| Acadians |
Acadian Flag
| | | Total population | | approximately 380,000 (not including Louisiana or most of New England) Image File history File links Flag_of_Acadia. ...
| | Regions with significant populations | Canada: 371,590
1
New Brunswick: 326,220
Quebec: 17,420
Nova Scotia: 11,180
Ontario: 8,745
Prince Edward Island: 3,020
United States –
New England: ?
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867...
Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government - Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...
| | Language(s) | | Acadian French (a dialect of French) and/or English; some areas speak Chiac; those who have resettled to Quebec typically speak Quebec French. | | Religion(s) | | Predominantly Roman Catholic | | Related ethnic groups | French
Acadiens
Cajuns
French-Canadian
| The Acadians (French: Acadiens) are the descendants of the 17th-century French colonists who settled in Acadia (located in the Canadian Maritime provinces — Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island — and some of the American state of Maine). Although today both Acadians and French-Canadian Québécois are francophone Canadians, Acadia was founded in a geographically separate region from Quebec ("Canada" at this time) leading to their two distinct cultures. The settlers whose descendants became Acadians did not necessarily all come from the same region in France. Acadian family names have come from many areas in France from the Maillets of Paris to the Leblancs of Normandy. Some Acadian families did not even originate in France; for example the popular Acadian surname 'Melanson' (originally 'Mallinson') has its roots in England, and those with the surname 'Bastrache', 'Basque', or 'Bascom' can find their origin in the Basque Country which is located between France and Spain. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Chiac is an Acadian French vernacular mixed with English, spoken in the south-east Canada, especially among youth near Moncton, Memramcook and Shediac. ...
Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...
“Catholic Church†redirects here. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group mainly living in Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles and peoples of other ethnicities with whom the Acadians eventually intermarried on the semitropical frontier. ...
“Canadiens†redirects here. ...
For the French colonial postage stamps, see French Colonies. ...
Flag History - Established 1604 - English conquest 1713 Acadia (1754) Acadia (in the French language lAcadie) was the name given to a colonial territory in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day New England, stretching as far south as Philadelphia. ...
Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area Ranked 39th - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²) - Width 210 miles (338 km) - Length 320 miles (515 km) - % water 13. ...
“Canadiens†redirects here. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
, Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Official languages French Government - Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Duchesne - Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 75 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 2nd - Total 1,542,056 km² (595...
For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...
Location of the Basque Country The Basque Country divided in seven provinces Capital Pamplona Official languages Basque, French, Spanish Demonym Basque Currency Euro The Basque-speaking areas This article is about the overall Basque domain. ...
In the Great Expulsion of 1755, around 4000 to 5000 Acadians were deported from Acadia by the British; many later settled in Louisiana, where they became known as Cajuns. Later on many Acadians returned to the Maritime provinces of Canada, most specifically New Brunswick. During the British conquest of New France the French colony of Acadia was renamed Nova Scotia (meaning New Scotland). The Great Upheaval (le Grand Dérangement), also known as the Great Expulsion or the Acadian Expulsion, is the eviction of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia between 1755 and 1763, ordered by governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council. ...
Map of Acadiana Region with the Cajun Heartland USA subregion highlighted in dark red. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group consisting essentially of the descendants of Acadians who came from Nova Scotia to Louisiana as a result of their refusal to swear allegiance to the British Crown. ...
History -
Acadia is home to the first permanent French settlement in North America, which was established at Port-Royal in 1604. In 1603 Henry IV, the King of France, granted Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts, the right to colonize lands in North America between 40° and 60° north latitude. Arriving in 1604, the French settlers built a fort at the mouth of the St. Croix River, which separates present-day New Brunswick and Maine, on a small island named Île-Ste-Croix. The following spring, the settlers sailed across the bay to Port-Royal (Annapolis Royal) in present day Nova Scotia. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The Habitation at Port-Royal is a National Historic Site located at Port Royal in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. ...
Henry IV of France, also Henry III of Navarre (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. ...
Kings ruled in France from the Middle Ages to 1848. ...
Pierre Dugua, the Sieur de Monts, (c. ...
