Bachelor's gown, with hood and cap

The traditional BA hood worn with an undergraduate gown for graduation from the University of Cambridge

The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, led by a bedel or mace-bearer

An alternative coloured gown, Open University, MEd

An Anglican priest in choir dress. The dark red of his divinity hood can be seen on his shoulders.

Academic dress or academical dress (also known in the United States as academic regalia) is traditional clothing worn specifically in academic settings. It is more commonly seen nowadays only at graduation ceremonies, but in former times academic dress was, and to a lesser extent in many ancient universities still is, worn on a daily basis. This article deals chiefly with academic dress in the English-speaking world. Photo taken at the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony held during december 2004. ... Photo taken at the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony held during december 2004. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File linksMetadata OU-graduate. ... Image File history File linksMetadata OU-graduate. ... Affiliations Alliance of Non-Aligned Universities, Association of Commonwealth Universities, European Association of Distance Teaching Universities, Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Website http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 80 KB) Summary Picture of Anglican priest in choir habit -- cassock, surplice, academic hood and tippet -- taken by Gareth Hughes on 21 October 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 80 KB) Summary Picture of Anglican priest in choir habit -- cassock, surplice, academic hood and tippet -- taken by Gareth Hughes on 21 October 2005. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Anglicanism is the term used to encapsulate... . ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Girls wearing formal attire for dancing, an example of one of the many modern forms of clothing. ... Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ... Academic procession during the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony. ... Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Academic dress in most universities in the Commonwealth is derived from the academic dress of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which themselves are a development of academic and clerical dress common throughout the medieval universities of Europe. In the United States, however, academic dress has also been influenced by the academic dress of continental Europe. Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress. It is generally considered bad form to wear a gown or hood to which one is not entitled: at best it indicates the wearer's ignorance and indifference to correct form, at worst it could be seen as a fraudulent pretence to a status one does not have. This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... The first European medieval institutions generally considered to be universities were established in Italy, France, and England in the late 11th and the 12th centuries for the study of arts, law, medicine, and theology. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... A learned society is a society that exists to promote an academic discipline or group of disciplines. ...

Academic dress today generally consists of a gown (also known as a robe) with a (usually separate, unattached) hood, and sometimes a cap (either a mortarboard or a bonnet). When wearing academic dress, it is usual to dress formally and soberly beneath the gown; so, for example, men would typically wear a dark suit with a white shirt and tie, or military or national dress, and women would wear equivalent attire. Though some of the newer universities are relaxed about what people wear under their gowns, it is nevertheless considered bad form to be in casual wear or the like during graduation. Some older universities, especially Oxford and Cambridge, have a prescribed set of dress (known as subfusc) to be worn under the gown. Wedding - Bridesmaid in long gown A gown or evening gown is a womans evening wear, corresponding to mens formal wear for white tie and black tie events. ... Graduation portrait of Linus Pauling, 1922 A mortarboard is an item of academic headgear consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. ... A tudor bonnet is an academic cap worn by one holding a doctorate degree as part of the academic dress. ... Suits from the 1937 Chicago Woolen Mills catalog A suit, with varieties such as a business suit, three-piece suit, lounge suit or two-piece suit , comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat (commonly known as a jacket) a waistcoat (optional) (USA vest) — without this it is... Business shirt A shirt is a piece of clothing for the trunk of the body. ... Look up tie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... National dress is a type of clothing which identifies with a certain nationality or culture. ... For the football culture, see Casuals. ...

British academic dress

There is a distinction between different types of academical dress. Most recently, gowns, hoods and caps are categorised into their shape and patterns by what maybe known as the Groves Classification of Academic Dress, which is based on Nicholas Groves's document, Hood and Gown Patterns ^[1]. This lists the various styles or patterns of academic dress and asigns them a code. For example, the Cambridge BA style gown is designated [b2] and a hood in the Cambridge full-shape is designated [f1], etc.

The gown

The modern gown is derived from the roba worn under the cappa clausa, a garment resembling a long black cape. In early medieval times, all students at the universities were in at least minor orders, and were required to wear the cappa or other clerical dress, and restricted to clothes of black or other dark colour. The minor orders are the lowest ranks in the Christian clergy. ...

