Original headquarters of the Imperial Academy of Sciences - the Kunstkammer in Saint Petersburg.

Russian Academy of Sciences (Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к, shortened to PAH) is the national academy of Russia. This organization includes scientific institutes from all across the Russian Federation. It is an honour to be elected to membership of the Academy, and as of 2005 there are slightly less than 500 full members of the academy. During the time of the Soviet Union it was known as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The Academy is headquartered in Moscow. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... A national academy is a body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates the activities of research in (nearly always) the sciences and (sometimes) other disciplines. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ...

History

The Academy was founded in St. Petersburg by Peter the Great, and implemented in the Senate decree of January 22, 1724. It was called St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences between 1724 and 1917. Those invited to work there included mathematicians Leonhard Euler, Christian Goldbach, Nicholas and Daniel Bernoulli, embryologists Caspar Friedrich Wolff, astronomer and geographer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, physicist Georg Wolfgang Kraft and historian Gerhard Friedrich Müller. Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич or Pyotr I Alekseyevich) (Peter Alexeyevich Romanov) (9 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672– 28 January 1725 O.S.] [1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Leonhard Euler by Emanuel Handmann. ... Christian Goldbach (March 18, 1690 - November 20, 1764), was a Prussian mathematician, who was born in Königsberg, Prussia, as son of a pastor. ... Nicolaus II Bernoulli (February 6, 1695, Basel, Switzerland – July 31, 1726, Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Swiss mathematician. ... Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli (Groningen, February 8, 1700 – Basel, March 17, 1782) was a Dutch-born mathematician who spent much of his life in Basel, Switzerland. ... Caspar Friedrich Wolff (January 18, 1734 _ February 22, 1794) was a significant German anatomist. ... One of the 11 sons of Claude Delisle (1644–1720), Joseph-Nicolas Delisle was born in Paris on April 4, 1688. ...

Under the leadership of Princess Ekaterina Dashkova (1783-96), the Academy was engaged on compiling the huge Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language. Expeditions to explore remote parts of the country had Academy scientists as their leaders or most active participants. These included Vitus Bering's Second Kamchatka Expedition of 1733–43, and Peter Simon Pallas's expeditions to Siberia. Portrait of Princess Dashkov from the Hermitage Museum. ... Vitus Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering (also, less correctly, Behring) (August 1681–December 19, 1741) was a Danish-born navigator in the service of the Russian Navy, a captain-komandor known among the Russian sailors as Ivan Ivanovich. ... Kamchatka is the land of volcanoes. ... Peter Simon Pallas (September 22, 1741 - September 8, 1811) was a German-born Russian zoologist. ... Siberia is also an album by Echo & The Bunnymen. ...

In 1925 the Soviet government recognized the Russian Academy of Sciences as the "highest all-Union scientific institution" and renamed it the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The USSR Academy of Sciences helped to establish national Academies of Sciences in all Soviet republics (with the exception of Russia), in many cases delegating prominent scientists to live and work in other republics. 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Modern headquarters in Moscow.

In 1934 the Academy headquarters moved from Saint Petersburg to the Russian capital, Moscow, together with a number of academic institutes. Image File history File links Sk334. ... Image File history File links Sk334. ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: ) is the capital of Russia and the countrys principal political, economic, financial, educational and transportation center, located on the river Moskva. ...

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 2, 1991, Russian Academy of Sciences was restored, inheriting all facilities of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the territory of Russia. The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Institutions

The Russian Academy of Sciences includes a large number of educational and research institutions such as

• Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
• Dorodnicyn Computing Centre
• Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
• Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
• Komarov Botanical Institute
• Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering
• Lebedev Physical Institute
• Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
• Paleontological Institute
• Special Astrophysical Observatory
• Steklov Institute of Mathematics
• Sukachev Institute of Forest
• Institute of Philosophy

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology does not belong to RAS (it belongs to Ministry of Education of Russian Federation), but the system of education ("Phystech System") uses many institutes of RAS (as well as many others institutions) as educational centers. The Budker Institute in Winter The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is one of the major centres of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia. ... Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute is one of Russias largest research centers specialized in physics and technology. ... The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics. ... The Komarov Botanical Institute is the leading botanical institution in Russia. ... Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ... The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a Russian research institute specializing in physics. ... L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institution devoted primarily to the theoretical studies of Condensed matter theory Quantum field theory Nuclear and elementary particle physics Computational physics Nonlinear dynamics Mathematical physics It was formed in 1965 from a reserch group... Steklov Institute of Mathematics or Steklov Mathematical Institute (Russian: Математический институт имени В.А.Стеклова) is a research institute specialized in Mathematics. ... Institute of Forest SB RAS is the first academic institution of forest profile in this country. ... Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Russian language: Московский Физико-Технический институт) abbreviated MIPT (Russian language: МФТИ) a. ...

Member institutions are linked by a dedicated Russian Space Science Internet (RSSI). The RSSI, starting with just 3 members, now has 3100 members, including 57 of the largest research institutions.

See also

• Akademgorodok
• Category: Memebers of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Akademgorodok Akademgorodok (Russian: ), located 20 km south of Novosibirsk, Russia is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia. ...

External links

• RAS web site
• Web site of RAS management
• Russian Space Science Internet Network
• Satellite photo of the RAS Main Building
• Satellite photo of the RAS Old Building