The Lord of the Rings, an epic high fantasy novel by the British author J. R. R. Tolkien, set in his world of Middle-earth (a fictional past version of our Earth), has been adapted for various media multiple times. The works of J. R. R. Tolkien have served as the inspiration to painters, musicians, film-makers and writers, to such an extent that Tolkien is sometimes seen as the father of the entire genre of high fantasy. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by the British academic J. R. R. Tolkien. ... High fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy fiction that is set in invented or parallel worlds. ... John Ronald Reuel Tolkien CBE (January 3, 1892 – September 2, 1973) was an English philologist, writer and university professor, best known as the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. ... A map of the Northwestern part of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age, courtesy of the Encyclopedia of Arda. ... Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ...

Film

Three film adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made. The first was The Lord of the Rings (1978), by animator Ralph Bakshi, the first part of what was originally intended to be a two-part adaptation of the story. The second, The Return of the King (1980), was a television special by Rankin-Bass. The third was director Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, released in three installments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings is the title of an animated film produced and directed by Ralph Bakshi, and released to theaters in 1978. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Ralph Bakshi (October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and occasionally live-action films. ... The Return of the King is an animated adaptation of the novel by J. R. R. Tolkien which was released by Rankin-Bass as a TV special in 1980. ... A television special is a television program, typically a short film or television movie, which interrupts or temporarily replaces programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. ... Rankin-Bass (aka Videocraft International) is an American production company, known for its seasonal television specials. ... Peter Jackson CNZM (born October 31, 1961) is a three-time Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA winning New Zealand filmmaker best known as the director of The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which he, along with his long time partner, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens adapted from the novels... The Lord of the Rings film trilogy comprises three live action fantasy epic films; The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). ...

Early efforts

The rights to The Lord of the Rings were held by Walt Disney for ten years, but the Disney company was unable to put together a film production.^{[citation needed]} The Beatles planned to do a live-action version with Paul McCartney as Frodo Baggins, Ringo Starr as Sam Gamgee, George Harrison as Gandalf, and John Lennon as Gollum - but those plans came to nothing.^[1] It was even said that Stanley Kubrick had looked into the possibility of filming the story, but he abandoned the idea as too "immense" to be made into a movie.^[2] For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... The Beatles were a British rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. ... Sir James Paul McCartney MBE (born June 18, 1942) is an iconic Grammy Award-winning English singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who first gained worldwide fame as one of the founding members of the Beatles. ... Frodo Baggins is one of the most significant characters in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Richard Starkey, MBE (born 7 July 1940 in Liverpool),[1] known by his stage name Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer and actor, best known as the drummer of the Beatles. ... Samwise Gamgee (T.A. 2983-F.A. 62; S.R. 1383-1482), a fictional character featured in J. R. R. Tolkiens fantasy world Middle-earth, is Frodo Baggins servant who proves to be the most loyal of the Fellowship of the Ring. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Gandalf (disambiguation). ... John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (October 9, 1940 – December 8, 1980), (born John Winston Lennon, known as John Ono Lennon) was an iconic English 20th century rock and roll songwriter and singer, best known as the founding member of The Beatles. ... Gollum is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999) was an influential and acclaimed American film director and producer. ...

In the mid-1970s, film director John Boorman collaborated with current film rights holder and producer Saul Zaentz and corresponded with Tolkien about a live action picture, which was supposedly more to the author's liking than an animated film. Produced by United Artists, it would have been one long film with an intermission.^[3] John Boorman (born January 18, 1933 in Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom), is a British filmmaker, currently based in Ireland, best known for his feature films such as Point Blank, Deliverance, Excalibur, and The General. ... It has been suggested that The Saul Zaentz Film Center be merged into this article or section. ... The current United Artists logo (a variant was used during the 1980s). ...