The gowns most commonly worn, that of the clerical type gowns of Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Master of Arts (MA), are substantially the same throughout the English-speaking world. Both are traditionally made of black cloth, (although occasionally the gown is dyed in one of the college's colours) and have the material at the back of the gown gathered into a yoke. The BA gown has bell-shaped sleeves, while the MA gown has long sleeves closed at the end, with the arm passing through a slit above the elbow. A B.A. issused as a certificate Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... A Master of Arts is a postgraduate academic masters degree awarded by universities in North America and the United Kingdom (excluding the ancient universities of Scotland and Oxbridge. ...

There are two types of yokes which are used for gowns. The more traditional is the curved yoke, whilst the square or straight yoke is used more in modern times.

Another type of gown is called the lay type gown which is similar to the MA gown in that it has long closed sleeves but it does not have a yoke. Instead, there is a flap collar with the gathers underneath it. Thus it is less volumous than the clerical type gown. This gown is often used for the dress of officers and graduates of some degrees (especially Oxford).

Undergraduates at many older universities also wear gowns; the most common essentially a smaller knee-length version of the BA gown, or the Oxford Commoners gown which is sleeveless lay type gown and has two streamers at the back. This is not the case at the Ancient Scottish universities, such as the University of St Andrews, where the undergraduate gown is scarlet and typically features a velveteen collar. St Marys College Bute Medical School St Leonards College[5][6] Affiliations 1994 Group Website http://www. ...

In the Commonwealth, gowns are worn open, while in the United States it has become common for gowns to close at the front, as did the original roba.

Dress and undress

Since medieval times, doctors, like bishops and cardinals, have been authorised to wear garments of brighter colours such as scarlet, purple or red. In many older universities, doctors have scarlet dress gowns or robes (sometimes called "festal robes") which are worn on special occasions (for example, at graduation ceremonies and on certain festivals of the Christian calendar), as well as black undress gowns which are worn on ordinary occasions. A third form of dress, now rarely seen except at Oxford, is the Convocation habit. This is a scarlet sleeveless garment worn over the black gown, with the sleeves of the gown pulled through the armholes. It is similar to a bishop's chimere. It is worn at meetings of Convocation or Congregation by those presenting candidates for degrees. This article is about a title or office in religious bodies. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... A festival is an event, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community. ... A Convocation (Latin calling together, translating the Greek ecclesia) is a group of people formally assembled for a special purpose. ... A chimere is a garment that can be worn as part of academic dress, or by Anglican bishops in choir dress. ... A congregation is the assembly of senior members of a university, especially in the United Kingdom. ...

There are two distinctive shapes used in the UK for doctor's gown; the Oxford doctor's shape and the Cambridge doctor's shape. The former has bell-shaped sleeves, the latter has long open sleeves.

The hood

The hood was originally a functional garment, worn to shield the head from the elements. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. It is also worn by clergy of the Anglican Communion, depending on the type of theological degree held, in choir dress over the surplice. The Anglican Communion uses the compass rose as its symbol, signifying its worldwide reach and decentralized nature. ... An Anglican priest wearing a surplice as part of his choir dress. ...

Hoods comprise two basic patterns, 'full shape' or 'simple shape'. The traditional "full-shape" hood consists of a cape, cowl and liripipe, as is used at Cambridge. At Oxford, the bachelors' and masters' hoods use "simple" hoods which have lost their cape, and retain only the cowl and liripipe. Some universities only have a cape and cowl and no liripipe; these are referred to as the "Aberdeen shape". Various other universities have different shapes and patterns of hoods, in some cases corresponding to the pattern current at the ancient universities at the time when they were founded, and in others representing a completely new design. A Roman Catholic monk wearing a cowl The cowl (from the Latin, cuculla) is a long, outer garment, with wide sleeves, worn by Catholic monks when participating in the liturgy. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

The colour and lining of hoods in academic dress represents the rank and faculty of the wearer. In many Commonwealth universities bachelors wear hoods edged or lined with white rabbit fur, while masters wear hoods lined with coloured silk (originally ermine or other expensive fur). Doctors' hoods are normally made of scarlet cloth and lined with coloured silk.

The cap

The academic cap or square, commonly known as the "mortarboard", has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top center of the board. Properly worn, the cap is parallel to the ground, though some people, especially women, wear it angled back. Graduation portrait of Linus Pauling, 1922 The square academic cap, very commonly called a mortarboard (from the French mortier, a type of toque), is an item of academic headgear consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. ...

