etymology: Late Latin humiliatus, past participle of humiliare, from Latin humilis low. ... The official logo of the ICC The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)[1] was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression, although it cannot currently exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Camp Cropper is a high-value detention site (HVD) near Baghdad International Airport in Iraq, operated by the United States Army. ... Camp X-Ray, shown here under construction, was a temporary holding facility for detainees held at U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. ... Map of Cuba with location of GuantÃ¡namo Bay indicated. ... For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ...

Incidents and coverage

The Stanford prison experiment was ostensibly a psychological study of human responses to captivity and its behavioral effects on both authorities and inmates in prison. ... Human rights in occupied Iraq have caused many concerns and controversies since the 2003 occupation. ... Familia (1989) Fernando Botero (born April 19, 1932) is a neo-figurative Colombian artist, self-titled the most Colombian of Colombian artists early on, coming to prominence when he won the first prize at the SalÃ³n de Artistas Colombianos in 1958. ... ... In 2005, a 2,000-page U.S. Army report was obtained by the New York Times concerning the homicides of two unarmed civilian Afghan prisoners by U.S. armed forces in 2002 at the Bagram Collection Point. ... Copper Green is reported by American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh to be one of several code names for a US black ops program, according to an article in the May 24, 2004 issue of The New Yorker. ... The Quran desecration controversy of 2005 captured international attention in April 2005 when Newsweek published an article which appeared to confirm several previous allegations that U.S. personnel at the GuantÃ¡namo Bay prison camp had damaged a copy of the Quran by putting it in a toilet... The Phoenix Program (Vietnamese: Káº¿ Hoáº¡ch Phá»¥ng HoÃ ng, a word related to fenghuang, the Chinese phoenix) or Operation Phoenix was a military, intelligence, and internal security coordination program designed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Vietnam War. ... This is a list of current and past military scandals. ... There are several cases in which white phosphorus (WP) has been used as an anti-personnel weapon in Iraq, as confirmed by a United States military general serving in Iraq, but stated they did not intend for its use on civilians, only what it deemed hostile insurgents. ...

Misc.

Ashraf Abdullah Ahsy during his interrogation Ashraf Abdullah Ahsy is an Iraqi who was subjected to extended interrogation techniques including the use of dogs. ... Carolyn Wood Captain Carolyn Wood, United States Army, is a military intelligence officer who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. ... Criticisms of the War on Terrorism addresses the issues, morals, ethics, efficiency, and other questions surrounding the War on Terrorism. Arguments are also made against the phrase itself, calling it a misnomer. ... Human Rights Record of the United States can be perceived to mean: Human Rights Record of the United States, a report issued annually by the Peoples Republic of China since 1998 evaluating the United States, according to the USAs own standards (as which used in the USAs... Joe Ryan is an employee of CACI International, and in early 2004 was stationed at Abu Ghraib prison as an interrogator. ... The experimenter (V) orders the subject (L) to give what the subject believes are painful electric shocks to another subject (S), who is actually an actor. ... Some have called for the impeachment of U.S. President George W. Bush. ... The Nuremberg Defense is a legal defense that essentially states that the defendant was only following orders (befehl ist befehl) and is therefore not responsible for his crimes. ... This article is about the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... Disarmed Enemy Forces is a designation for captive enemy soldiers. ...

