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 | The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal, directed-energy weapon system under development by the U.S. military. It is a strong millimeter-wave transmitter used for crowd control (the "goodbye effect"[1]). Raytheon is currently marketing a reduced range version of this technology.[2] Image File history File links Gnome_globe_current_event. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Image File history File links Active_Denial_System_Humvee. ...
Image File history File links Active_Denial_System_Humvee. ...
Non-lethal force is force which is not inherently likely to kill or cause great bodily injury to a living target. ...
Directed-energy weapon refers to a type of weapon that emits energy in a particular direction by a means other than a projectile. ...
The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ...
Operation The ADS works by directing electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 95 GHz[3] toward the subjects. The waves excite water molecules in the epidermis to around 55 °C (130 degrees Fahrenheit), causing an intensely painful burning sensation. While not actually burning the skin, the burning sensation is similar to that of a light bulb being pressed against the skin.[3] The focused beam can be directed at targets at a range of just under half a kilometer, or 500 yards[4]. The device can penetrate thick clothing, although not walls[4]. There is no indication on the feasibility of electromagnetically shielding a person from its effects with a wire mesh or Faraday cage, in a similar manner that a microwave oven prevents radiation escaping. As the beam excites the water molecules in the skin, water bearing materials such as wet clothing/towels, wet pastes/gels, vegetables or meat could effectively absorb the energy, although the military claims that wearing wet clothing actually intensifies the effect. Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
A gigahertz is a billion hertz or a thousand megahertz, a measure of frequency. ...
After absorbing energy, an electron may jump from the ground state to a higher energy excited state. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with skin. ...
Electromagnetic shielding is the process of limiting the flow of electromagnetic fields between two locations, by separating them with a barrier made of conductive material. ...
Entrance to a Faraday room A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure formed by conducting material, or by a mesh of such material. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Microwave oven and Microwave heating. ...
A higher radio frequency is chosen because, as a property of electromagnetic waves (known as "skin depth"), they are unable to penetrate the body as deeply as lower frequency waves, thereby affecting external organs only, such as skin. The United States Military states the effect "penetrates the skin to a depth of less than 1/64 of an inch."[1] A spokesman for the Air Force Research Laboratory described his experience as a test subject for the system: "For the first millisecond, it just felt like the skin was warming up. Then it got warmer and warmer and you felt like it was on fire.... As soon as you're away from that beam your skin returns to normal and there is no pain." It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Radio waves. ...
When an electromagnetic wave interacts with a conductive material, mobile charges within the material are made to oscillate back and forth with the same frequency as the impinging fields. ...
The United States Air Force Research Laboratory with headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, was created in October 1997. ...
The ADS is currently only a vehicle mounted weapon, however, U.S. Marines and police are both working on portable versions.
A fully operational and mounted system was demonstrated Wednesday, January 24, 2007, at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. A Reuters correspondent who volunteered to be shot with the beam during the demonstration described it as "similar to a blast from a very hot oven - too painful to bear without diving for cover."[5] is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
Moody Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Lowndes County, Georgia. ...
Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ...
Controversy
 Closeup of the ADS projection mechanism. The effects of this radio frequency on humans have been studied by the military for years, and much, but not all, of the research has been published openly in peer reviewed journals. A listing of many of these articles can be found on the military Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program website on the ADS page. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2700x1793, 621 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Active Denial System ...
Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2700x1793, 621 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Active Denial System ...
Controversy as to the methodology of testing, in which volunteers were asked to remove glasses, contact lenses and metallic objects that could cause hot spots, has raised concerns as to whether the device would remain true to its purpose of non-lethal temporary incapacitation if used in the field where safety precautions would not be taken. Proponents of the system claim that these tests were early in the program and part of a thorough and methodical process to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the technology, which has now involved more than 600 volunteer subjects and some 10,200 exposures. As safety was demonstrated in each step of the process, restrictions were removed and now, according to ADS proponents, there are no restrictions or precautions necessary for volunteers experiencing the effect.[6] A soft contact lens A contact lens (also known as contact, for short) is a corrective or cosmetic lens placed on the cornea of the eye atop the iris. ...
Critics cite that although the stated intent of the ADS is to be a non-lethal device designed to temporarily incapacitate, easy modifications or incorrect use by the operator could turn the ADS into a torture device that would violate international conventions on warfare.
The device is also being used by cosmetic surgeons as a permanent form of unwanted hair removal.
 A prototype ADS being tested. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1800x2710, 929 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Active Denial System Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1800x2710, 929 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Active Denial System Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used...