The mortarboard may also be referred to as a trencher cap (or simply trencher). In many universities, holders of doctorates wear a soft rounded headpiece known as a Tudor bonnet or tam, rather than a trencher. Other types of hats used, especially in some universities in the UK, are the John Knox cap and the Bishop Andrewes cap. In some universities, such as Oxford, women may wear an Oxford ladies' cap. Graduation portrait of Linus Pauling, 1922 The square academic cap, very commonly called a mortarboard (from the French mortier, a type of toque), is an item of academic headgear consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. ... A tudor bonnet is an academic cap worn by one holding a doctorate degree as part of the academic dress. ... The tam is a tall, round knitted cap, which is often brightly coloured. ...

For Catholic clergy, the traditional black biretta is worn instead of the mortarboard. Those clerics who possess a doctorate wear the black biretta with four ridges--instead of the usual three--and with piping and pom of the color of the discipline, thus, e.g., emerald for canon law, scarlet for sacred theology, etc. A traditional biretta The biretta is a square cap with three or four ridges or peaks, sometimes surmounted by a tuft, traditionally worn by Roman Catholic clergy, as well as by some clergy of the Anglican Churches. ...

As with other forms of headgear, in the Commonwealth, academic caps are not generally worn indoors by men (other than by the Chancellor or other high officials), but are usually carried. In some graduation ceremonies caps have been dispensed with for men, being issued only to women, who do wear them indoors, or have been abandoned altogether. This has led to urban legends in a number of universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland which have as a common theme that idea that the wearing of the cap was abandoned in protest at the admission of women to the university. This story is told at the University of Cambridge, Durham University, the University of Bristol, the University of St Andrews and Trinity College, Dublin among others. An urban legend or urban myth is a kind of modern folklore consisting of stories often thought to be factual by those circulating them. ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... Affiliations 1994 Group, European University Association, Association of MBAs, EQUIS, Universities UK, N8 Group, Association of Commonwealth Universities Website http://www. ... The University of Bristol is a university in Bristol, England. ... St Marys College Bute Medical School St Leonards College[5][6] Affiliations 1994 Group Website http://www. ... Trinity College, Dublin TCD,corporately designated as the Provost, Fellows and Scholars of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by Elizabeth I, and is the only constituent college of the University of Dublin, Irelands oldest university. ...

However, during graduation ceremonies in the United States, both women and men wear caps, and both women and men wear their caps indoors throughout the ceremony.

The tassel comprises a cluster of silk threads which are fixed together and fastened by a button at one end, and fixed at the centre of the headpiece. The loose strands are allowed to fall freely over the board edge. Often the stands are plaited together to form a cord with the end threads left untied. For other uses, see hilt and maize. ...

Dress for university officials

Officers of the universities generally wear distinct and more elaborate dress. The Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor may wear a black damask lay type gown (sometimes with a long train) trimmed with gold or silver lace and frogs. Officers of lower rank may wear plain black lay type gowns, sometimes with gold or silver trim. A Chancellor is the head of a university. ... A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a university in the United Kingdom, other Commonwealth countries, and some universities in Hong Kong, is the de facto head of the university. ... Lace appliqué and bow at the bust-line of a nightgown. ... A Frog is an ornamental braiding for fastening the front of a garment that consists of a button and a loop through which it passes. ...

United States

American academic dress is typically closed at the front and, as well as the hood, other items such as scarves, stoles or cords may be worn.

As well as deriving from British academic dress, academic dress in the United States has been influenced by the academic dress traditions of continental Europe. There is an Inter-Collegiate code which sets out a detailed uniform scheme of academic dress, but not all colleges follow it. Download high resolution version (750x1000, 120 KB)User Jacob1207 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (750x1000, 120 KB)User Jacob1207 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Bachelors' and masters' gowns in the United States are similar to their counterparts in the United Kingdom, but the bachelors' gown is only worn closed.

Doctoral robes are typically black, although some schools use robes in the school's colors. In general, doctoral gowns are similar to the gowns worn by master's graduates, with the addition of three velvet chevrons on the sleeves and velvet facing running down the front of the gown, tinted with the disciplinary color for the degree received. The robes have full sleeves trimmed with bands of velvet instead of the bell sleeves of the bachelor's gown. Some gowns open more at the front to display a tie or cravat, while others take an almost cape-like form. Modern neckties, shown here tied as if they were on a person, may be found in a plethora of colours and designs. ...