References

^ Hersh, Seymour Myron. "The general's report: how Antonio Taguba, who investigated the Abu Ghraib scandal, became one of its casualties.", The New Yorker, 2007-06-25. Retrieved on 2007-06-17. “Taguba said that he saw "a video of a male American soldier in uniform sodomizing a female detainee."”
^ http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=542742004
^ http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html
^ <http://www.salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/chapter_5/index.html
^ http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040510fa_fact
^ http://dir.salon.com/story/books/int/2005/11/10/karpinski/index.html
^ Army Activates First Interrogation Battalion, an April 2006 press release from the American Forces Press Service
^ ^a ^b http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/27/60II/main614063.shtml
^ ^a ^b http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=7926
^ "1,800 new pictures add to US disgust", The Guardian, May 13, 2004.
^ http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/people/features/11719/index3.html
^ Kate Zernike. "Detainees Depict Abuses by Guard in Prison in Iraq", New York Times, 12 January 2005.
^ http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/07/14/kidnap/index.html
^ http://www.humanrightsfirst.info/pdf/06214-usls-provance-statment.pdf
^ http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=542742004
^ ^a ^b Higham, Scott, and Stephens, Joe, "New Details of Prison Abuse Emerge", Washington Post, May 21 2004
^ "Listening to the Iraqi people", AsiaNews.it, May 15, 2004
^ Live At Daybreak, transcript, CNN.com, May 6, 2004
^ Washington Post, June 25, 2007, http://blog.washingtonpost.com/cheney/chapters/pushing_the_enevelope_on_presi/
^ http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode18/usc_sec_18_00002441----000-.html
^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/08/iraq/main616338.shtml
^ http://www.harpers.org/WeeklyReview2004-05-18.html
^ http://breaking.examiner.ie/2004/05/13/story147437.html
^ "GOP senator labels abused prisoners 'terrorists'", CNN, May 12, 2004.
^ Adam Hochschild. "What's in a Word? Torture", New York Times, May 23, 2004.
^ http://www.moveonpac.org/goreremarks052604.html
^ "Lott Joins Republican Critics of Rumsfeld", Washington Post, 17 December 2004.
^ "Donald Rumsfeld Should Go", The New York Times, 7 May 2004.
^ "Rumsfeld must go", Boston Globe, 7 May 2004.
^ "Editorial: A failure of leadership at the highest levels", Army Times, 17 May 2004.
^ http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/23/magazine/23PRISONS.html?pagewanted=3&ei=5007&en=a2cb6ea6bd297c8f&ex=1400644800&partner=USERLAND
^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/05/06/opinion/meyer/main616021.shtml
^ http://mediamatters.org/items/200405050003
^ "Arab Views discussion", NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, transcript, PBS, May 5, 2004
^ http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&u=/ap/20040512/ap_on_re_eu/vatican_prisoner_abuse
^ http://www.aclu.org/Files/OpenFile.cfm?id=18838
^ http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002960310_ghraib29.html
^ White, Josh (August 29, 2007). Officer acquitted of mistreatment in Abu Ghraib case. Washington Post. Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6795956/
^ http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=7988
^ http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/print.php?story_id_key=6482
^ http://wireservice.wired.com/wired/story.asp?section=Breaking&storyId=939300&tw=wn_wire_story
^ http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/print.php?story_id_key=6764
^ http://www4.army.mil/news/article.php?story=7348
^ http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=7988
^ http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1554326-1,00.html
^ http://www4.army.mil/ocpa/read.php?story_id_key=6843
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3806713.stm
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3810791.stm
^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6909202/
^ http://www.ce9.uscourts.gov/web/ocelibra.nsf/0/96bc0eea7e01146e88256ce8007dea3a?OpenDocument
^ ^a ^b http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2005/03/03_2005_Bazelon.html
^ http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/12/10/afghan9838.htm
^ http://web2.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR450292004?open&of=ENG-2MD
^ A few bad apples? video, CBC, November 16 2005
^ http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Aug2004/d20040824finalreport.pdf
^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5412316/site/newsweek/
^ Parsing pain By Walter Shapiro, Salon
^ War Crimes warnings
- Torture and Accountability by Elizabeth Holtzman article in The Nation posted June 28, 2005 (July 18, 2005 issue) about The Geneva Convention
- Former NY Congress member Holtzman Calls For President Bush and His Senior Staff To Be Held Accountable for Abu Ghraib Torture Thursday, June 30, 2005 on Democracy Now
- Memos Reveal War Crimes Warnings By Michael Isikoff Newsweek May 19, 2004
- US Lawyers Warn Bush on War Crimes Global Policy Forum January 28, 2003
^ The Gitmo Fallout: The fight over the Hamdan ruling heats up—as fears about its reach escalate. By Michael Isikoff and Stuart Taylor Jr., Newsweek, July 17, 2006
^ Pushing Back on Detainee Act by Michael Ratner is president of the Center for Constitutional Rights, The Nation, October 4, 2006
^ Military Commissions Act of 2006
- Why The Military Commissions Act is No Moderate Compromise By MICHAEL C. DORF, FindLaw, Oct. 11, 2006
- Bush's War Crimes Cover-up by Nat Hentoff, Village Voice, December 8th, 2006
- The John McCain Charade by Robert Kuttner, the Boston Globe, October 1, 2006
- Bush's "Dirty War" Amnesty Law By Robert Parry, Consortium News, September 23, 2006
- Republican Torture Laws Will Live in History By Larisa Alexandrovna, AlterNet, October 2, 2006.
^ Universal jurisdiction
- Charges Sought Against Rumsfeld Over Prison Abuse By ADAM ZAGORIN, Time
- War Crimes Suit Prepared against Rumsfeld Democracy Now, November 9th, 2006
- War Criminals, Beware by Jeremy Brecher and Brendan Smith, The Nation, November 3, 2006
^ The War Crimes Act of 1996; The Nation June 28, 2005, http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0629-28.htm
^ http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/FBI.121504.4940_4941.pdf
^ http://www.aclu.org/safefree/general/19913leg20050712.html
^ http://uk.news.yahoo.com/040507/325/et2ck.html
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3694521.stm
^ http://politics.guardian.co.uk/iraq/story/0,12956,1212199,00.html
^ http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=37858
^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A35612-2004Jun11.html
^ "Wrong advice blamed for US abuse", BBC NEWS AMERICAS, British Broadcasting Corporation, 2006-06-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. (eng) “"[...] most defendants say they were following orders."”
^ "US memo shows Iraq jail methods", BBC NEWS AMERICAS, British Broadcasting Corporation, 2005-03-30. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. (eng) “"The top US general in Iraq authorised interrogation techniques including the use of dogs, stress positions and disorientation, a memo has shown."”
^ http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/signal/iraq/sg070204.htm
^ http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9530938/
^ Quoted in The Age, 6 December, 2005, http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/america-abusing-mandate-in-iraq/2005/12/05/1133631201911.html
^ http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/3/28/201138.shtml
^ "Rumsfeld okayed Abu Ghraib abuses according to former US general" - CBS News
^ "Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former U.S. general" - ABC News
^ - "Rumsfeld okayed abuses says former US Army general" Reuters News
^ http://smh.com.au/news/world/the-photos-america-doesnt-want-seen/2006/02/14/1139890737099.html#
^ http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18162096-29277,00.html
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4715540.stm
^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,7374-2041780,00.html
^ http://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/02/15/afx2527490.html
^ http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,18166472-26619,00.html
^ http://www.elmundo.es/albumes/2006/02/15/torturas_irak/index.html
^ http://salon.com/news/abu_ghraib/2006/03/14/introduction/index.html
^ JM Productions Indicted on Federal Obscenity Charges AVN News, 31 May 2006.
^ JM, Five Star Issue Statement About Obscenity Charges AVN News, 5 June 2006.

