? Acanthaceae
Flowers of Odontonema cuspidatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Acanthaceae Juss.
Type Genus
Acanthus L.
Genera
See text

The family Acanthaceae (or Acanthus family) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Lorence et al. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering... Classes Magnoliopsida- Dicots Liliopsida- Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families See text The Order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ... Portrait of Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French botanist. ... In scientific classification, a type is a specimen or description that corresponds to a taxon (a group of organisms), and helps to identify which organisms may be referred to with that name. ... Species See text Acanthus is both a common name and a genus of flowering plant in the Family Acanthaceae. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ... Young castor oil plant showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (cotyledons), that differ from the adult leaves An example of a trimerous and non-eudicot flower: Magnolia Dicotyledons or dicots are a group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Classes Magnoliopsida- Dicots Liliopsida- Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ...

Description

Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are spiny. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions, the four main centres of distribution are Indo-Malaya, Africa, Brasil and Central America. The representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, e.g. in dense or open forest, in thickets, on wet fields and valleys, at the sea coast and in marine areas, swamps and as an element of mangrove woods. The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... A herb (pronounced hurb in Commonwealth English and urb in American English) is a plant grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... Italic text For the usage in virology, see temperate (virology). ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ... Map of Central America Central America is a central region of the Americas. ... Look up habitat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Shaelah is the coolest person ever!!!!! ...

Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussate leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed or lobed) margins. The leaves may contain cystoliths, seen as streaks in the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, these arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. Typically there is a colorful bract subtending each flower; in some species the bract is large and showy. The calyx is usually 4-5 lobed; the corolla tubular, 2-lipped or 5-lobed; stamens either 2 or 4 arranged in pairs and inserted on the corolla; and the ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with axile placentation. The fruit is a two-celled capsule, dehiscing somewhat explosively. In most species, the seeds are attached to a small, hooked stalk (a modified funiculus called a jaculator) that ejects them from the capsule. Seeds non-endospermous with large embryos. In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ... Clivia miniata bears bright orange flowers. ... An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers on a branch of a plant. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... Stamens of the Amaryllis with prominent anthers carrying pollen Insects, while collecting pollen, accidentally transfer it from one flower to another, bringing about pollination The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ... Amaryllis style and stigmas A carpel is the female reproductive organ of a flower; the basic unit of the gynoecium. ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Catalonia. ... Flowers and fruit (capsules) of the ground orchid, Spathoglottis plicata. ... A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

A species well-known to temperate gardeners is Acanthus mollis or Bear's breeches, a herbaceous perennial plant with big leaves and flower spikes up to 2 m tall. Tropical genera familiar to gardeners include Thunbergia and Justicia. Species See text Acanthus is both a common name and a genus of flowering plant in the Family Acanthaceae. ... Species Thunbergia alata Thunbergia coccinea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thunbergia gregorii Thunbergia laurifolia Thunbergia mysorensis Thunbergia is a genus of flowering plants in the Family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ...

Avicennia, usually placed in Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, is included in Acanthaceae by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of molecular phylogenies that show it to be associated with this family. Species See text Avicennia is a genus of mangrove tree. ... Genera About 90, including: Aloysia Amasonia Avicennia Callicarpa Caryopteris Citharexylum Clerodendrum Coleonema Congea Cornutia Crowea Diostea Duranta Garrettia Gmelina Holmskioldiana Hymenopyramis Lantana Lippia Nashia Oxera Petrea Phyla Premna Rhaphithamnus Schnabelia Sphenodesme Stachytarpheta Symphorema Tectona Thamnosma Tsoongia Verbena Vitex The Verbenaceae or Verbena family has been considered to be closely related... The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group is an international group of systematic botanists who have come together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants in the light of the rapid rise of molecular systematics. ...

Species

There are 246 accepted genera according to Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