In the script, written by Boorman and his colleague Rospo Pallenberg, many new elements were inserted or were modified. The first half is largely based on The Fellowship of the Ring. Following the intermission, the writers “dropped things out” and “invented as they went along”.^[3] Among other things, Frodo and the Lady Galadriel have sexual intercourse (her husband Celeborn is omitted), the Lord of the Nazgûl rides a bleeding, skinless horse in lieu of a flying pterodactylic creature, Gimli is put in a hole and beaten so he can retrieve the password to Moria from his ancestral memory, and Arwen is made into a spiritual guide for the Fellowship and her role as Aragorn's love interest is wholly transferred to Éowyn, who becomes the latter's queen.^[4] The Fellowship of the Ring is the first of three volumes of the epic novel The Lord of the Rings by the English author J.R.R. Tolkien. ... Galadriel is a fictional character created by J. R. R. Tolkien, appearing in The Lord of the Rings. ... Spoiler warning: In J. R. R. Tolkiens fantasy book The Lord of the Rings, Celeborn (pronounced with a hard c as in cake) was the Elven husband of Galadriel; Lord of the Galadhrim; and co-ruler along with Galadriel of Lothlórien. ... The Witch-king of Angmar, also known as Lord of the Nazgûl or the Black Captain, is a fictional character in the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, set in the fantasy world of Middle-earth. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Éowyn and the Nazgûl by Ted Nasmith In J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, fell beast is the authors description of the huge flying carrion-eating pterosaur-like creatures on which the Nazgûl rode after being unhorsed at the Ford of Bruinen. ... Gimli is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkiens Middle-earth legendarium, featured in The Lord of the Rings. ... Arwen Undómiel is a character from the fictional Middle-earth universe created by J. R. R. Tolkien. ... Aragorn (II., son of Arathorn II.) is an important character from J. R. R Tolkiens legendarium. ... Éowyn (T.A. 2995–F.A. ?), a shieldmaiden of Rohan, is a character in J. R. R. Tolkiens fantasy universe of Middle-earth who appears in his most famous work, The Lord of the Rings. ...

The project ultimately proved too expensive to finance at that time. Boorman ended up making the Arthurian epic Excalibur instead, also with Pallenberg's help - where in a draft for that movie’s script they use similar concepts; a "duel of words" originally planned between Gandalf and Saruman becomes a duel between Merlin and Morgana, albeit rephrased. This duel as written does not appear in the final film.^[4] A copy of the script is stored in the Tolkien papers collection of Marquette University.^[5] A bronze Arthur in plate armour with visor raised and with jousting shield wearing Kastenbrust armour (early 15th century) by Peter Vischer, typical of later anachronistic depictions of Arthur. ... Excalibur is a 1981 film which retells the legend of King Arthur. ... Merlin is best known as the wizard featured in Arthurian legend. ... Morgan le Fay, by Anthony Frederick Sandys (1829 - 1904), 1864 (Birmingham Art Gallery): A spell-brewing Morgaine distinctly of Tennysons generation Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana and other variants, is a powerful sorceress and sometime antagonist of King Arthur and Guinevere in the Arthurian legend. ... Marquette University is a, private, coeducational, Jesuit, Roman Catholic university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the United States of America. ...

In 1977, Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc. produced the first real film adaptation of any of Tolkien's works with an animated television version of The Hobbit.^[6] Rankin/Bass Productions, Inc. ... J. R. R. Tolkiens The Hobbit was adapted into an animated television movie by Rankin/Bass Productions in 1977. ... The Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien in the tradition of the fairy tale. ...

Animated films

Main articles: The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) and The Return of the King (1980 film)

Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings

In 1978, shortly after the Rankin-Bass animated television film of The Hobbit, Saul Zaentz produced an animated adaptation of The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers.^[7] J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, originally released by United Artists, was directed by Ralph Bakshi and used an animation technique called rotoscoping in which footage of live actors was filmed and then traced over.^[8] The film was part one of what was originally to be a two-part adaptation of Tolkien's story, Part I ending after the battle of Helm's Deep, but before Sam, Frodo and Gollum traverse the Dead Marshes, and Part II picking up from where the first left off. Made for a minimal budget of US$8 million, the film made over US$30 million dollars at the box office.^[9] However, United Artists viewed the film as a flop, and refused to fund a Part II (covering the rest of the story). In 1980, Rankin/Bass produced an animated adaptation of The Return of the King,^[10] based on their own concepts previously applied to their earlier animated adaptation of The Hobbit. J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings is the title of an animated film produced and directed by Ralph Bakshi, and released to theaters in 1978. ... DVD cover The Return of the King is an animated adaptation of the novel by J. R. R. Tolkien which was released by Rankin/Bass as a TV special in 1980. ... Image File history File links The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978). ... Image File history File links The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978). ... The Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien in the tradition of the fairy tale. ... Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement. ... J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings is the title of an animated film produced and directed by Ralph Bakshi, and released to theaters in 1978. ... The current United Artists logo (a variant was used during the 1980s). ... Ralph Bakshi (October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and occasionally live-action films. ... Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over live-action film movement, frame by frame, for use in animated films. ... The Dead Marshes is a fictional place from J. R. R. Tolkiens universe, Middle-earth. ... DVD cover The Return of the King is an animated adaptation of the novel by J. R. R. Tolkien which was released by Rankin/Bass as a TV special in 1980. ... J. R. R. Tolkiens The Hobbit was adapted into an animated television movie by the team at Rankin-Bass Productions in 1977. ...

New Line Cinema films

Main article: The Lord of the Rings film trilogy

Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

Miramax Films developed a full-fledged live action adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, with Peter Jackson as director. Eventually, with Miramax owner Disney becoming increasingly uneasy with the sheer scope of the proposed project, Jackson was given the opportunity to find another studio to take over. In 1998, New Line Cinema assumed production responsibility (while Miramax executives Bob Weinstein and Harvey Weinstein retained on-screen credits as executive producers). The three films were shot simultaneously. They featured extensive computer-generated imagery, including major battle scenes utilising the "Massive" software program. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring was released on December 19, 2001, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers on December 18, 2002 and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King worldwide on December 17, 2003. All three won the Hugo Award for Best (Long-form) Dramatic Presentation in their respective years. The Lord of the Rings film trilogy comprises three live action fantasy epic films; The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). ... Lord Of The Rings: Fellowship of the Ring movie poster Uploaded by fair use/fair dealing usage This work is copyrighted. ... Lord Of The Rings: Fellowship of the Ring movie poster Uploaded by fair use/fair dealing usage This work is copyrighted. ... Miramax is a Big Ten film distribution and production company. ... In film and video, live action refers to works that are acted out by flesh-and-blood actors, as opposed to animation. ... Peter Jackson CNZM (born October 31, 1961) is a three-time Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA winning New Zealand filmmaker best known as the director of The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which he, along with his long time partner, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens adapted from the novels... The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS) is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. ... New Line Cinema, founded in 1967, is one of the major American film studios. ... Bob Weinstein, along with brother Harvey Weinstein, was head of Miramax Studios. ... Harvey Weinstein at Cannes, 2002 Harvey Weinstein CBE (Hon) (born March 19, 1952) is an American film producer and movie studio chairman. ... Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of the field of computer graphics (or more specifically, 3D computer graphics) to special effects. ... The Massive user interface A battle simulated using Massive Massive (Multiple Agent Simulation System in Virtual Environment) is a high-end computer animation and artificial intelligence software package used for generating crowd-related visual effects for film and television. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the Gregorian calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), with 13 days remaining until the end of the year. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2005 Hugo Award with base designed by Deb Kosiba. ...

The films were met with both critical and commercial success. Jackson's adaptations garnered seventeen Oscars, four for The Fellowship of the Ring, two for The Two Towers, and eleven for The Return of the King; these covered many of the award categories.

Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

The Return of the King in fact won all of the eleven awards for which it was nominated, including Best Picture. With a total of 30 nominations, the trilogy also became the most-nominated in the Academy's history, surpassing the Godfather series' 28. Its 11 Oscars at the 2004 Academy Awards tied it for most awards won for one film with Titanic six years earlier and the 1959 version of Ben-Hur. It also broke the previous "sweep" record, beating Gigi and The Last Emperor (which each took 9 out of 9). The Return of the King also made movie history as the highest grossing film opening on a Wednesday and was the second film after Titanic to earn over US$1 billion worldwide. The Lord of the Rings film trilogy is widely and currently considered to be the most popular ^[11] and is verified to be the currently highest grossing motion picture trilogy worldwide of all time, evidenced by its earning close to $3-billion (US) ^[12], besting other notable franchises such as the original Star Wars trilogy (without adjustment for inflation) and the Harry Potter series. The film trilogy also set a record for the total number of Academy Awards won, tallying a total of seventeen Oscars. ^[13] Uploaded LOTR: The Two Towers movie poster by fair use/fair dealing usage File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Uploaded LOTR: The Two Towers movie poster by fair use/fair dealing usage File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Godfather is a three-time Academy Award-winning 1972 crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Mario Puzo — Puzo and Coppola collaborated on the screenplay. ... 76th Academy Awards Sunday, February 29, 2004 at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California Hosts Preshow: Billy Bush, Chris Connelly & Maria Menounos Show: Billy Crystal Crew Producer: Joe Roth Supervising Producer: Michael Seligman Director: Lou Horvitz Duration 3 hours, 40 minutes Network ABC The big contenders for the 76th Academy... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Ben-Hur is a 1959 epic film directed by William Wyler, and is the most popular live-action version of Lew Wallaces novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880). ... Gigi is a 1958 motion picture musical set in Paris, France. ... The Last Emperor is a 1987 biopic about the life of Pǔyí, the last Emperor of China. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Original trilogy (often OT) is: Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi See also Prequel trilogy Categories: Star Wars ... Opening logo to the Star Wars films Star Wars is an epic science fantasy saga and fictional universe created by writer/producer/director George Lucas during the late 1970s. ... This article is about the Harry Potter series of novels. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ...

Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

Critical acclaim has commonly hailed the trilogy as "the greatest films of our era," ^[14] and "the trilogy will not soon, if ever, find its equal." ^[15] Uploaded LOTR: Return of the King movie poster by fair use/fair dealing usage This work is copyrighted. ... Uploaded LOTR: Return of the King movie poster by fair use/fair dealing usage This work is copyrighted. ...

On the other hand, some readers of the book decried certain changes made in the adaptation, including changes in tone,^[16][17] various changes made to characters such as Aragorn, Arwen, Denethor and Faramir, as well as to the main protagonist Frodo himself, and the deletion of the next to the last chapter of Tolkien's work, "The Scouring of the Shire".^[18], a part he himself felt thematically necessary. Aragorn (II., son of Arathorn II.) is an important character from J. R. R Tolkiens legendarium. ... Arwen Undómiel is a character from the fictional Middle-earth universe created by J. R. R. Tolkien. ... This article is about the Steward of Gondor in the time of the War of the Ring. ... Faramir, Steward of Gondor, Prince of Ithilien and Lord of Emyn Arnen (T.A. 2983 – F.A. 82) was a wise man of nobility and the second of Denethors two sons in J. R. R. Tolkiens fantasy universe of Middle-earth. ... Frodo Baggins is one of the most significant characters in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... The Scouring of the Shire is a chapter from the fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. ...

The trilogy's defenders assert that it is a worthy interpretation of the book, most changes stemming from the filmmakers putting the book into a modern context^{[citation needed]}, rearranging the events into a chronologically linear narrative (as opposed to Tolkien separating the two main story threads into two separate parts for The Two Towers and most of The Return of the King)^{[citation needed]}, and their perceived need for developing characters further or for sheer timing issues.^{[citation needed]} In any case, the films proved popular with general audiences (i.e. non-readers) and readers alike.