In the US, academic dress is rarely worn outside commencement ceremonies or other academic rituals such as encaenia. In most American schools, the color of the velvet outside of the hood is distinctive of the disciplines - or as closely related as possible - to which the degree earned pertains (see the table of degrees below). For instance, one who has earned a master's degree in public administration focusing on education would wear velvet trim of "light blue" to signify education rather than "peacock blue" to denote a general public administration concentration. The width of the velvet increases from 2 inches to three inches and finally to five inches for the bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees, respectively. The silk inside lining shows the colors of the school from which the wearer is a graduate. A number of other items, cords or sashes, may be also seen worn, representing various academic achievements. The length of the hood will vary with the level of academic achievement as well: bachelor's wear a 3 foot length, master's a 3.5 foot length, and doctors a 4 foot length. See also Academic dress Categories: Education | Academia ... Encaenia (Gk: festival of renewal) is an annual ceremony which takes place at some universities, most notably the University of Oxford. ... Honor cords is an item of academic dress consisting of twisted cords with tassels on either end given to members of honor societies or for various academic achievements. ... An academic stole is a vestment used by Australian universities as the regalia for diplomas, graduate diplomas, post graduate diplomas and graduate certificates. ...

The tassel worn on the mortarboard or tam may indicate the university's colors, or the colors of the specific college or discipline from which the student is graduating. There is in some universities a practice of moving the tassel from one side to the other on graduating, but this is a modern innovation which would be impractical out of doors due to the vagaries of the wind. However, this mark of transition to graduate status has the benefit of taking less time than more traditional indicators such as the conferring of the hood (which is also done at some Scottish universities), or a complete change of dress partway through the ceremony (as at Oxford). In such universities it is common for undergraduates to begin the commencement ceremony with their tassels on the right. Switching the tassel to the left may be done individually or as a group. For doctoral and masters students, the tassel commonly begins and remains on the left. The tam is a tall, round knitted cap, which is often brightly coloured. ...

Opposition to academic attire

During the American civil rights movement and culminating during the Vietnam War, eschewing academic regalia became a popular means of political opposition in the United States. Student protests, which had the effect of cancelling graduation ceremonies at some American universities, led to a general relaxing of protocols on academic attire and ceremonial pageantry. After the war, academic regalia continued to be shunned by some who considered it a symbol of elitism. However, since the 1980s, academic regalia has been in resurgence. Some colleges or academic departments allow graduating students to vote on whether or not to wear academic regalia at graduation ceremonies. The civil rights movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all citizens of United States. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Opposition_to_U.S._involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War. ... Elitism is the belief or attitude that the people who are considered to be the elite — a selected group of persons with outstanding personal abilities, wealth, specialised training or experience, or other distinctive attributes — are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken the most seriously, or...

Since the 1970s, academic uniforms have gained popularity among administrators of American secondary schools. This has been particularly notable at socially diverse public schools where the use of uniform academic attire is considered preferable to individual displays of wealth and fashion. Others have argued that academic uniforms are inappropriate in the context of secondary education and that such uniformity stifles freedom of expression. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979. ... High School also refers to the highest form of classical riding, High School Dressage. ... The term public school has two contrary meanings: In England, one of a small number of prestigious historic schools open to the public which normally charge fees and are financed by bodies other than the state, commonly as private charitable trusts; here the word public is used much as in... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ...

Inter-Collegiate colors

The colors allocated to the various disciplines have been largely standardized in the United States by the American Council on Education in their Academic Costume Code ^[2], so that a Bachelor of Arts wears white velvet (Arts, Letters and Humanities) while an M.D. or a D.O. wears green velvet. Other disciplines are as shown below: A B.A. issused as a certificate Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a doctorate level degree held by medical doctors. ... Osteopathy is the body of medicine that originally used strictly manipulative techniques for correcting somatic abnormalities thought to cause disease and inhibit recovery. ...