This article is about the geographical term. ...
The St. ...
See also Saint Croix an island in the United States Virgin Islands Saint Croix Island, or Dochet Island as it is called today, is a small uninhabited island in Maine located at 45° 07′ 42″ N 067° 08′ 02″ W, near the mouth of the Saint Croix River that forms...
Annapolis Royal [[1]] , population 548 (Nova Scotia Statistical Review 2004 [[2]] ) was founded in 1610, down and across the Annapolis River from the site of Port Royal, which was the first permanent European settlement in North America north of Florida. ...
During the 17th century, about sixty French families were established in Acadia. They developed friendly relations with the aboriginal Mi'kmaq, learning their hunting and fishing techniques. The Acadians lived mainly in the coastal regions, farming land reclaimed from the sea through diking. Living on the frontier between French and British territories, the Acadians found themselves on the front lines in each conflict between the powers. Acadia was passed repeatedly from one side to the other, and the Acadians learned to survive through an attitude of studied neutrality, refusing to take up arms for either side, and thus came to be referred to as the "French neutrals." The Mikmaq The Mikmaq (; (also spelled MÃkmaq, Migmaq, Micmac or MicMac) are a First Nations people, indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Atlantic Provinces, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. ...
In the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, France ceded that portion of Acadia which is now Nova Scotia (minus Cape Breton Island) to the British for the last time. In 1754, the British government, no longer accepting the neutrality previously granted to the Acadians, demanded that they take an absolute oath of allegiance to the British monarch, which would require taking up arms. The Acadians did not want to take up arms against family members who were in French territory, and believed that the oath would compromise their Roman Catholic faith, and refused. Colonel Charles Lawrence ordered the mass deportation of the Acadians, without authority from London[citation needed] and despite earlier cautions from British authorities against drastic action[citation needed]. Historian John Mack Faragher has used the contemporary term, "ethnic cleansing," to describe the British actions. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1180x825, 426 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Acadian Acadia ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1180x825, 426 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Acadian Acadia ...
A map depicting the major changes in Western Europes borders as a result of the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt. ...
An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges his duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to his monarch or country. ...
This article is about the monarchy of the United Kingdom, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see...
“Catholic Church†redirects here. ...
For the Victorian cricketer of the same name, captain-manager of the famous 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England, see Charles Lawrence (cricketer) Charles Lawrence (December 14, 1709 – October 19, 1760) was a British military officer who, as lieutenant governor and subsequently governor of Nova Scotia, was responsible for overseeing...
The Great Upheaval (le Grand Dérangement), also known as the Great Expulsion, The Deportation or the Acadian Expulsion, was the forced population transfer of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia between 1755 and 1763, ordered by British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council. ...
 Deportation of the Acadians In what is known as the Great Expulsion (le Grand Dérangement), more than 14,000 Acadians (three-fourths of the Acadian population in Nova Scotia) were expelled, their homes burned and their lands confiscated. Families were split up, and the Acadians were dispersed throughout the British lands in North America; some were returned to France. Gradually, some managed to make their way to Louisiana, creating the Cajun population, while others returned to British North America, settling in coastal villages and in northern New Brunswick. Image File history File links Deportation_of_Acadians_order,_painting_by_Jefferys. ...
Image File history File links Deportation_of_Acadians_order,_painting_by_Jefferys. ...
The Great Upheaval (le Grand Dérangement), also known as the Great Expulsion or the Acadian Expulsion, is the eviction of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia between 1755 and 1763, ordered by governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council. ...
Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group mainly living in Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles and peoples of other ethnicities with whom the Acadians eventually intermarried on the semitropical frontier. ...
British North America consisted of the loyalist colonies and territories (i. ...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
In 2003, at the request of Acadian representatives, a proclamation was issued by the Government of Canada acknowledging the deportation and establishing July 28 as a day of commemoration each year, beginning in 2005. The name given in English on at least some calendars is "Great Upheaval." Queen Elizabeth the second was the first person who created the law and the taxes and judging to count the votes from the voters from all around Canada. ...