Silent Guardian The defense contractor, Raytheon, has developed a smaller version of the ADS, named the Silent Guardian. This stripped down model is primarily marketed for use by law enforcement agencies, the military and other security providers. The system is operated and aimed with a joystick and aiming screen. The device can be used for targets up to 550 m away.[3] Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) is a major United States military contractor based in Waltham, Massachusetts. ...
Michael Hanlon - who volunteered to experience its effects - described it as "a bit like touching a red-hot wire, but there is no heat, only the sensation of heat". Contrary to Raytheon's claims that the pain ceases instantly upon removal of the ray, Hanlon said that the finger he subjected "was tingling hours later".[7]
Contracts 22 September 2004 Raytheon was granted an FCC license to demonstrate the technology to "law enforcement, military and security organizations."[8] is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The FCCs official seal. ...
On October 4, 2004 the DoD published the following contract information: is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
DOD or DoD may refer to: Australian Department of Defence United States Department of Defense Department of Defence of the Republic Of Ireland Date of death Date of discharge Day of Defeat, computer game Delivery of deed Draft on demand DrinkOrDie, a software cracking and warez trading network Diary of...
Communications and Power Industries (CPI), Palto Alto [sic], Calif., is being awarded a $6,377,762 costs-reimbursement, cost-plus fixed-price contract. The contractor shall design, build, test, and delivery a two to 2.5 megawatt, high efficiency, continuous wave (CW) 95 gigahertz millimeter wave source system. The contractor shall perform extensive modeling, simulation, experiments, and testing to the maximum capabilities of their facilities (which shall no less than one megawatt peak RF output) that will ascertain the final CW capabilities of the source. The contractor also shall provide input for the requirements for the government’s test stand, which will serve as a full power facility in the future. At this time, $900,000 of the funds has been obliged. This work will be complete by January 2009. Negotiations were completed September 2004. The Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, is the contracting activity (FA9451-04-C-0298).[9] Kirtland Air Force Base is located in the southeast quadrant of Albuquerque, New Mexico, adjacent to the Albuquerque International Sunport. ...
See also This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Directed-energy weapon refers to a type of weapon that emits energy in a particular direction by a means other than a projectile. ...
Radiation as used in physics, is energy in the form of waves or moving subatomic particles. ...
// The LRAD is the round black device on top of the New York City police Hummer. ...
Area denial weapons are used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land. ...
References - ^ Wired News: Say Hello to the Goodbye Weapon (December 5, 2006).
- ^ Raytheon: Silent Guardian product brief (2006).
- ^ a b c Hambling, David (2006), "Techwatch-Forecasting Pain", Popular Mechanics 183(12): 32, ISSN 0032-4558
- ^ a b US unveils 'heat gun'. Daily Telegraph (January 25, 2007). Retrieved on 25 January, 2007.
- ^ US military unveils heat-ray gun. BBC (January 25, 2007). Retrieved on 25 January, {{{accessyear}}}.
- ^ Hearn, Kelly (August 19, 2005). Rumsfeld's Ray Gun. AlterNet. Retrieved on 15 August, 2006.
- ^ "Run away the ray-gun is coming : We test US army's new secret weapon", The Daily Mail
- ^ Active Denial System: A Nonlethal 'Counter-Personnel Energy Weapon'. Why War?.com (September 22, 2004). Retrieved on 15 August, 2006.
- ^ Contracts for October 4, 2004. U.S. Department of Defense (October 4, 2004). Retrieved on 15 August, 2006.
is how the active-denial technology would work in rainy, foggy or sea-spray conditions where the beam's energy could be absorbed by water in the atmosphere." is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
- AP report August 16, 2004
- Why-war September 22, 2004 "On Sept. 22, 2004, Thomas J. Fagan, an employee at Raytheon, was granted an FCC license"
- Defense Tech November 16, 2004 "AFRL handed Palo Alto's Communications & Power Industries a four year, $7 million contract, according to the Hilltop Times — the in-house paper of Hill Air Force Base. "Dr. Diana Loree, the project officer for Active Denial, said four AFRL directorates are involved in developing this airborne capability: directed energy here; propulsion and vehicles at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio; and human effectiveness at Brooks City-Base, Texas. Experts from directed energy, as the lead directorate, focuses on the systems engineering and radiating system development, she said. Propulsion directorate experts focus on the airborne power generation and conditioning required for the radiating system. Vehicles directorate scientists and engineers put their efforts toward Active Denial's thermal management and aircraft integration issues while human effectiveness experts focus on biological effects research."
- World Tribune February 3, 2005 "New non-lethal weapon lets troops dispel hostile crowds"
- New Scientist July 23, 2005 "Details of US microwave-weapon tests revealed"
- New Weapon, Human Tests Wired News December 5, 2006 - Contains links to test documents.
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