Seymour Myron Sy Hersh (born April 8, 1937 Chicago) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative journalist and author based in Washington, DC. He is a regular contributor to The New Yorker magazine on military and security matters. ... For other uses, see New Yorker. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 2006 : â† - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- â†’ Marcos Pontes, Brazils first astronaut, reaches the International Space Station. ... A news release or press release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... 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The Nation (ISSN 0027-8378) is a weekly [1] U.S. periodical devoted to politics and culture, self-described as the flagship of the left. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nation (ISSN 0027-8378) is a weekly [1] U.S. periodical devoted to politics and culture, self-described as the flagship of the left. ... FindLaw. ... The Village Voice is a New York City-based weekly newspaper featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City. ... The Boston Globe is the most widely-circulated daily newspaper in Boston, Massachusetts and in the greater New England region. ... Robert Parry is an American investigative journalist who has written extensively about the Iran-Contra scandal. ... AlterNet, a project of the non-profit Independent Media Institute, is a progressive news website that was launched in 1998 and receives over 2 million visitors per month. ... Democracy Now! is an independent, award-winning news and opinion radio program airing on over 300 stations across North America every weekday, as well as both satellite television networks. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Category: ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Wikinews is a free-content news source and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... A jurist is a professional who studies, develops, applies or otherwise deals with the law. ...

Reports

is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Human Rights Watch Banner Human Rights Watch is a United States-based international non-government organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

News, press releases

id="Other_sources"> is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countryâ€™s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countryâ€™s national public radio and television broadcaster. ... is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jen Banbury is a American playwright, author and journalist. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Democracy Now! logo. ... is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Aidan Delgado (born November 18, 1981) is a former U.S. soldier who served with the 320th Military Police Company at Abu Ghraib. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Salon. ... Guardian Unlimited is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

Other sources

is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Guardian. ...

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