Acer saccharum
Morton Arboretum acc. 258-78-1
Conservation status
Secure (TNC)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Sapindales Family: Sapindaceae Genus: Acer Species: A. saccharum
Binomial name
Acer saccharum Marshall

Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) is a species of maple native to the hardwood forests of northeastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Ontario, and south to Georgia and Texas.^[1] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1932 × 2576 pixel, file size: 1. ... The main entrance to the arboretum. ... The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The NatureServe conservation status system was developed by NatureServe, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Natural Heritage Network as a ranking of the relative imperilment of species on global, national and/or regional levels. ... Scientific classification redirects here. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Orders See text. ... Families See text Sapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. ... genera See text Sapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of plants in the order Sapindales. ... For other uses, see Maple (disambiguation). ... Latin name redirects here. ... Humphry Marshall ( October 10, 1722 - November 5, 1801 ) was an American botanist and plant dealer. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1749x1740, 62 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sugar Maple ... For other uses, see Maple (disambiguation). ... North American redirects here. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 11 Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... This article is about the Canadian province. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ...

Autumn Color Change

It is a deciduous tree normally reaching heights of 25–35 m tall,^[2][3] and exceptionally up to 45 m (150 feet).^[4] The leaves are deciduous, 8-15 cm long and equally wide with five palmate lobes. The basal lobes are relatively small, while the upper lobes are larger and deeply notched. In contrast with the angular notching of the Silver Maple, however, the notches tend to be rounded at their interior. The fall color is often spectacular, ranging from bright yellow through orange to fluorescent red-orange. Sugar maples also have a tendency to color unevenly in fall. In some trees, all colors above can be seen at the same time. There is also a tendency, as there is also with Red Maples (A. rubrum) to see a certain part of a mature tree change color weeks ahead of or behind the remainder of the tree. The leaf buds are pointy and brown colored. The recent years growth twigs are green, and turn dark brown. For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Deciduous (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Acer saccharinum L. The Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) is a species of maple native to the eastern United States and adjacent parts of southeast Canada. ...

The flowers are in corymbs of 5-10 together, yellow-green and without petals; flowering occurs in early spring after 30-55 growing degree days. The fruit is a double samara with two winged seeds, the seeds are globose, 7-10 mm diameter, the wing 2-3 cm long. The seeds fall from the tree in autumn. For other uses, see Flower (disambiguation). ... White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structure A panicle is a compound raceme; a branched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in another words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes). ... Growing degree days (GDD) are a heuristic tool in phenology. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Maple samara or key A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

It is closely related to the Black Maple, which is sometimes included in this species but sometimes separated as Acer nigrum. The western American Bigtooth Maple (Acer grandidentatum) is also treated as a variety or subspecies of Sugar Maple by some botanists. Binomial name Acer nigrum The Black Maple is a hardwood tree closely related to the Sugar Maple. ... Binomial name Acer grandidentatum Nutt. ...

The Sugar Maple is also often confused with the Norway Maple, though they are not closely related within the genus. The Sugar Maple is most easily identified by clear sap in the leaf petiole (the Norway Maple has white sap), brown sharp-tipped buds (the Norway Maple has blunt green or reddish purple buds), and shaggy bark on older trees (the Norway Maple bark has small grooves). Also, the leaf lobes of the Sugar Maple have a more triangular shape, in contrast to the squarish lobes of the Norway Maple. Binomial name Acer platanoides L. The Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) is a maple native to eastern and central Europe and southwest Asia, from France east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran. ... Leaf of Dog Rose (Rosa canina), showing the petiole and two leafy stipules In botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem. ...

Ecology

The Sugar Maple is an immensely important species to the ecology of many forests in North America. Pure stands are common, and it is a major component of many forest types. It often forms associations with the American Beech, forming the beech-maple forest type, common in northern areas. Other associations include Sugar Maple-Yellow Birch (which is most important beyond the northern limit of beech), Sugar Maple-American Basswood, Sugar Maple-White Ash and Sugar Maple-Ironwood-Red Oak. Sugar Maples engage in hydraulic lift, drawing water from lower soil layers and exuding that water into upper, drier soil layers. This not only benefits the tree itself but also many other plants growing around it.^[5] Binomial name Fagus grandifolia Ehrenb. ... Binomial name Betula alleghaniensis Britt. ... Binomial name L. Tilia americana is a species of Tilia, native to eastern North America, from southeast Manitoba east to New Brunswick, southwest to northeast Texas, and southeast to South Carolina, and west along the Niobrara River to Cherry County, Nebraska. ... Binomial name Fraxinus americana L. The White Ash (Fraxinus americana) is one of the largest of the ash genus Fraxinus, growing to 35 m tall. ... // Genus Quercus Section Quercus The white oaks (synonym sect. ...

Sugar Maple is among the most shade tolerant of large deciduous trees. Among North American maples its shade tolerance is exceeded only by the Striped Maple, a smaller tree. Like other maples, its shade tolerance is manifested in its ability to germinate and persist under a closed canopy as an understory plant, and respond with rapid growth to the increased light formed by a gap in the canopy. The sugar maple can grow comfortably in any type of soil, except sand. Shade tolerance is an ecological concept that refers to plants abilities to tolerate low light levels. ... Binomial name Acer pensylvanicum L. The Striped Maple or Moosewood (Acer pensylvanicum) is a small tree of northern forests in eastern North America from southern Ontario east to New Brunswick and south to eastern Illinois and New Jersey, and also at high elevations in the Appalachian Mountains much farther south...

