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Academic Plagiarism (5425 words) |
 | Academic plagiarism occurs when a writer repeatedly uses more than four words from a printed source without the use of quotation marks and a precise reference to the original source in a work presented as the author's own research and scholarship. |
| When an entire academic monograph consists of paraphrased passages, with only a few explanatory comments that frame the paraphrasing, the book is plagiarized even though the author continually refers to the original author of the material cited and does not quote the author without quotation marks. |
| Although recycling fraud in academic publications is a gray area many universities implicitly recognize the practice as fraudulent by publishing rules preventing students from submitting essentially the same essay for credit in different courses. |
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Fraud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (736 words) |
| In the broad legal sense a fraud is any crime or civil wrong for gain that utilises some deception practiced on the victim as its principal method. |
| In criminal law, fraud is the crime or offense of deliberately deceiving another in order to damage them — usually, to obtain property or services from him or her unjustly. |
| Fraud, in addition to being a criminal act, is also a type of civil law violation known as a tort. |
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