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Encyclopedia > Acyl carrier protein
Streptomyces coelicolor actinorhodin polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein - PDB 2AF8

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain bound during synthesis as a thiol ester at the distal thiol of a 4'-phophopantethiene moiety. The protein is expressed in the inactive apo form and the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety must be post-translationally attached to a conserved serine residue on the ACP by the action of holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) a phosphopantetheinyl transferase. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 766 × 600 pixels Full resolution (853 × 668 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/png) C. Arthur, File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 766 × 600 pixels Full resolution (853 × 668 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/png) C. Arthur, File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Streptomyces is a genus of Actinobacteria. ... The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of proteins and nucleic acids. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. ... Acyl carrier protein synthases (ACPS) are members of the family of phosphopantethienyl transferases responsible for the conversion of the inactive apo-Acyl carrier protein from fatty acid or polyketide biosynthesis into the active holo form through the post-translational addition of a 4-phosphopantethiene chain derived from coenzyme A. Category...


4'-Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACP of polyketide synthases, and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Phosphopantetheine fulfils two demands in these biosynthetic pathways. Firstly, the intermediates remain covalently linked to the synthases (or synthetases) in an energy-rich linkage. Secondly, the flexibility and length of phosphopantetheine chain (approximately 2 nm) allows the covalently tethered intermediates to have access to spatially distinct enzyme active sites. This increases the effective molarity of the intermediate and allows an assembly line like process. 4-Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of acyl carrier protein (ACP) and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) derived from Coenzyme A. Phosphopantetheine fulfils two demands. ...


Structurally, the ACPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. The structures of a number of acyl carrier proteins have been solved using various NMR and crystallography techniques. Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz) NMR spectrometer being loaded with a sample. ...


The ACP's are structural and mechanistically related to the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) from nonribosomal peptide synthases. Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. ...


External links

  • MeSH Acyl+Carrier+Protein
This metabolism related enzyme article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This article is of interest to the Metabolic Pathways WikiProject.
v • d • e
Proteins: carrier proteins

Acyl carrier protein - Adaptor protein - F-box protein - GTP-binding protein - Light-harvesting complex - Membrane transport protein Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... Image File history File links Glucose_wpmp. ... A few of the metabolic pathways in a cell. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Carrier proteins are proteins that transport a particular substance in the blood or across the cell membrane. ... An adaptor protein is a protein which is accessory to main proteins in signal transduction. ... F-box proteins are proteins containing at least one F-box motif, a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions. ... G-proteins, short for guanine nucleotide binding proteins, are a family of proteins involved in second messenger cascades. ... A light-harvesting complex is one or more polypeptide chains containing photosynthetic pigments, which surrounds a photosynthetic reaction centre and focuses light inward toward its core. ... A membrane transport protein is a protein involved in the movement of a chemical such as an ion or another protein across a biological membrane. ...


Calcium-binding protein - Calmodulin-binding proteins - Ceruloplasmin - Cholesterylester transfer protein - Iron-binding proteins - Retinol binding protein - Transferrin receptor - Transcobalamins Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signalling pathways by binding to Ca2+. The most ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, is calmodulin. ... Calmodulin-binding proteins are, as their name implies, proteins which bind calmodulin. ... Ceruloplasmin Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin), officially known as ferroxidase or iron(II):oxygen oxidoreductase, is a copper transport protein found in the blood. ... Cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) is a plasma protein that converts high density lipoprotein (HDL) into intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL). ... Iron-binding proteins are carrier proteins and metalloproteins which play many important roles in metabolism. ... Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ... Transferrin receptor is a carrier protein for transferrin. ... Transcobalamins are carrier proteins which bind cyanocobalamin (B12). ...


Follistatin - Growth hormone binding protein - Insulin-like growth factor binding protein - Neurophysins (Neurophysin I, II)
Sex hormone binding globulin/Androgen binding protein - Transcortin - Thyroxine-binding globulin - Transthyretin Follistatin is a single chain gonadal protein that inhibits Follicle-stimulating hormone release. ... Growth hormone binding protein is, as its name would indicate, a carrier protein for growth hormone. ... The Insulin-like growth factor binding protein serves as a carrier protein for Insulin-like growth factor 1. ... Neurophysins are carrier proteins for the hormones generated in the hypothalamus and distributed from the posterior pituitary. ... Neurophysin I is a carrier protein with a size of 10 KDa and containing 90 to 97 aminoacids that transports neurohypophysial hormones along axons, from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary. ... Neurophysin II is a carrier protein which binds vasopressin. ... Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol. ... Androgen binding protein is a protein produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules that binds androgen hormones like testosterone. ... Transcortin, also corticosteroid binding protein or CBG, is an alpha-globulin that has high affinity for binding cortisol. ... Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) or transthyretin is the major binding protein of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream. ... Transthyretin (TTR) is a serum and cerebrospinal fluid carrier of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
Background (551 words)
Background of AcpS: The de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids is a process common to prokaryotes and eukaryotes[ 2 ].One of the proteins predominantly associated with fatty acid biosynthesis is the Acyl Carrier protein.[ 4 ].
ACP's which are primarily incolved with fatty acid biosynthesis are also utilized for polyketide antibiotic synthesis, synthesis of non ribosomal peptides and for intermediates used in the synthesis of vitamins such as the protein-bound coenzymes lipoic acid and biotin[ 4 ].
The ACP is composed of 80-100 residues in each of these pathways and is either an integrated domain in a larger multifunctional protein (type I) or is a structurally independent protein that forms a part of a non-aggregated multi-enzyme system (type II).
Title of Invention: Acyl carrier protein - DNA sequ ence and synthesis (8497 words)
Since it is found that there is a substantial immunological cross-reactivity between acyl carrier proteins from different sources, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic polyclonal antibodies may be employed for isolating acyl carrier proteins from a particular source and may be further used to isolate acyl carrier proteins from other plant sources.
The acyl carrier protein may be any one of the isozymes which may be found in a particular host, such as ACP-I and ACP-II as designated in Ohlrogge and Kuo, supra, as found in spinach, or their analogues as found in other plant hosts.
After joining of the open reading frame for the acyl carrier protein structural gene and the transcriptional initiation regulatory region, a functional transcriptional termination regulatory region may be present, which has been included as a result of the method for construction or one may be introduced.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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