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Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. | | Physical cosmology | |
| | Key topics | Universe · Big Bang
Age of the universe
Timeline of the Big Bang
Ultimate fate of the universe | | Early universe | Inflation · Nucleosynthesis
GWB · Neutrino Background
Cosmic microwave background | | Expanding universe | Redshift · Hubble's law
Metric expansion of space
Friedmann equations
FLRW metric | | Structure formation | Shape of the universe
Structure formation
Galaxy formation
Large-scale structure | | Components | Lambda-CDM model
Dark energy · Dark matter | | History | | Timeline of cosmology... | | Cosmology experiments | Observational cosmology
2dF · SDSS
CoBE · BOOMERanG · WMAP | | Scientists | | Einstein · Hawking . Friedman · Lemaître · Hubble · Penzias · Wilson · Gamow · Dicke · Zel'dovich · Mather · Smoot · others Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
This article is about the physics subject. ...
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For other uses, see Universe (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Big Bang (disambiguation). ...
The age of the universe, in Big Bang cosmology, refers to the time elapsed between the Big Bang and the present day. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
In cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (or primordial nucleosynthesis) refers to the production of nuclei other than H-1, the normal, light hydrogen, during the early phases of the universe, shortly after the Big Bang. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) is the background particle radiation composed of neutrinos. ...
“CMB†redirects here. ...
Redshift of spectral lines in the optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (right), as compared with that of the Sun (left). ...
Hubbles law is the statement in physical cosmology that the redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance. ...
The metric expansion of space is a key part of sciences current understanding of the universe, whereby space itself is described by a metric which changes over time. ...
The Friedmann equations relate various cosmological parameters within the context of general relativity. ...
// The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity and which describes a homogeneous, isotropic expanding/contracting universe. ...
The shape of the Universe is an informal name for a subject of investigation within physical cosmology. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Large-scale structure of the cosmos. ...
In astrophysics, the questions of galaxy formation and evolution are: How, from a homogeneous universe, did we obtain the very heterogeneous one we live in? How did galaxies form? How do galaxies change over time? A spectacular head-on collision between two galaxies is seen in this NASA Hubble Space...
Astronomy and cosmology examine the universe to understand the large-scale structure of the cosmos. ...
A pie chart indicating the proportional composition of different energy-density components of the universe. ...
In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe. ...
For other uses, see Dark matter (disambiguation). ...
This lists a timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries. ...
Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors. ...
In astronomy, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Gurvey), or 2dFGRS is a redshift survey conducted by the Anglo-Australian Observatory in the 1990s. ...
SDSS Logo The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-filter imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2. ...
The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was the first satellite built dedicated to cosmology. ...
The Telescope being readied for launch The BOOMERanG experiment (Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics) measured the cosmic microwave background radiation of a part of the sky during three sub-orbital (high altitude) balloon flights. ...
Artist depiction of the WMAP satellite at the L2 point The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) is a NASA satellite whose mission is to survey the sky to measure the temperature of the radiant heat left over from the Big Bang. ...
“Einstein†redirects here. ...
Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. ...
Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman or Friedmann (ÐлекÑандр ÐлекÑандрович Фридман) (June 16, 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian cosmologist and mathematician. ...
Monsignor Georges Lemaître, priest and scientist. ...
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. ...
Arno Allan Penzias (born April 26, 1933) is an American physicist and winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics. ...
Robert Woodrow Wilson Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American physicist. ...
George Gamow (pronounced GAM-off) (March 4, 1904 – August 19, 1968) , born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Георгий Ðнтонович Гамов) was a Ukrainian born physicist and cosmologist. ...
Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American experimental physicist, who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. ...
Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (Russian:Яков БориÑович Зельдович) (March 8, 1914 – December 2, 1987) was a prolific Soviet physicist. ...
John Cromwell Mather (b. ...
