Image of the Saviour Not Made by Hand: a traditional Orthodox iconography in the interpretation of Simon Ushakov (1658).

Acheiropoieta (Greek αχειροποίητα), literally "not-handmade"), or Icons Not Made by Hand (and variants), are a particular kind of icon, ones that are alleged to have come into existence miraculously, not by a human painter. Invariably these are images of Jesus or the Virgin. The most notable example in the Eastern church is the Mandylion Image of Edessa and in the west, the Veil of Veronica. Image File history File links Merge-arrow. ... According to the legend, King Abgarus received the Image of Edessa from the apostle Thaddeus. ... Image File history File links Ru Нерукотворный Спас 1658 Uploaded from http://www. ... Image File history File links Ru Нерукотворный Спас 1658 Uploaded from http://www. ... Saviour Not Made by Hands, written by Ushakov for the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1658, is a key painting of the Stroganov School of Muscovite icon-painting. ... Look up icon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... According to the legend, King Abgarus received the Image of Edessa from the apostle Thaddeus. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Background

Such images functioned as powerful relics as well as icons, and their images were naturally seen as especially authoritative as to the true appearance of the subject. Like icons believed to be painted from the live subject, they therefore acted as important references for other images in the tradition. They therefore were copied on an enormous scale, and the belief that such images existed, and authenticated certain facial types, played an important role in the conservatism of the Byzantine tradition. Beside, and conflated with, the developed legend of the Image of Edessa, was the tale of the Veil of Veronica, whose very name signifies "true icon" or "true image", the fear of a "false image" remaining strong. A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... According to the legend, King Abgarus received the Image of Edessa from the apostle Thaddeus. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Surviving examples of this genre bear a marked resemplance to each other and have contributed to the bearded image of Jesus generally recongnisable up to the present day.

Acheiropoieta of 836

Such icons were seen as powerful arguments against iconoclasm. In a document apparently produced in the circle of the Patriach of Constantinople, which purports to be the record of a (fictitious) Church council of 836, a list of acheiropoieta and icons miraculously protected is given as evidence for divine approval of icons. The acheiropoieta listed are: Statues in the Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht, attacked in Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th century. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      An Ecumenical Council (also sometimes Oecumenical...

1) the Image of Edessa, described as still at Edessa;

2) the image of the Virgin at Lydda in Israel, which was said to have miraculously appeared imprinted on a column of a church built by the apostles Peter and John, and the Veil of Veronica;

3) another image of the Virgin at Lydda in Israel, which was said to have miraculously appeared in a (different) church, three cubits high.

The nine other miracles listed deal with the maintenance rather than creation of icons, which resist or repair the attacks of assorted pagans, Arabs, Persians, scoffers, madmen, iconoclasts and Jews. According to the legend, King Abgarus received the Image of Edessa from the apostle Thaddeus. ... The heritage of Roman Edessa survives today in these columns at the site of Urfa Castle, dominating the skyline of the modern city of Åžanlı Urfa. ... Lod (Hebrew לוד; Arabic اللد al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Lod (Hebrew לוד; Arabic اللد al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples. ...

This list seems to have had a regional bias, as other then famous images are not mentioned, such as the Christ of Camuliana, later brought to the capital. Another example, and the only one which indisputably still exists, is a mosaic of the young Christ from the sixth century in the church of the Latomos monastery in Thessaloniki (now dedicated to Saint David). This was apparently covered by plaster during the Iconoclastic period, towards the end of which an earthquake caused the plaster to fall down, revealing the image (during the reign of Leo V, 813-20). However this was only a subsidiary miracle, according to the account we have. This says that the mosaic was being constructed secretly, during the 4th century persecution of Galerius, as an image of the Virgin, when it suddenly was transformed overnight into the present image of Christ. Thessaloniki or Salonica (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη) is Greeces second-largest city and the capital of Macedonia. ...

Specific Images

Image of Edessa

Main article: Image of Edessa

The legend of King Abgarus

According to Christian legend, the Image of Edessa, (known to Orthodox Christians as the Mandylion, a Byzantine Greek word not applied in any other context), was a holy relic consisting of a square or rectangle of cloth upon which a miraculous image of the face of Jesus was imprinted — the first icon ("image"). According to the legend, King Abgarus received the Image of Edessa from the apostle Thaddeus. ... The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Look up icon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

According to the legend, King Abgar of Edessa wrote to Jesus, asking him to come cure him of an illness. Abgar received an answering letter from Jesus, declining the invitation, but promising a future visit by one of his disciples. Along with the letter went a likeness of Jesus. This legend was first recorded in the early fourth century by Eusebius of Caesarea^[1], who said that he had transcribed and translated the actual letter in the Syriac chancery documents of the king of Edessa. Instead, the apostle "Thaddaeus" is said to have come to Edessa, bearing the words of Jesus, by the virtues of which the king was miraculously healed. Tenth-century icon of Abgar with the mandylion, the image of Christ For the other historical kings Abgar of Osroene, see Osroene. ... Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea (c. ... The Seventy of the Gospel of Luke 10:1 – 20, though not literally named apostles, were followers that Jesus appointed and sent away (the Greek verb form apostello, not the noun form apostolos). ... Thaddeus was one of the Seventy Apostles of Christ, not to be confused with Thaddeus of the Twelve Apostles. ...