Geography
 Present-day Acadian communities The Acadians today predominantly inhabit the northern and eastern shores of New Brunswick, from Miscou Island (French: Île Miscou) Île Lamèque including Caraquet in the center, all the way to Neguac in the southern part and Grande-Anse in the eastern part. Other groups of Acadians can be found in the Magdalen Islands and throughout other parts of Quebec, in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia such as Chéticamp, Isle Madame, and Clare. Still others can be found in the southern and western regions of New Brunswick, Western Newfoundland and in New England. Many of these latter communities have faced varying degrees of assimilation. For many families in predominantly Anglophone communities, French language attrition has occurred, particularly in younger generations. The Acadians who settled in Louisiana after 1764, known as Cajuns, have had a dominant cultural influence in many parishes, particularly in the southwestern area of the state known as Acadiana.
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1180x824, 429 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Acadian Acadia ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1180x824, 429 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Acadian Acadia ...
Miscou Island (French: ÃŽle Miscou) is located in the Gulf of St. ...
Lamèque Island (French:Île de Lamèque) is situated on the north-east corner of New Brunswick, Canada. ...
The Magdalen Islands The Magdalen Islands (French, ÃŽles de la Madeleine) form a small archipelago in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with a land area of 205. ...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
Chéticamp, Nova Scotia is an Acadian fishing community on the Cabot Trail on the west coast of Cape Breton Island at the western entrance to Cape Breton Highlands National Park. ...
Isle Madame (45º3300N, 61º0257W) is a Canadian island located at off the southeastern corner of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. ...
Clare is a municipal district in western Nova Scotia, Canada at where St. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Language attrition is the loss of a first or second language or a portion of that language by either a community or an individual. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group consisting essentially of the descendants of Acadians who came from Nova Scotia to Louisiana as a result of their refusal to swear allegiance to the British Crown. ...
Parish Hall of St. ...
Map of Acadiana Region with the Cajun Heartland USA subregion highlighted in dark red. ...
Culture Today Acadians are a vibrant minority, particularly in New Brunswick and Louisiana (Cajuns). Since 1994, Le Congrès Mondial Acadien has united Acadians of the Maritimes, New England, and Louisiana. Cajuns are an ethnic group consisting essentially of the descendants of Acadians who came from Nova Scotia to Louisiana as a result of their refusal to swear allegiance to the British Crown. ...
The Acadian World Congress, or Le Congrès Mondial Acadien, is a festival of Acadian and Cajun culture and history, held every five years. ...
Notable Acadians in the Maritimes include singers Weldon Boudreau, Delores Boudreau, Angèle Arsenault and Edith Butler, singer Jean-François Breau, writer Antonine Maillet; singer/songwriter Julie Doiron; boxer Yvon Durelle; pitcher Rheal Cormier; former Governor General Roméo LeBlanc; former premier of Prince Edward Island Aubin-Edmond Arsenault, the first Acadian premier of any province and the first Acadian appointed to a provincial supreme court; Aubin-Edmond Arsenault's father, Joseph-Octave Arsenault, the first Acadian appointed to the Canadian Senate; and former New Brunswick premier Louis Robichaud, who was responsible for modernizing education and the government of New Brunswick in the mid-20th century. Angèle Arsenault on the cover of her 1994 album Transparente Angèle Arsenault O.C., BA, MA, D. (h. ...
Édith Butler O.C. (born Marie Nicole Butler 27 July 1942 in Paquetville, New Brunswick) is an Acadian singer-songwriter and folklorist. ...
The Hon. ...
Doiron on the cover of her Heart And Crime album. ...
Yvon Durelle, born October 14, 1929 in Baie-Ste-Anne, New Brunswick, Canada, was a British Empire champion boxer. ...
Rheal Paul Cormier (born April 23, 1967) is a Canadian of Acadian ancestry who is a pitcher in Major League Baseball. ...
The Governor General of Canada (French (feminine): Gouverneure générale du Canada or (masculine) Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian monarch, who is the head of state; Canada is one of sixteen Commonwealth realms, all of which share the...
Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc, PC, CC, CMM, ONB, CD (born December 18, 1927 in Memramcook, New Brunswick) is a former Governor General of Canada. ...
This article is about the Canadian province. ...
Aubin-Edmond Arsenault (1870–1968) was a Prince Edward Island politician. ...
The Honourable Joseph-Octave Arsenault (August 5, 1828 – December 14, 1897) was a Canadian politician who was the first Acadian from Prince Edward Island to be named to the Canadian Senate. ...
The Honourable Louis Joseph Robichaud, PC , CC , QC , BA , LL.D (October 21, 1925 - January 6, 2005), popularly known as Little Louis or Ti-Louis (due both for his short height and his sharing a name with Uncle Louis St. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...
August 15, the feast of the Assumption, was adopted as the national feast day of the Acadians at the First Acadian National Convention, held in Memramcook, New Brunswick in 1881. The national anthem of the Acadians is "Ave, maris stella". On that day, the Acadians celebrate by having the tintamarre which consists mainly of a big parade where people can dress up with the colours of Acadia and make a lot of noise. The Assumption has been a subject of Christian art for centuries. ...
View of the community of St. ...
Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Ave Maris Stella (Hail Star of the Sea) is a plainsong hymn to the Virgin Mary. ...
Flags The flag of the Acadians is the French tricolour with a golden star in the blue field, which symbolizes the Our Lady of the Assumption, patron saint of the Acadians and the "Star of the Sea". This flag was adopted in 1884 at the Second Acadian National Convention, held in Miscouche, Prince Edward Island. Flag of Acadia The flag of Acadia was adopted on August 15, 1884, at the Acadian National Convention Miscouche (Prince Edward Island) by the Acadian people of Canada. ...
French tricolour flag A tricolour is a flag or banner having three colours, usually in approximately equal size (horizontally or vertically) and lacking additional symbols. ...
The Assumption has been a subject of Christian art for centuries. ...
Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ...
Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Miscouche is a community in western Prince Edward Island, Canada, located 10 kilometres west of Summerside. ...
Acadians in the diaspora have adopted other symbols. The flag of Acadians in Louisiana, known as Cajuns, was designed by Thomas J. Arceneaux of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and adopted by the Louisiana legislature as the official emblem of the Acadiana region in 1974. A group of New England Acadians attending Le Congrès Mondial Acadien in Nova Scotia in 2004, endorsed a design for a New England Acadian flag by William Cork, and are advocating for its wider acceptance. Cajuns are an ethnic group consisting essentially of the descendants of Acadians who came from Nova Scotia to Louisiana as a result of their refusal to swear allegiance to the British Crown. ...
The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, or UL Lafayette,[1] is a coeducational public research university located in Lafayette, Louisiana, in the heart of Acadiana. ...
Map of Acadiana Region with the Cajun Heartland USA subregion highlighted in dark red. ...
The Acadian World Congress, or Le Congrès Mondial Acadien, is a festival of Acadian and Cajun culture and history, held every five years. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Acadiana. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Acadiana. ...
Map of Acadiana Region with the Cajun Heartland USA subregion highlighted in dark red. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_New_England_Acadians. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_New_England_Acadians. ...
This article is about the region in the United States of America. ...
Language Acadians speak a dialect of French called Acadian French. Many of those in the Moncton area speak Chiac and English. The Louisiana Cajun descendants mostly speak English but some still speak Cajun French. Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...
Chiac is an Acadian French vernacular mixed with English, spoken in the south-east Canada, especially among youth near Moncton, Memramcook and Shediac. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ...
Cajun French (sometimes called Louisiana Regional French [2]) is one of three varieties or dialects of the French language spoken primarily in the U.S. state of Louisiana, specifically in the southern parishes. ...
Tributes to The Expulsion In 1847, an epic poem by American writer Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, was loosely based on the events surrounding the 1755 deportation. The poem became an American classic, and also contributed to a rebirth of Acadian identity in both Maritime Canada and in Louisiana. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (996x1096, 708 KB) Summary statue dEvangéline - héroïne de la déportation acadienne - à Saint Martinville en Louisiane self made PRA Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Acadian St. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (996x1096, 708 KB) Summary statue dEvangéline - héroïne de la déportation acadienne - à Saint Martinville en Louisiane self made PRA Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Acadian St. ...
