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This article is about Achaemenes, legendary founder of the first Persian dynasty. For other uses of the name, see Achaemenes (disambiguation).

Achaemenēs (Old Persian: 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁^[1] Haxāmaniš^[2] "Friendly in Nature"^{[citation needed]}, Hellenised as Ἀχαιμένης, English /ə'kɛməni:z/) was the eponymous ancestor of the Achaemenid Dynasty, which ruled Persia between 705 BC and 330 BC. As an eponymous ancestor of the clan, Achaemenes is very often held to be legendary. Persian royal inscriptions such as the Behistun Inscription place him five generations before Darius the Great; therefore, if Achaemenes was real, he would have lived around 700 BC. Although inscriptions label him as a "king,"^[3] the leaders of the Persians at that time were in reality tribal chieftains. See Aryan Language or Old Persian For more information visit: *[Ancient Iranian Languages & Literature The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS) ... Greek ( IPA: or simply IPA: — Hellenic) has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single natural language in the Indo-European language family. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Founder of empires: Cyrus, The Great is still revered in modern Iran as he was in all the successor Persian Empires. ... Persia redirects here. ... The Behistun Inscription, carved into a cliffside, gives the same text in three languages, telling the story of King Darius conquests, with the names of twenty-three provinces subject to him. ... Darius I the Great (c. ... Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC - 700s BC - 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC Events and Trends 708 BC - Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy. ...

Due to the lack of historical sources on Achaemenes, there is no way to know anything about him for certain; there is even reason to doubt his existence. Darius the Great rose to the position of Shah (king) in 522 BC by killing Bardiya, son of the Persian conqueror Cyrus the Great. Darius was able to claim legitimacy by pointing to his descent from Achaemenes. Consequently, Darius had much to gain by pointing to an ancestor shared by Cyrus and himself. It is sometimes contended then that Achaemenes is an invention of Darius.^{[citation needed]} Shah or Shahzad is a Persian term for a monarch (ruler) that has been adopted in many other languages. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC Events 529 BC - Cambyses II succeeds his father Cyrus as ruler of Persia. ... Smerdis (also Bardia) was the son of Cyrus the Great whose name was allegedly usurped by an impostor, a magian reportedly named Gaumata. ... “Cyrus” redirects here. ...

In any case, the Persian royal dynasty from Darius onward revered Achaemenes and credited him as the founder of their dynasty. Very little, however, was remembered about his life or actions. Assuming he existed, Achaemenes was most likely a 7th century BC warrior-chieftain who led the Persians, or a tribe of Persians, as a vassal of the Median Empire.^{[citation needed]} An Assyrian inscription from the time of King Sennacherib mentions that the Assyrian king repelled a raid by the Parsu, who may have been led by Achaemenes. (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 7th century BC started on January 1, 700 BC and ended on December 31, 601 BC. // Overview Events Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria who created the the first systematically collected library at Nineveh A 16th century depiction of the Hanging Gardens of... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. ... Sennacherib during his Babylonian war, relief from his palace in Nineveh Sennacherib (in Akkadian Śïn-ahhe-eriba (The moon god) Śïn has Replaced (Lost) Brothers for Me) was the son of Sargon II, whom he succeeded on the throne of Assyria (705 BC–681 BC). ...

Ancient Greek writers provide some legendary information about Achaemenes: they call his tribe the Pasargadae, and say that he was "raised by an eagle". Plato, when writing about the Persians, identified Achaemenes with Perses, ancestor of the Persians in Greek mythology. According to Plato, Achaemenes/Perses was the son of the Ethiopian queen Andromeda and the Greek hero Perseus, and a grandson of Zeus. Later writers believed that Achaemenes and Perses were different people, and that Perses was an ancestor of the king. The term ancient Greece refers to the periods of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting ca. ... Genera Several, see text. ... For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation). ... The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ... Andromeda Chained to the Rock by the Nereids (1840) Théodore Chassériau, Louvre Andromeda was a woman from Greek mythology who was chained to a rock to be a sacrifice to a sea monster as divine punishment for her mothers bragging. ... Perseus with the head of Medusa, by Antonio Canova, completed 1801 (Vatican Museums) Perseus, Perseos, or Perseas (Greek: Περσεύς, Περσέως, Περσέας), the legendary founder of Mycenae and of the Perseid dynasty there, was the first of the mythic heroes of Greek mythology whose exploits in defeating various archaic monsters provided the founding myths... For other uses, see Zeus (disambiguation). ...

Persian and Greek sources state that Achaemenes was succeeded by his son Teispes, who would lead the Persians to conquer and settle in the Elamite city of Anshan in southern Iran. Teispes' great-grandson Cyrus conquered the Medes and established the Persian Empire. Teispes is referred to as a son of Achaemenes in the Old Persian texts at Behistun.^[4] Teispes (675-640 BC) was the son of Achaemenes and a King of Persia. ... Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken in the ancient Elamite Empire. ... <math>Insert formula here</math>Link titleItalic textItalic textItalic textItalic textBold textBold text:For the Chinese city, see Anshan Anšan or Anzan (Persian انشان Anšan, modern Tepe Malyan, Tal-e Malyan 29. ... The Behistun Inscription, carved into a cliffside, gives the same text in three languages, telling the story of King Darius conquests. ...

References

1. ^ Akbarzadeh, D.; A. Yahyanezhad (2006). The Behistun Inscriptions (Old Persian Texts) (in Persian). Khaneye-Farhikhtagan-e Honarhaye Sonati, 56. ISBN 964-8499-05-5. 
2. ^ Kent, Ronald Grubb (1384 AP). Old Persian: Grammar, Text, Glossary, translated into Persian by S. Oryan (in Persian), page 394. ISBN 964-421-045-X. 
3. ^ Behistun Inscribtion, 4
4. ^ DB, column I, lines 5 and 6, from Kent Kent, Ronald Grubb (1384 AP). Old Persian: Grammar, Text, Glossary, translated into Persian by S. Oryan (in Persian), page 394 and 492. ISBN 964-421-045-X. 

The Iranian calendar (Persian: ), also known as Persian calendar or (mistakenly) the Jalāli Calendar is an astronomical solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan as the main official calendar. ... The Iranian calendar (Persian: ), also known as Persian calendar or (mistakenly) the Jalāli Calendar is an astronomical solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan as the main official calendar. ...

External links

• http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f4/v1f4a108.html