George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics with John C. Mather for their discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. This work helped cement the big-bang theory of...
| | This box: view • talk • edit | The accelerating universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an accelerated rate. In 1998 observations of Type Ia supernovae suggested that the expansion of the universe is speeding up . In the past few years, these observations have been corroborated by several independent sources: the cosmic microwave background[citation needed], gravitational lensing[citation needed], age of the universe[citation needed] and large scale structure[citation needed], as well as improved measurements of the supernovae[1][2]. Remnant of Keplers Supernova, SN 1604. ...
For other uses, see Universe (disambiguation). ...
WMAP image of the CMB anisotropy,Cosmic microwave background radiation(June 2003) The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is a form of electromagnetic radiation that fills the whole of the universe. ...
A gravitational lens is formed when the light from a very distant, bright source (such as a quasar) is bent around a massive object (such as a massive galaxy) between the source object and the observer. ...
The age of the universe, in Big Bang cosmology, refers to the time elapsed between the Big Bang and the present day. ...
Astronomy and cosmology examine the universe to understand the large-scale structure of the cosmos. ...
For other uses, see Supernova (disambiguation). ...
An expanding universe means that density drops. If acceleration continues eventually all galaxies beyond our own local supercluster will redshift so far that it will become hard to detect them, the distant universe will turn dark. The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the supercluster of galaxies that contains the Local Group and with it our galaxy, the Milky Way. ...
Redshift of spectral lines in the optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (right), as compared with that of the Sun (left). ...
Models attempting to explain accelerating expansion include the cosmological constant, quintessence, and phantom energy, with the latest WMAP data favoring the cosmological constant. The most important property of dark energy is that it has negative pressure which is distributed relatively homogeneously in space. In physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. ...
In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy postulated as an explanation of observations of an accelerating universe. ...
Artist depiction of the WMAP satellite at the L2 point The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) is a NASA satellite whose mission is to survey the sky to measure the temperature of the radiant heat left over from the Big Bang. ...
In physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. ...
This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. ...
Look up homogeneity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Phantom energy in a scenario known as the Big Rip causes an exponentially increasing divergent expansion, which overcomes the gravitation of the local group and tears apart our Virgo supercluster, it then tears apart the milky way galaxy, our solar system, and finally even atoms. Measurements of acceleration are thought crucial to determining the ultimate fate of the universe, however we should expect the implications of such a major discovery to develop slowly over many years in the same way the big bang model has continued to develop. Phantom energy is a hypothetical form of dark energy with equation of state . ...
The Big Rip is a cosmological hypothesis about the Ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, are progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future. ...
The Virgo Supercluster The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the galactic supercluster that contains the Local Group, the latter which, in its turn, contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The density of dark matter in an expanding universe disappears more quickly than dark energy (see Equation of State (Cosmology)) and, eventually, the dark energy dominates. Specifically, when the volume of the universe doubles, the density of dark matter is halved but the density of dark energy is nearly unchanged (it is exactly constant for a cosmological constant). For other uses, see Dark matter (disambiguation). ...
In physical cosmology, dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and tends to increase the rate of expansion of the universe. ...
In cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number w, equal to the ratio of its pressure p to its energy density ρ: . It is closely related to the thermodynamic equation of state and ideal gas law. ...
In physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. ...
See also The High-z Supernova Search Team is an international cosmology group which uses Type Ia Supernovae to chart the expansion of the universe. ...
The Supernova Cosmology Project is one of two research teams that determined the likelihood of an accelerating universe and therefore a positive Cosmological constant. ...
Saul Perlmutter receiving the Shaw Prize for astronomy in 2006. ...
Brian Schmidt receiving the Shaw Prize for astronomy in 2006. ...
References - ^ B. Leibundgut, J. Sollerman (2001). "A cosmological surprise: the universe accelerates". Europhysics News 32 (4). Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
- ^ "Confirmation of the accelerated expansion of the Universe", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, September 19, 2003. Retrieved on 2006-11-03.
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