Statue of Evangeline - heroine of the Acadian deportation - Saint Martinville, Louisiana Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is a poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. ...
The city of St. ...
Dolores Del Rio Dolores del Río (August 3, 1905 - April 11, 1983) was a Mexican film actress. ...
Edwin Carewe Edwin Carewe (Jay Fox) (March 5, 1883 - January 22, 1940) was an American motion picture director, an actor, a Producer, and a Screenwriter. ...
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet whose works include Paul Reveres Ride, A Psalm of Life, The Song of Hiawatha and Evangeline. He also wrote the first American translation of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy and was one of the five members...
Statue of Evangeline - heroine of the Acadian deportation - Saint Martinville, Louisiana Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is a poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. ...
Robbie Robertson wrote a popular song based on the Acadian Expulsion titled Acadian Driftwood, which appeared on The Band's 1975 album, Northern Lights — Southern Cross. Robbie Robertson (born Jaime Robert Robertson, 5 July 1943, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) is a songwriter, guitarist and singer, best known for his membership in The Band. ...
For other uses, see Band. ...
Northern Lights - Southern Cross was the seventh album by Canadian-American rockers The Band, the first album to be recorded at their new California studio, Shangri-La, and the first album of all-new material since 1971s Cahoots. ...
Antonine Maillet's Pélagie-la-charette concerns the return voyage to Acadia of several deported families starting 15 years after the Great Expulsion. The Hon. ...
The Great Upheaval (le Grand Dérangement), also known as the Great Expulsion or the Acadian Expulsion, is the eviction of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia between 1755 and 1763, ordered by governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council. ...
Legend The American folklore hero, Paul Bunyan, is believed by some to have been influenced if not inspired by Acadian stories about lumberjacks. A folk hero is type of hero, real or mythological. ...
Paul and Babe in Bemidji, Minnesota Paul Bunyan is a mythical lumberjack in tall tales. ...
Lumberjacks in Oregon, c. ...
See also Flag History - Established 1604 - English conquest 1713 Acadia (1754) Acadia (in the French language lAcadie) was the name given to a colonial territory in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day New England, stretching as far south as Philadelphia. ...
This is a list of members of the Acadian people, and people of Acadian origins. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group consisting essentially of the descendants of Acadians who came from Nova Scotia to Louisiana as a result of their refusal to swear allegiance to the British Crown. ...
Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien Régime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty...
French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ...
References Sources - Dupont, Jean-Claude (1977). Héritage d'Acadie. Montreal: Éditions Leméac.
- Faragher, John Mack (2005). A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
- Frink, Tim (1999). New Brunswick, A Short History. Summerville, N.B.: Stonington Books.
Notes
1 Canadian census, ethnic data. Rather than go by self-identification, many would instead define an Acadian as a native French speaking person living in the Maritime provinces of Canada; which according to the same 2001 census, was 276,355 (236,665 in New Brunswick, 34,025 in Nova Scotia, and 5,665 in PEI). There is also the consideration that many French-Canadians in the Maritimes who are Acadian may have simiply listed 'French' as their ethnic origin instead; the numerous single responses for 'Canadian' also does not give an accurate figure for numerous groups. [1]
2 Le Grand Dérangement An exhibit by the Massachusetts State Archives in conjunction with the Commonwealth Museum, made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Massachusetts State Archives
Further reading - J. Chetro-Szivos "Talking Acadian: Work, Communication, and Culture, YBK 2006, New York ISBN 0-9764359-6-9.
- Dean Jobb, The Acadians: A People's Story of Exile and Triumph, John Wiley & Sons, 2005 (published in the United States as The Cajuns: A People's Story of Exile and Triumph)
- James Laxer, The Acadians: In Search of a Homeland, Doubleday Canada, October 2006 ISBN 0-385-66108-8.
- Naomi Griffiths, From Migrant to Acadian: a North American border people, 1604-1755, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.
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