The Veil of Veronica

Main article: Veil of Veronica

Veronica's Veil, known in Italian as the Volto Santo or Holy Face (but not to be confused with the carved crucifix Volto Santo of Lucca) is a legendary Christian relic. The faithful believe that Veronica from Jerusalem encountered Jesus along the Via Dolorosa on the way to Calvary. When she paused to wipe the sweat (Latin suda) off his face with her veil, his image was imprinted on the cloth. The event is commemorated by one of the Stations of the Cross. According to legend, Veronica later traveled to Rome to present the cloth to the Roman Emperor Tiberius. Legend has it that it had miraculous properties, being able to quench thirst, restore blindness, and sometimes even raise the dead This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Crucifix, a cross with corpus, a symbol used in Catholicism in contrast with some other Christian communions, which use only a cross. ... Chrono Trigger character, see Lucca (Chrono Trigger). ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... A relic is an object, especially a piece of the body or a personal item of someone of religious significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial, Relics are an important aspect of Buddhism, some denominations of Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other personal belief systems. ... Abgar of Edessa in a 10th-century icon, sainte veroinica was a // hore and had sex with many guys in one time and alos had intercorse with JESUS!!!!!!! dundunduhhhhhh:)displaying the miraculous image of Edessa, a veronica According to the Acta Sanctorum published by the Bollandists (under February 4), Saint... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... A Reenacting of the event in the Via Dolorosa Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity... Golgotha redirects here. ... The 12th Station of the Cross - Jesus dies on the Cross. ... For other persons named Tiberius, see Tiberius (disambiguation). ...

Shroud of Turin

Face of Jesus

Main article: Shroud of Turin

The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent with crucifixion. It is being kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. Some believe it is the cloth that covered Jesus of Nazareth when he was placed in his tomb and that his image was recorded on its fibers at or near the time of his proclaimed resurrection. Skeptics contend the shroud is a medieval hoax or forgery—or even a devotional work of artistic verisimilitude. It is the subject of intense debate among some scientists, believers, historians, and writers regarding where, when, and how the shroud and its images were created. However, carbon dating revealed the cloth itself to date from the 14th century AD. Image File history File links SudarioFace. ... Image File history File links SudarioFace. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A shroud is typically something, usually a cloth, that covers or protects some other object. ... Torn linen cloth, recovered from the Dead Sea Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant. ... Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution, where the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead. ... The Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist (Italian Duomo di San Giovanni, Dome of Saint John) was built in Turin during 1491-1498. ... “Torino” redirects here. ... This article concerns critical reconstructions of the Historical Jesus. ... The resurrection of Jesus is an event in the New Testament in which God raised him from the dead[1] after his death by crucifixion. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... For other uses, see Verisimilitude (disambiguation). ...

Acheiropoieton – Rome

Image not made by hands, Lateran Palace, Rome.

This image is kept in what was once the pope’s private chapel, in a room now known as the Sancta Sanctorum, or "Holy of Holies" in a surviving part of the old Lateran Palace, Rome. The legend is that this image was begun by St Luke and finished by angels. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A Holy of Holies is the most sacred place within a sacred building. ... The Lateran Palace, sometimes more formally known as the Palace of the Lateran, is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later a Palace of the Popes. ... Luke the Evangelist (Greek Λουκας Loukas) is said by tradition to be the author of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, the third and fifth books of the New Testament. ...

It is thought that the icon was painted in Rome between the 5th and 6th century. Today only slight traces remain of an enthroned Christ with a crossed halo, in the classic pose of the Teacher holding the roll of the law in His left hand with His right raised in benediction. Many times restored, the face completely changed when Pope Alexander III (1159-1181) had the present one, painted on silk, placed over the original. Innocent III (1189-1216) covered the rest of the holy icon with embossed silver, but other later embellishments have by now completely disguised its surface. It has also been cleaned during the recent restoration. The doors protecting the icon, again in embossed silver, are of the 15th century. It has a baldachin in metal and gilded wood over it, replacing the one by Caradaossi (1452-1527), lost during the sack of Rome in 1527. Although no longer a specific liturgical object, some Romans still venerate this icon, considering it a last hope in disasters and memorable events in the capital, a veneration which can be compared with that for the other ancient icon of the Madonna “Salus Populi Romani” in St. Mary Major, again in Rome. The former icon used to be annually taken across Rome in procession to "meet" the latter on the Feast of the Assumption. Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Innocent III, né Lotario de Conti ( 1161–June 16, 1216), was Pope from January 8, 1198 until his death. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Saint Mary Major, in Italian, Santa Maria Maggiore, is one of the five great ancient basilicas of Rome, Italy. ... Look up assumption in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

References

Robin Cormack, "Writing in Gold: Byzantine Society and its Icons", 1985, George Philip, London, ISBN 054001085-5