Corn is a color that resembles corn. ... The Bath, a painting by Mary Cassatt (1844-1926). ... This article is about letter, a written message from one party to another. ... The humanities are those academic disciplines which study the human condition using methods that are largely analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural and social sciences. ... A white rose. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Accountancy (profession) or accounting (methodology) is the measurement, disclosure or provision of assurance about financial information primarily used by managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and public agencies. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... Olive Drab is the color olive shaded green. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... Lilac is a color that is a pale shade of violet. ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... Copper is a reddish brown color that resembles the actual metal. ... Wonderful Days is a Korean animated science fiction film, released in 2003. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Computer scaence, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... See also Orange (disambiguation) for other meanings of the word. ... Fine art is a term used to refer to fields traditionally considered to be artistic. ... Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, a master builder, from αρχι- chiefs, leader , builder, carpenter)[1] is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... Brown, when used as a general term, is a color which is a dark orange, red or rose, of very low intensity. ... A decidous beech forest in Slovenia. ... Russet can mean: Look up russet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Journalism is a discipline of gathering, writing and reporting news, and more broadly it includes the process of editing and presenting the news articles. ... Crimson is a strong, bright deep red color combined with some blue, resulting in a tiny degree of purple. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... An African Daisy of almost psychedelic purple Purple is any shades of color occurring between blue and red; this color is sometimes confused with the more narrowly-defined spectral color violet. ... Library science is the science and study of issues related to libraries and the organization and management of information resources. ... Binomial name Citrus × limon (L.) Burm. ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... The use of the word pink as a color first occurred in the 17th century to describe the light red flowers of pinks, flowering plants in the genus Dianthus. ... Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, re-attaining, and maintaining optimal health and functioning. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... Oratory is the art of eloquent speech. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Silver is the metallic shade of the color gray closest to that of polished silver. ... For other uses, see Pharmacy (disambiguation). ... Olive is a dulled, darker yellowish-green color typically seen on green olives. ... The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ... Dark Blue is a 2002 film directed by Ron Shelton. ... Physical instruction at the U.S. Naval Training Station, Newport, Rhode Island, 1917 Physical education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of all areas of science relating to the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of these skills, and their results. ... Look up sage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Public administration can be broadly described as the study and implementation of policy. ... Public policy is a course of action or inaction chosen by public authorities to address a problem. ... The United States Foreign Service is a personnel system established under the Foreign Service Act. ... Peacock re-directs here; for alternate uses see Peacock (disambiguation). ... Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ... The color salmon pink comes in two shades, light salmon pink and salmon pink, both of which are shown below. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Gold is a shade of the color yellow closest to that of gold metal. ... Professional social workers are concerned with social problems, their causes, their solutions and their human impacts. ... Binomial name Citrus medica L. For other uses, see Citron (disambiguation). ... At Wikiversity you can learn more and teach others about Theology at: The School of Theology Theology finds its scholars pursuing the understanding of and providing reasoned discourse of religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... Divinity is the academic study of Christian and other theology and religious ministry at a school, divinity school, university, or seminary. ... Scarlet (from the Persian saqirlat or latin astacus= crayfish) is a color with a hue between red and orange. ... Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ... Gray (Gy) is the derived SI unit for absorbed dose, specific energy and kerma (kinetic energy in matter). ...

Materials

The materials used for academic dress varies and range from the cheap to the very expensive. Nowadays, graduates would rent their gowns instead of buying them, so these rented gowns will mostly be made of cheap polyester or other man-made synthetic fibre. People who choose to buy their dress may opt for finer fabrics, such as pricetta, poplin, crosgrain, cotton, wool, cassimere, broadcloth, bengaline, Russell cord (a cotton and wool mix fabric) or corded/ribbed material. For silk, there are a range of types including artificial silk, rayon, taffeta, satin, alpaca, true silk or a mixture. Some gowns may be trimmed with gimp lace. SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... Poplin, also called tabinet, is a heavy, durable fabric consisting of a silk warp with a weft of worsted yarn. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... Long and short hair wool at the South Central Family Farm Research Center in Boonesville, Arizona Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals of the Caprinae family, principally sheep, but the hair of certain species of other mammals such as goats, alpacas, llamas and rabbits may also... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Russell cord is a corded fabric which is woven using equal quantities of cotton and wool. ... Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber. ... Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber. ... Taffeta (sometimes spelled taffety) is a crisp, smooth woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers. ... Look up Satin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ... Silk dresses Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. ... Lace appliqué and bow at the bust-line of a nightgown. ...

In the past, fur has been used to line certain hoods (especially those of the UK) which range from rabbit to ermine. Most now use fake fur instead, mainly because of cost and animal rights concerns. Some robemakers will use fur if the customer requests and pays for it as some feel that the quality and feel of artificial fur has yet to match that of real fur. Rabbit hair (also called rabbit fur, cony, coney or lapin) is the fur of the common or Angora rabbit. ... The ermine (Mustela erminea) is a dark brown weasel, with a distinctive black-tipped tail. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ...

Doctor's robes usually use wool flannel, panama, damask or brocade and are brightly coloured (or black, but faced with a bright colour) to distinguish them from lower degrees. A young man wearing a tartan flannel shirt. ... Italian silk damask, 1300s. ... Brocade can stands for: thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven. ...