Stage

Cincinnati productions

Images from the Cincinnati (2003) production of The Return of the King

Three original full-length stage adaptations of The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003) were staged in Cincinnati, Ohio. The first production, produced as a musical, unfortunately suffered from poor funding and no clear artistic vision from the producing company. The sequels, however, were well received by audiences and critics alike. All three adaptations were written by Blake Bowden, scored with a full orchestra by Grammy nominee Steve Goers and production designed by Jay Nungesser (inspired by Tolkien's original artwork). Aretta Baumgartner directed the puppetry work and was awarded a Cincinnati Entertainment Award for her portrayal of Gollum. Bowden portrayed Sam to Joe Sofranko, playing Frodo. The latter two productions were directed by actor, director, and fight choreographer Gina Cerimele-Mechley. The Return of the King was produced as the inaugural production of Clear Stage Cincinnati, and was presented at the Aronoff Center for the Arts. All three productions were endorsed by The American Hobbit Association and approved by Tolkien Enterprises. Image File history File links ROTK_Cinci. ... Image File history File links ROTK_Cinci. ... Nickname: Location in Hamilton County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio County Hamilton Founded 1788 Incorporated 1802 (village) - 1819 (city) Government  - Type Strong mayor  - Mayor Mark L. Mallory (D) Area  - City  79. ... Grammy Award statuette The Grammy Awards, presented by the Recording Academy (an association of Americans professionally involved in the recorded music industry) for outstanding achievements in the recording industry, is one of four major music awards shows held annually in the United States (the Billboard Music Awards, the American Music... Gollum is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Samwise Gamgee (T.A. 2983-F.A. 62; S.R. 1383-1482), a fictional character featured in J. R. R. Tolkiens fantasy world Middle-earth, is Frodo Baggins servant who proves to be the most loyal of the Fellowship of the Ring. ... Frodo Baggins is one of the most significant characters in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Stage Combat is a specialized method of physical theatre designed to create the illusion of physical combat for theatrical productions (or any form of dramatic production, including film and television). ... Clear Stage Cincinnati Founded in 2003, Clear Stage Cincinnati is a professional theatre company in Cincinnati, Ohio dedicated to developing and showcasing fresh new theatrical artists by providing them with a Clear Stage for the advancement of their craft. ... The Aronoff Center is a large performing arts center in Downtown Cincinnati. ... Tolkien Enterprises is a company controlled by Saul Zaentz. ...

Toronto musical

A scene from the musical.

London-based theatre producer Kevin Wallace and his partner, Saul Zaentz—stage and film rights-holder and producer of the animated film version of 1978—in association with Toronto theatre-owner David Mirvish and concert promoter Michael Cohl, have also produced a three-hour stage musical adaptation of The Lord of the Rings that has a cast of 65 actors, including Michael Therriault as Gollum, and cost approximately C$30 million (US$26.9 million). The show was written by Shaun McKenna and Matthew Warchus, with music by A. R. Rahman and Värttinä, collaborating with Christopher Nightingale. The director is Matthew Warchus; choreography is by Peter Darling; set and costume design are by Rob Howell. The production began performances on February 4, 2006, had its press opening on March 23, 2006 at Toronto's Princess of Wales Theatre, the day before its gala premiere. The production received mostly mixed to poor notices from the press.^[19][20] It was announced on June 23, 2006, that a shortened and re-written version of the show would have its European premiere on June 19, 2007, at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, London, after beginning previews on May 9, one of the longest previewing spans ever. On June 28, 2006, Kevin Wallace announced that the Toronto production would close, much earlier than originally hoped, on Sept. 3, 2006, and that it would be unable to fully repay its investors.
The London production, opening May 9th at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, will star London's original Mary Poppins, Laura Michelle Kelly as Galadriel, Malcolm Storry as Gandalf, James Loye as Frodo, Michael Therriault as Gollum, Jérôme Pradon as Aragorn and former Billy Elliot star Tim Parker as a member of the ensemble. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (897x639, 246 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Lord of the Rings User:Chensiyuan Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings Metadata This file contains... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (897x639, 246 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): The Lord of the Rings User:Chensiyuan Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings Metadata This file contains... Kevin Wallace is a former member of Andrew Lloyd Webbers Really Useful Group (RUG) and the producer of the stage adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings which debuted in Toronto on February 4, 2006. ... It has been suggested that The Saul Zaentz Film Center be merged into this article or section. ... David Mirvish wearing his Order of Ontario. ... Michael Cohl is the president of Toronto-based music promotional company The BCL Group (Ballard Cohl Labatt). ... The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history. ... Michael Therriault Michael Therriault is an actor. ... ISO 4217 Code CAD User(s) Canada Inflation 2. ... Allah Rakha Rahman (Tamil: ஏ.ஆர்.ரஹ்மான், Malayalam: à´Ž.ആര്‍‌ റഹുമാന്‍‌) (born on January 6, 1966 as A. S. Dileep Kumar in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) is a composer, best known for composing film scores and soundtracks. ... Värttinä (Finnish for spindle) is a Finnish folk music band that was started as a project by Sari and Mari Kaasinen back in 1983 in the village of Rääkkylä, in Karelia, the southeastern region of Finland. ... Matthew Warchus (Director), studied music and drama at Bristol University. ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (83rd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Princess of Wales Theatre is a 2000-seat theatre located at 300 King Street West in the heart of Torontos Entertainment District. ... The present-day Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, sketched when it was new, in 1813. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Kelly with husband Nick Winston Laura Michelle Kelly (born 1981) is an English actress and singer who achieved critical acclaim in the role of Mary Poppins in the musical of the same name. ...

