Abu-Musa Abd-Allah ibn Qays al-Ash`ari, better known as Abu Musa al-Ashari (Arabic: ابوموسی) (d.ca. 662 or 672) was a Companion (Sahaba) of the Prophet Muhammad and important figure in early Islamic history. He was at various times governor of Basra and Kufa and was involved in the early Muslim conquests of Persia. He was also an important participant in the troubles which occupied the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib (d.661). Look up Abdullah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Abdullah (or Abd Allah) means servant of Allah in Arabic. ... Meanings of IBN: In mathematics, invariant basis number is a property that most rings have In computing, see code page 865 In Arabic names, ibn means son of. In aircraft navigation, IBN means Image Based Navigation CNN IBN is an Indian newschannel. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Events The regent Grimuald usurps the kingship of the Lombards, driving Perctarit into exile and killing Godepert Births Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, Japanese poet (approximate date) Deaths Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine theologian Godepert, king of the Lombards Categories: 662 ... Events April 11 - Adeodatus succeeds Vitalian as Pope. ... In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابة) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ... Muhammad (Arabic محمد, also transliterated Mohammad, Mohammed, and formerly Mahomet, following the Latin) is revered by Muslims as the final prophet of God. ... Location of Basra Basra (also spelled BaÅŸrah or Basara; historically sometimes written Busra, Busrah, and the early form Bassorah; Arabic: , Al-Basrah) is the second largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of c. ... Kufa (الكوفة al-Kufa in Arabic) is a city in Iraq, about 170 km south of Baghdad, and 10 km northeast of Najaf. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘AlÄ« ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Events Caliph Ali Ben Abu Talib is assassinated. ...

Life

Abu Musa came originally from Yemen, where his tribe, the Ashar, lived in the pre-Islamic period. He accepted Islam at Mecca prior to the hijrah and returned to his native Yemen to propagate the faith. There was no news of him for more than a decade until following the conquest of Khaybar in 628 when he came to the Prophet in Medina with more than fifty converts from Yemen including his two brothers Abu Ruhm and Abu Burdah. Mecca or Makkah (in full: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: ‎) is the capital city of Saudi Arabias Makkah province, in the historic Hijaz region. ... Hijra may refer to: Hijra (Hegira/Hijrah/Hejira) is an Arabic term referring to the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622. ... Medina (Arabic: ‎ or المدينة ; also transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ...

Following the conquest of Mecca in 629, Abu Musa was named among those sent by the Prophet on the expedition to Awtas.^[1] Two years later he was appointed as one of the governors over Yemen, where he remained until the caliphate of Abu Bakr, whom he joined in fighting the local leader of the ridda (lit. apostasy) movement. Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ...

After the Caliphate of Abu Bakr

The appointments of Abu Musa to the governates of Basra and Kufa were made during the caliphates of Umar and Uthman, but the exact dates and circumstances are not clear. However, during the period that he was governor of one or the other of the two Muslim garrison towns in Iraq, Abu Musa is frequently mentioned in connection with the early Muslim conquest of the Sasanian Empire. In the Battle of Tostar (642) he distinguished himself as a military commander. The Persian commander, Hormuzan, had withdrawn his forces to the fortified city of Tostar. The Caliph Umar did not underestimate the strength of the enemy and he mobilized a force to confront Hormuzan. Among the Muslim forces were dedicated veterans like Ammar bin Yasir, Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari and his brother Anas, Majra'a al-Bakri and Salamah ibn Rajaa. Umar appointed Abu Musa as commander of the army. Tostar was impossible to take it by storm and several unsuccessful attempts were made to breach the walls. Fortunately, a Persian defector opened the city's gates from within making way for Abu Musa's army.^[2] For other uses of the name, see Umar (disambiguation). ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (disambiguation). ... Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... Events August 5 - In the Battle of Maserfield, Penda king of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald, king of Bernicia. ... This person is among the Sahaba of Muhammad . ... Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari was an eminent companion of the Prophet Muhammad and brother of Anas ibn Malik, the personal aide of the Prophet. ...

Following the Assassination of Uthman

There are many unresolved issues regarding the fitna (literally “trial”) period of dissension and civil war which split the Muslim community following the assassination of the Caliph Uthman. When Ali arrived in Kufa in 656 seeking support against Aishah bint Abi Bakr and the Basrans it is agreed that Abu Musa (then the governor of Kufa), urged his subjects not to support Ali and avoid participation in the fitna. When his advice was rejected and the people of Kufa supported Ali, Abu Musa was forced to leave and Ali desposed him from his governorate. However, the next year Abu Musa is named as the arbitrator (hakam) chosen by Ali’s party in accordance with the terms agreed between Ali and Muawiyah after the battle of Seffin. The proceedings of the arbitration court where inherently problematic, and the general picture of the events that transpired shows Abu Musa being outwitted by the clever and unscrupulous Amr bin Al'aas, the arbitrator appointed by Muawiyah I. Appearently, ‘Amr first persuaded Abu Musa to agree publicly that both Ali and Muawiyah should forfeit the caliphate, but then refused to do the same himself and insisted on Muawiyah’s claims.^[3] Fitna is an Arabic word for civil war, disagreement, division within Islam. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight for political power or control of an area. ... Kufa (الكوفة al-Kufa in Arabic) is a city in Iraq, about 170 km south of Baghdad, and 10 km northeast of Najaf. ... Aisha or Ayesha (Arabic عائشه for living) was a wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... ˤAmr ibn al-ˤĀs (Arabic: عمرو بن العاص) (born c. ... Muˤāwiyya I, or Muˤāwiyya ibn AbÄ«-Sufyān (Arabic: ). (602 - May 6, 680) was the fifth Muslim Caliph and founder of the Umayyad Dynasty of Islamic caliphs. ...

After this Abu Musa left for the Hijaz and spent the rest of his life near the Sacred Mosque, taking no further part in public affairs. There are a number of different dates given for his death, the most common being 662 and 672.^[4] Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz) is a region in the northwest of present-day Saudi Arabia; its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better-known for the holy city of Mecca. ... Events The regent Grimuald usurps the kingship of the Lombards, driving Perctarit into exile and killing Godepert Births Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, Japanese poet (approximate date) Deaths Maximus the Confessor, Byzantine theologian Godepert, king of the Lombards Categories: 662 ...

Contributions to Islamic Learning

Despite Abu Musa’s reputation as a soldier and politician, he was also praised for his beautiful recitation of the Qur'an, and he is associated with one of the early versions (mashahef), which was superseded by Uthman's recension. Some of the variants of Abu Musa's version have been preserved.^[5] He was also a respected faqih and was regarded among the leading judges in early Muslim history. People used to say: "The judges in this ummah are four: Umar, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abu Musa and Zayd ibn Thabit." Abu Musa is also credited with narrating numerous ahadith (sayings) of the Prophet Muhammad, as well as being the ancestor of the founder of the Ash'ari theological school within Islam, Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d.935). The Quran [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran, Turkish Kuran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... Umma (Arabic: ) is an Arabic word meaning community or nation. ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘AlÄ« ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Zayd ibn Thabit was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... The Ashari (Arabic الأشعرية al-ash`aryah) is a school of early Muslim philosophy named after its founder, the theologian Abu lHasan al-Ashari (d. ... Abu al-Hasan bin Ismael al-Ashari (Arabic ابو الحسن بن إسماعيل اﻷشعري) (c. ...

Notes

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see also

• Sahaba
• Hijri year

In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابة) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ... This article is about Islamic Calendar, for the event of hijra see Migration to Medina. ...

External links

• Sunni view