A full set may cost about $360 (£180) for cheap materials to as much as $5800 (£2900) for high quality materials. ^[3]

See also

• Academic procession
• Academic stole
• Chinese academic dress
• Ede and Ravenscroft
• The Burgon Society
• The Central Institute London

Academic dress regulations for the following universities are available via these links:- Academic procession on the occasion of the conferment of doctoral degrees at the University of Lund in southern Sweden (1990). ... An academic stole is a vestment used by Australian universities as the regalia for diplomas, graduate diplomas, post graduate diplomas and graduate certificates. ... The academic dress of China has a long history. ... Replica, made by Ede and Ravenscroft, of a uniform worn by Lord Nelson Ede and Ravenscroft are the oldest tailors in London, established in 1689. ... The Burgon Society was founded in 2000 for the study and promotion of academical dress, to preserve its history, and to advise film and television companies and interested others in the correct usage of academical dress. ... The Central Institute London, in full The Central Institute London for the Promotion of Academic Dress and Ceremonial, was established in 1999. ...

United Kingdom

• Academic dress of the University of Oxford
• Academic dress of the University of Cambridge
• Academic dress of the University of St Andrews
• Academic dress of the University of London
• Academic dress of Durham University
• Academic dress of the University of Bristol
• Academic dress of the University of Nottingham
• Academic dress of the University of Wales
• Academic dress of the University of Wales, Lampeter
• Academic dress of the University of Hertfordshire

Others This page concerns the academic dress of Oxford University. ... The gown and hood worn for BA graduation As is natural in the second oldest university in the United Kingdom, the University of Cambridge has a long tradition of academic dress. ... The University of St Andrews was founded between 1410 and 1413, being the oldest of the Ancient universities of Scotland and the third oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Academic dress of the University of London describes the robes, gowns and hoods which are prescribed by the university for its graduates and undergraduates. ... The academic dress of the University of Durham is based fairly closely on that of Oxford, although its subfusc clothing follows the Cambridge style, with a few graduates wearing bands and white ties. ... // The academic dress prescribed by the University of Bristol is a mixture of that prescribed by Cambridge and Oxford. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with University of Nottingham. ... The University of Wales was chartered in 1893, and consisted of three colleges that had existed for some time before - at Aberystwyth (founded 1872), Bangor (founded 1884) and Cardiff (founded 1883); they had awarded external degrees of the university of London. ... University of Wales, Lampeter Prifysgol Cymru, Llanbedr Pont Steffan   University of Wales, Lampeter (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru, Llanbedr Pont Steffan) is a university in Lampeter, Wales, the oldest degree awarding institution in Wales, and the third oldest in England and Wales after Oxford and Cambridge. ... The University of Hertfordshire is a modern university based largely in Hatfield, in the county of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, from which the university takes its name. ...

• Academic dress of Harvard University
• Academic dress of universities in Queensland, Australia
• Academic dress of the University of Melbourne
• Academic dress of Macquarie University

As the oldest university in the United States, Harvard University has a long tradition of academic dress. ... There are a number of universities in Queensland, Australia, all with distinct academic dress. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Academic dress of Macquarie University, in Sydney, Australia, models closely after that of the Universities of Cambridge and London. ...

References

• Shaw, George W. (1995), Academical Dress of British and Irish Universities. Chicester: Philmore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033974-X
• Venables, D.R. & Clifford, R.E. (1998). Academic Dress of the University of Oxford. Oxford: OUP. ISBN 0-9521630-0-4
• Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2005), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 5. Witney: Aldren Press. ISBN 0-9544110-7-2

External links

• The Burgon Society Promotes the interest in and the formal study of academic dress.
• University of London Academic Dress. Publication concerning University of London academic dress.
• History of Graduation Gowns, Academic Regalia and Dress
• Pictures, information and literature of some academical caps, especially academical birettas

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

Notes

1. ^  The Burgon Society: The Design of Academical Dress (http://www.burgon.org.uk/design/groves.php, 6th May 2007) Classification of Styles
2. ^  American Council on Education: An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide (http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=10625, 18 May 2007)
3. ^  Ede & Ravenscroft: Oxford DMus undress and full dress academic dress costs £2910 (undress gown: £181, hood: £409, rigid mortarboard: £80, full dress gown: £2117, velvet bonnet: £123). Information retrieved 18 May 2007.