An active protection system, or APS, protects a tank or other armoured fighting vehicle from incoming fire before it hits the vehicle's armour. There are two general categories: soft kill systems, which use jamming to confuse a missile's guidance system, and hard kill systems, which attempt to detect and destroy incoming projectiles. An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, equipped with protection against hostile attacks and often mounted weapons. ... An Anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a missile the primary purpose of which is to hit and destroy tanks. ...
Soft kill systems were (unsuccessfully) deployed by Iraq in the Gulf War. These were essentially strobe lights fitted to Iraqi tanks, which masqueraded as the guidance beacon on the back of a TOW missile. The multinational force was aware of their use, and adjusted the frequency of their guidance systems so they wouldn't be confused. A soft kill system currently in service is the Russian Shtora, deployed on Russian and Ukrainian tanks. C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The 1991 Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. ... A TOW missile being fired from a Jeep. ... Shtora is a Russian electro-optical countermeasures suite, designed to disrupt the laser target designation and rangefinders of incoming ATGMs. ...
Hard kill systems are activated when a millimetre-wavelength radar or other sensor detects an incoming projectile. In considerably less than a second they launch a counter-projectile in an attempt to physically damage or destroy the incoming round. Examples include the TROPHY Active Protection System, Drozd, Arena and Zaslon. TROPHY is a protective shield system for light armored vehicles that intercepts and destroys missiles and rockets with a shotgun-like blast just before they hit. ... Drozd is an active countermeasure system developed at Russia. ... The Arena Active Protection System (APS) is an active countermeasure system developed at Russias Kolomna-based Engineering Design Bureau to provide anti-missile defense for T-90 tanks. ...
In popular culture
In the film Die Another Day, James Bond's modified Aston Martin Vanquish was portrayed with twin bonnet-mounted automatic shotguns as a hard-kill system to destroy mortar rounds. Die Another Day is the twentieth James Bond film made by EON Productions and the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as Ian Flemings James Bond. ... The Aston Martin V12 Vanquish is a supercar manufactured by Aston Martin since 2001. ...
The number of mounted protective ammunition is expected to be usually sufficient to defeat all the threats to the tank during a single combat mission without replenishing the protective ammunition.
Owing to the small size of the dangerous zone (20-30 meters around the tank) the system is not hazardous to the accompanying infantry and external tank equipment and the system's units during operation of the protective ammunition.
However, activeprotection should not be considered an alternative to all conventional types of protection; on the contrary, the problem of increasing tank protection should be solved via a reasonable hybrid of the passive (armor) protection, optronic counter-measures, ERA and activeprotection.
Active fire protectionsystems such as water sprinkler and spray systems are widely used in the process industries for protection of storage vessels, process plant, loading installations and warehouses.
For passive fire protectionsystems the operator should have supplier or manufacturer information demonstrating that the fire protectivesystem employed meets defined performance criteria based on standard tests that replicate the fire conditions likely to be encountered in the work place.
Whilst active fire protection is not a standard requirement for vessels containing flammable and highly flammable liquids, site factors such as inadequate separation distances from other plant or the proximity of occupied buildings may necessitate the use of active or passive fire protection to prevent escalation of a fire event.
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