• Acanthopale C. B. Clarke :
• Acanthopsis Harv.
• Acanthostelma Bidgood & Brummitt
• Acanthura Lindau
• Acanthus L. : Bear's Breech
• Achyrocalyx Benoist
• Adhatoda Mill. (Sometimes included in Justicia L. )
• Afrofittonia Lindau
• Ambongia Benoist
• Ancistranthus Lindau : Desert Honeysuckle
• Ancistrostylis T. Yamaz.
• Andrographis Wall. ex Nees : False Waterwillow
• Angkalanthus Balf. f.
• Anisacanthus Nees
• Anisosepalum E. Hossain
• Anisostachya Nees (Sometimes included in Justicia L. )
• Anisotes Nees
• Anomacanthus R. D. Good
• Apassalus Kobuski
• Aphanosperma T. F. Daniel
• Aphelandra R. Br.
• Aphelandrella Mildbr.
• Ascotheca Heine
• Asystasia Blume
• Asystasiella Lindau
• Ballochia Balf. f.
• Barleria L. : Philippine Violet
• Barleriola Oerst.
• Benoicanthus Heine & A. Raynal
• Blechum P. Browne
• Blepharis Juss.
• Borneacanthus Bremek.
• Boutonia DC.
• Brachystephanus Nees
• Bravaisia DC.
• Brillantaisia P. Beauv.
• Calacanthus T. Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f.
• Calophanoides (C. B. Clarke) Ridl. (Sometimes included in Justicia L. )
• Calycacanthus K. Schum.
• Camarotea Scott-Elliot
• Carlowrightia A. Gray : Wrightwort
• Celerina Benoist
• Cephalacanthus Lindau
• Chaetacanthus Nees
• Chalarothyrsus Lindau
• Chamaeranthemum Nees
• Championella Bremek.
• Chileranthemum Oerst.
• Chlamydacanthus Lindau (Sometimes included in Theileamea Baill.)
• Chlamydocardia Lindau
• Chlamydostachya Mildbr.
• Chroesthes Benoist
• Clinacanthus Nees
• Clistax Mart.
• Codonacanthus Nees
• Conocalyx Benoist
• Corymbostachys Lindau
• Cosmianthemum Bremek.
• Crabbea Harv.
• Crossandra Salisb.
• Crossandrella C. B. Clarke
• Cyclacanthus S. Moore
• Cylindrosolenium Lindau
• Cyphacanthus Leonard
• Dactylostegium Nees (Sometimes included in Dicliptera Juss.)
• Danguya Benoist
• Dasytropis Urb.
• Dichazothece Lindau
• Dicladanthera F. Muell.
• Dicliptera Juss. : Foldwing
• Didyplosandra Wight ex Bremek.
• Dipteracanthus Nees (Sometimes included in Ruellia L.)
• Dischistocalyx T. Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f.
• Dolichostachys Benoist
• Drejera Nees
• Drejerella Lindau (Sometimes included in Justicia L.)
• Duosperma Dayton
• Dyschoriste Nees : Snakeherb
• Ecbolium Kurz
• Echinacanthus Nees
• Elytraria Michx. : Scalystem
• Encephalosphaera Lindau
• Epiclastopelma Lindau
• Eranthemum L.
• Eremomastax Lindau
• Eusiphon Benoist
• Filetia Miq.
• Fittonia Coem.
• Forcipella Baill.
• Forsythiopsis Baker (Sometimes included in Oplonia Raf.)
• Geissomeria Lindl.
• Glossochilus Nees
• Golaea Chiov.
• Graphandra J. B. Imlay
• Graptophyllum Nees
• Gymnophragma Lindau
• Gymnostachyum Nees
• Gynocraterium Bremek.
• Gypsacanthus E. J. Lott et al.
• Haplanthodes Kuntze
• Harpochilus Nees
• Hemiadelphis Nees
• Hemigraphis Nees (Sometimes included in Strobilanthes Blume)
• Henrya Nees
• Herpetacanthus Nees
• Heteradelphia Lindau
• Holographis Nees
• Hoverdenia Nees
• Hulemacanthus S. Moore
• Hygrophila R. Br. : Swampweed
• Hypoestes Sol. ex R. Br.
• Ionacanthus Benoist
• Isoglossa Oerst.
• Isotheca Turrill
• Jadunia Lindau
• Juruasia Lindau
• Justicia L. : Justica, Water-willow
• Kalbreyeriella Lindau
• Kosmosiphon Lindau
• Kudoacanthus Hosok.
• Lankesteria Lindl.
• Lasiocladus Bojer ex Nees
• Leandriella Benoist
• Lepidagathis Willd.
• Leptostachya Nees
• Liberatia Rizzini (Sometimes included in Lophostachys Pohl)
• Linariantha B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm.
• Lophostachys Pohl
• Louteridium S. Watson
• Lychniothyrsus Lindau
• Marcania J. B. Imlay
• Megalochlamys Lindau
• Megalostoma Leonard
• Megaskepasma Lindau
• Melittacanthus S. Moore
• Mellera S. Moore
• Mendoncia Vand.
• Metarungia Baden
• Mexacanthus T. F. Daniel
• Meyenia Nees
• Mimulopsis Schweinf.
• Mirandea Rzed.
• Monechma Hochst. (Sometimes included in Justicia L.)
• Monothecium Hochst.
• Morsacanthus Rizzini
• Nelsonia R. Br.
• Neohallia Hemsl.
• Neriacanthus Benth.
• Neuracanthus Nees
• Odontonema Nees : Toothedthread
• Ophiorrhiziphyllon Kurz
• Oplonia Raf.
• Oreacanthus Benth.
• Orophochilus Lindau
• Pachystachys Nees
• Pelecostemon Leonard
• Pentstemonacanthus Nees
• Perenideboles Ram. Goyena
• Pericalypta Benoist
• Periestes Baill.
• Peristrophe Nees
• Petalidium Nees
• Phaulopsis Willd.
• Phialacanthus Benth.
• Phidiasia Urb.
• Phlogacanthus Nees
• Physacanthus Benth.
• Podorungia Baill.
• Poikilacanthus Lindau
• Polylychnis Bremek.
• Populina Baill.
• Pranceacanthus Wassh.
• Pseuderanthemum Radlk.
• Pseudocalyx Radlk.
• Pseudodicliptera Benoist
• Pseudoruellia Benoist
• Psilanthele Lindau
• Ptyssiglottis T. Anderson
• Pulchranthus V. M. Baum et al.
• Pupilla Rizzini (Sometimes included in Justicia L.)
• Razisea Oerst.
• Rhinacanthus Nees
• Rhombochlamys Lindau
• Ritonia Benoist
• Rostellularia Rchb. (Sometimes included in Justicia L.)
• Ruellia L. : Wild Petunia
• Ruelliopsis C. B. Clarke
• Rungia Nees
• Ruspolia Lindau
• Ruttya Harv.
• Saintpauliopsis Staner (Sometimes included in Staurogyne Wall.
• Salpinctium T. J. Edwards
• Salpixantha Hook.
• Samuelssonia Urb. & Ekman
• Sanchezia Ruiz & Pav.
• Santapaua N. P. Balakr. & Subr. (Sometimes included in Hygrophila R. Br.)
• Sapphoa Urb.
• Satanocrater Schweinf.
• Sautiera Decne.
• Schaueria Nees
• Schwabea Endl. & Fenzl
• Sclerochiton Harv.
• Sebastiano-schaueria Nees
• Sericospora Nees
• Siphonoglossa Oerst. : Tubetongue
• Spathacanthus Baill.
• Sphacanthus Benoist
• Sphinctacanthus Benth.
• Spirostigma Nees
• Standleyacanthus Leonard
• Staurogyne Wall.
• Steirosanchezia Lindau
• Stenandriopsis S. Moore
• Stenandrium Nees : Shaggytuft
• Stenostephanus Nees
• Streblacanthus Kuntze
• Streptosiphon Mildbr.
• Strobilanthes Blume
• Strobilanthopsis S. Moore
• Styasasia S. Moore
• Suessenguthia Merxm.
• Synchoriste Baill.
• Taeniandra Bremek.
• Tarphochlamys Bremek.
• Teliostachya Nees
• Tessmanniacanthus Mildbr.
• Tetramerium Nees
• Theileamea Baill.
• Thomandersia Baill.
• Thunbergia Retz.
• Thysanostigma J. B. Imlay
• Tremacanthus S. Moore
• Triaenanthus Nees
• Trichanthera Kunth
• Trichaulax Vollesen
• Trichocalyx Balf. f.
• Trichosanchezia Mildbr.
• Ulleria Bremek. (Sometimes included in Ruellia L.)
• Vavara Benoist
• Vindasia Benoist
• Warpuria Stapf
• Whitfieldia Hook.
• Xantheranthemum Lindau
• Xerothamnella C. T. White
• Yeatesia Small : Bractspike
• Zygoruellia Baill.