Human influences have contributed to the decline of the Sugar Maple in many regions. Its role as a species of mature forests has led it to be replaced by more opportunistic species in areas where forests are cut over. The Sugar maple also exhibits a greater susceptibility to pollution than other species of maple. Acid rain and soil acidification are some of the primary contributing factors to maple decline. Also, the increased use of salt over the last several decades on streets and roads has decimated the sugar maple's role as a "street-front" tree. The term acid rain is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic components in rain, snow, fog, dew, or dry particles. ... Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, also called protons, in the soil. ... Maple decline describes the loss of vigor and dieback in forests or urban plantings of maple trees. ...

In some parts of eastern North America particularly near urbanized areas, the Sugar Maple is being displaced by the Norway Maple. The Norway Maple is also highly shade tolerant, but is considerably more tolerant of urban conditions resulting in the Sugar Maple's replacement in those areas heavily disturbed by human activities. Binomial name L. The Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) is a maple native to eastern and central Europe and southwest Asia, from France east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran[1] [2]. Norway Maple seeds It is a deciduous tree to 20-30 m tall with...

Conservation

The sugar maple is widespread, and is considered secure, except at the edges of its range. However, the sugar maple territory is diminishing because of warming average temperatures. Maple sugar production depends on prolonged cold temperatures with freezing nights and warm daytime temperatures to create the optimal sugar content and sap production, the maple sugar industry long associated with New England has already felt some impact. Over the last two decades, the center of maple sugar production has shifted from the United States into Canada.^[6]

Cultivation and uses

The Sugar Maple is one of the most important Canadian trees, being (with Black Maple) the major source of sap for making maple syrup; Sugar Maple being regarded as slightly better. Many maples can be used as a sap source for maple syrup, but none of the others are as good as these two. This list includes many of the common large shrubs of Canada, as well as the trees. ... Binomial name Acer nigrum The Black Maple is a hardwood tree closely related to the Sugar Maple. ... Bottled maple syrup produced in Quebec. ...

The wood is one of the hardest and densest of the maples, and is prized for furniture and flooring. Bowling alleys and bowling pins are both commonly manufactured from sugar maple. Trees with wavy wood grain, which can occur in curly, quilted and "birdseye maple" form, are especially valued. Maple is also the wood used for basketball courts, including the floors used by the NBA, and it is a popular wood for baseball bats, along with white ash. For other uses, see Wood (disambiguation). ... the sport of cricket|Bowling (cricket)}} For other uses, see Bowling (disambiguation). ... Cutting Board made of Birdseye Maple Birdseye maple has a distinctive pattern that looks like tiny, swirling eyes disrupting the smooth lines of grain. ... Binomial name Fraxinus americana L. The White Ash (Fraxinus americana) is one of the largest of the ash genus Fraxinus, growing to 35 m tall. ...

The Sugar Maple is a favorite street and garden tree, because it is easy to propagate and transplant, is fairly fast-growing, and has beautiful fall color. The shade and the shallow, fibrous roots may interfere with grass growing under the trees. Deep well-drained loam is the best rooting medium, although Sugar Maple can grow well on sandy soil which does not become excessively dry. Light (or loose) clay soils are also well known to support Sugar Maple. Poorly drained areas are unsuitable and the species is especially short-lived on flood-prone clay flats. Its salt tolerance is low and it is very sensitive to boron. For other uses, see Root (disambiguation). ... Loam field Loam is soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). ... For other uses, see Boron (disambiguation). ...

Cultivars

• 'Apollo' - columnar.
• 'Arrowhead' - pyramidal crown.
• 'Astis' (Steeple) - heat-tolerant; good in southeastern USA. Oval crown.
• 'Bonfire' - fast-growing.
• 'Caddo' - naturally occurring southern ecotype. Great drought and heat tolerance, good choice for the Great Plains region.
• 'Columnare' ('Newton Sentry') - very narrow.
• 'Fall Fiesta' - tough-leaved, colorful in season, hardy.
• 'Goldspire' - columnar with yellow-orange fall color
• 'Green Mountain' (PNI 0285) - durable foliage resists heat and drought; oval crown.
• 'Legacy' - tough, vigorous and popular.
• 'Monumentale' - columnar.
• 'Sweet Shadow' - lacy foliage.
• 'Temple's Upright' - almost as narrow as 'Columnare.'
• 'Unity' - very hardy Manitoba cultivar.

Sugar Maple is the State Tree of New York, Vermont, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... This List of U.S. state trees includes official trees of the following states and U.S. possessions: See also Lists of U.S. state insignia National Grove of State Trees External link USDA list of state trees and flowers Categories: | | ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym West Virginian Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st in the US  - Total 24,230 sq mi (62,755 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Gallery

Sugar Maple Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2448x3000, 4494 KB) Species identification performed by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. ...

Sugar maple trunk Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (3264x2448, 3822 KB) Species identification performed by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. ...

References

• Horton, J. L., & Hart, S.C. (1998). Hydraulic lift: a potentially important ecosystem process. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13 (6): 232-235.
• Canham, C. D. (1989). Different Respones to Gaps Among Shade-Tolerant Tree Species. Ecology 70 (3): 548-550.
• Brisson, J., Bergeron, Y., Bouchard, A., & Leduc, A. (1994). Beech-maple dynamics in an old-growth forest in southern Quebec, Canada. Ecoscience (Sainte-Foy) 1 (1): 40-46.
• Duchesne, L., Ouimet, R., & Houle, D. (2002). Basal Area Growth of Sugar Maple in Relation to Acid Deposition, Stand Health, and Soil Nutrients. Journal of Environmental Quality 31: 1676-1683.

Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• UI Plants: Woody Ornamentals (sugar maple)
• USDA Plants Profile: Acer saccharum
• Acer saccharum in Godman, Yawney and Tubbs. US Forest Service Silvics Manual
• Acer saccharum at Ohio State Horticulture & Crop Sciences
• Acer saccharum images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
• a blogger's how-to article on backyard sugaring and winter ID of A. saccharum

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Acer saccharum