Adalbert Stifter (23 October 1805 – 28 January 1868) was an Austrian writer, poet, painter, and pedagogue. He was especially notable for the vivid natural landscapes depicted in his writing, and has long been popular in the German-speaking world, while almost entirely unknown to English readers. October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... A poet is someone who writes poetry. ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... In education, teachers are those who teach students or pupils, often a course of study or a practical skill. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Born in Oberplan, in Bohemia (now Horní Planá, Czech Republic), he was educated at the Gymnasium at Kremsmünster, and went to the University of Vienna in 1826 to study law. In 1828 he fell in love with Fanny Greipl, but after a relationship lasting five years, her parents forbade further correspondence, a loss from which he never recovered. In 1835 he became engaged to Amalia Mohaupt, and they married in 1837, but the marriage was not a happy one. Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Kremsmünster Abbey (Stift Kremsmünster) is a Benedictine monastery in Kremsmünster in Upper Austria. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... // Balancing scales are symbolic of how law mediates peoples interests For other senses of this word, see Law (disambiguation). ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Instead of becoming a state official, he became a tutor to the aristocrats of Vienna, and was highly regarded as such. His students included Princess Maria Anna von Schwarzenberg and Richard Metternich, son of Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. He also made some money from selling paintings, and published his first story, "Der Condor", in 1840. An immediate success, it inaugurated a steady writing career. // In English and Irish Secondary Schools the Form Tutor is similar to an American Home Room Teacher. ... Inhabitants according to official census figures: 1800 to 2005 Vienna in 1858 Vienna (German: Wien ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Klemens Wenzel von Metternich Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneberg-Beilstein (May 15, 1773 – June 11, 1859) was an Austrian politician and statesman and perhaps the most important diplomat of his era. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Stifter visited Linz in 1848, and moved there permanently a year later, where he became editor of the Linzer Zeitung and the Wiener Bote. In 1850 he was appointed supervisor of elementary schools for Upper Austria. Map of Austria, locating Linz Linz is a city and Statutarstadt in northeast Austria, on the Danube river. ... 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Editing is the process of preparing language, images, or sound for presentation through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ...

His health began to decline in 1854, and he became seriously ill in 1863 (the exact disease is unknown). In deep depression, he slashed his neck with a razor on the night of 25 January 1868 and died a few days later. 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Stifter's work is characterized by the pursuit of beauty; his characters strive to be moral, and move in gorgeous landscapes luxuriously described. Evil, cruelty, and suffering rarely appear, and the outlook is relentlessly optimistic. Although perhaps one-dimensional compared to his more famous and realistic contemporaries, his visions of ideal worlds reflect his informal allegiance to the Biedermeier movement in literature. In Central Europe, Biedermeier refers to work in the fields of literature, music, the visual arts and interior design in the period between the years 1815 (Vienna Congress), the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions and contrasts with the Romantic era which preceded...

The majority of his works are long stories or short novels, many of which were published in multiple versions, sometimes radically changed.

Stifter's Der Nachsommer (1857) and Gottfried Keller's Der Grune Heinrich were named the two great German novels of the 19th century by Friedrich Nietzsche. Der Nachsommer is one of the finest examples of the Bildungsroman. Gottfried Keller (July 19, 1819 – July 15, 1890) was a Swiss writer who is best known as the master of the Novelle. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a German philologist and philosopher. ... A bildungsroman (IPA: /, German: novel of education or novel of formation) is a novel which traces the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character from (usually) childhood to maturity. ...

Witiko is a historical novel set in the 12th century, a strange work panned by many critics, but praised by Hermann Hesse and Thomas Mann. Dietrich Bonhoeffer found great comfort from his reading of Witiko while in Tagel Prison under Nazi arrest. A historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the author. ... Hermann Hesse in 1927 Hermann Hesse (pronounced ) (2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-born poet, novelist, and painter who became a Swiss citizen. ... Paul Thomas Mann (June 6, 1875 – August 12, 1955) was a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate, lauded principally for a series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. ... Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dietrich Bonhoeffer (February 4, 1906 – April 9, 1945) was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian and participant in the German resistance movement against Nazism. ...

He was named as an influence by W. G. Sebald, and both W.H. Auden and Marianne Moore admired his work, the latter co-translating Bergkristall as Rock Crystal with Elizabeth Mayer in 1945. Thomas Mann was also an admirer of Stifter, calling him "one of the most extraordinary, the most enigmatic, the most secretly daring and the most strangely gripping narrators in world literature." W.G. Sebald W. G. (Winfred Georg Maximilian) Sebald (May 18, 1944, Wertach im Allgäu–December 14, 2001, Norfolk, United Kingdom) was a writer and academic. ... Christopher Isherwood and W.H. Auden, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1939 Wystan Hugh Auden (February 21, 1907–September 29, 1973) was an English poet. ... Marianne Moore photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marianne Moore (December 11, 1887 - February 5, 1972) was a Modernist American poet and writer. ... Paul Thomas Mann (June 6, 1875 – August 12, 1955) was a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate, lauded principally for a series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. ...

Works

• Studien (6 vols. 1844-1850)
  • Bergkristall ("Rock Crystal")
  • Der Condor
  • Feldblumen ("Field Flowers")
  • Das Haidedorf ("The Village on the Heath")
  • Brigitta
  • Der Hagestolz
  • Der Hochwald
  • Abdias
  • Der Waldgänger ("The Wanderer in the Forest")
• Bunte Steine ("Colorful Stones") (2 vols., 1853)
• Der Nachsommer ("Indian Summer") (1857)
• Nachkommenschaften (1865)
• Witiko (3 vols., 1865-1867)
• Die Mappe meines Urgrossvaters
• Erzählungen (1869) ("Tales")

Brigitta is a novella by the Austrian author Adalbert Stifter. ...

References

• Margaret Gump: Adalbert Stifter (Twayne Publishers, 1974)
• Eric Blackall: Adalbert Stifter: A Critical Study (1948)
• Kurt Palm: Suppe Taube Spargel sehr sehr gut (about Stifter's excessive eating habits) (ISBN 3-85409-313-6)

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Adalbert Stifter

• Adalbert Stifter website
• Works by Adalbert Stifter at Project Gutenberg