Species See text Acanthus is both a common name and a genus of flowering plant in the Family Acanthaceae. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species See text Aphelandra is a genus of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. ... Binomial name Cordemoya integrifolia Baill. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Celerina/Schlarigna is a municipality in the Upper Engadin valley, in the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species See text. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species Weberbauerocereus albusWeberbauerocereus fascicularisWeberbauerocereus seyboldianusWeberbauerocereus weberbauerietc. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species Justicia brandegeana and others Justicia is a genus of plants in the Acanthaceae family. ... Species See text. ... Species Thunbergia alata Thunbergia coccinea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thunbergia gregorii Thunbergia laurifolia Thunbergia mysorensis Thunbergia is a genus of flowering plants in the Family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. ...

Gallery

Leaf of the Acanthaceae "Nerve Plant", Fittonia verschaffeltii Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x971, 426 KB) Summary Leaf of a variety of Acanthaceae, also known as Nerve Plant, Fittonia verschaffeltii. ...

Chinese Violet (Asystasia gangetica) Image File history File links Starr_011104_0065_asystasia_gangetica. ...

Justicia aurea Image File history File links Starr_021122_0083_justicia_aurea. ...

Peristrophe speciosa Image File history File links Peristrophe_speciosa1. ...

References

• Schwarzbach, Andrea E. and McDade, Lucinda A. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships of the mangrove family Avicenniaceae based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Systematic Botany 27: 84-98. (abstract here).

External links

• Acanthaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com