Audio

1955-1956 radio play

In 1955 and 1956, the BBC broadcast The Lord of the Rings, a 12-part radio adaptation of the story. In The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien Tolkien disparages the radio dramatization of The Lord of the Rings, referring to the portrayal of Tom Bombadil as "Dreadful" and complaining bitterly about several other aspects of the dramatisation. No recording of the 1956 series is known to exist. The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion (US$7. ... During 1955 and 1956, a condensed radio dramatisation of The Lord of the Rings was broadcast in twelve episodes on BBC Radios the Third Programme. ...

1979 radio play

A 1979 dramatisation of The Lord of the Rings was broadcast in the USA and subsequently issued on tape and CD. No cast or credits appear on the audio packaging. Each of the actors was apparently recorded separately and then the various parts were edited together. Thus, unlike a BBC recording session where the actors are recorded together, none of the cast are actually interacting with each other; the performances suffer badly as a result. In 1979 the US National Public Radio broadcast a radio dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings. ...

1981 radio play

In 1981 the BBC broadcast The Lord of the Rings, a new, ambitious dramatisation in 26 half-hour installments. It stared Ian Holm as Frodo Baggins, the protagonist; he would play Bilbo Baggins, his character's cousin/uncle, in the live-action trilogy. In 1981 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a dramatisation of J. R. R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings in 26 half-hour stereo instalments. ... Sir Ian Holm Sir Ian Holm CBE (born 12 September 1931), born as Ian Holm Cuthbert, is an English actor. ... Frodo Baggins is one of the most significant characters in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ... Bilbo Baggins (2890 Third Age - ? Fourth Age) is an important character in J. R. R. Tolkiens legendarium. ...

1990 unabridged reading

In 1990 British actor Rob Inglis read/performed an unabridged version for Recorded Books. While not strictly an adaptation, Inglis created voices for all of the characters. And along with project producer Claudia Howard, created music for all of the songs, which he performed. The project took six weeks to record, plus preparation time. A year later he recorded an audio version of The Hobbit. The Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien in the tradition of the fairy tale. ...

References

June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Kenneth Turan is an American film critic, currently writing for the Los Angeles Times. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (84th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ...

External links

Official sites

• The Lord of the Rings at Ralph Bakshi.com
• Official site of the New Line Cinema films
• Official site of the Lord of the Rings stage production in Toronto, Canada
• The Return of the King stage production in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

News and fan sites

• The One Ring.net - Fan and news site relating to The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and books.
• The One Ring.com - Fan and news site relating to Tolkien's works, the New Line films and related matters; not to be confused with the above.
• Tolkien Gateway - An encyclopedia for anything related to Tolkien and his works.
• Tolkien News - News relating to The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's other works.
• Lord of the Rings Fanatics Plaza - online Tolkien fan community with role-playing games, lore discussions, debates, and much more
• Ringbearer.org - Tolkien fan community with all the latest Tolkien related news, book and movie discussions, and an active fan community.
• Council of Elrond - a fan site for the Jackson movies and books featuring news and scholarship

Informational

• The Lord of the Rings film trilogy at the Arts & Faith Top 100 Spiritually Significant Films list
• John Boorman and Rospo Pallenberg's plans for an adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, from the The One Ring.com message board
• Images from the Lord of the Rings stage production in Toronto, Canada