In chemistry, the acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of two carboxylic esters using metallic sodium to give an α-hydroxyketone, also known as an acyloin. Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... In organic chemistry and biochemistry esters are substances where an organic group replaces a hydrogen atom (or more than one) in an oxygen acid. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ...
The reaction is most successful when R is aliphatic and inert, high-boiling solvents such as benzene and toluene are used. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (965x243, 2 KB) Description: Chemical structure of Acyloin condensation. ... In chemistry, non-aromatic and non-cyclic (acyclic) organic compounds are called aliphatic. ... Benzene, C6H6, PhH, or benzol is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ...
References
Bouveault, L.; Loquin, R. Compt. Rend.1905, 140, 1593.
A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, usually water.
However, some condensations (such as the acyloincondensation) are triggered by radical or single electron transfer conditions and do not fit this model.
Other organic condensation reactions are Aldol condensations, self-condensation, the acyloincondensation and the benzoin condensation.
The formaldehyde is condensed in situ in the absorption liquid (or optionally in a reaction tube or cascade of stirrer vessels following the absorption liquid).
When the condensation reaction is stopped at a formaldehyde content of from 2 to 2.5%, for example, a mixture of higher hydric alcohols, hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones having an average hydroxyl functionality of approximately 4 is obtained.
The degrees of condensation are determined by the functionalities of the aminoplast monomers and the carbonyl group content of the mixtures, especially the proportion of N-methylol compounds in the mixtures.
Feeds |
Contact