Adelaide of Susa (also Adelheid, Adelais, or Adeline; 1016 – 19 December 1091^[1]) was the Marchioness of Turin from 1034 to her death. She moved the seat of the march from Turin to Susa and settled the itinerant court there. George Tsul, ruler of Khazaria, is captured by a combined Byzantine-Rus force, which effectively ends Khazarias existence. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Henry, son of William I attempted a coup against his brothers but failed to seize the English throne. ... The county or march of Turin (sometimes march of Susa) was founded in 941 by Hugh of Italy, who appointed Arduin Glaber as governor of the march. ... Events April 11 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV. Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire. ... Torino redirects here. ... Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. ...

Born in Turin to Ulric Manfred II and Bertha, daughter of Oberto II around 1016, Adelaide's early life is not well-known. Her only brother predeceased her father in 1034, though she had two younger sisters, Immilla and Bertha. Thus, on Ulric's death, the great margraviate was divided between his three daughters, though the greatest part by far went to Adelaide. She received the counties of Ivrea, Auriate, Aosta, and Turin. The margravial title, however, had primarily a military purpose at the time and, thus, was not suitable for a woman. Ulric Manfred II or Olderico Manfredi II (or Manfredo Udalrico; 992 – 29 October 1034) was the Count of Turin and Margrave of Susa in the early eleventh century, one the most powerful Italian barons of his time. ... Events April 11 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium marries her chamberlain and elevates him to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael IV. Franche-Comté becomes subject to the Holy Roman Empire. ... Ivrea is a small town, with a population of slightly over 20,000 people, located in the Piemonte region of northwestern Italy. ... Aosta Aosta (French: Aoste) is the principal city of the Valle dAosta in the Italian Alps, north of Turin. ...

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, therefore arranged a marriage between Adelaide and Herman IV, Duke of Swabia, to serve as margrave of Turin after Ulric's death (1034). The two were married in January 1037, but Herman died of the plague while combatting Naples in July 1038.^[2] Conrad II (c. ... Herman IV (died 1038) was the duke of Swabia (1030–1038). ... // Events Construction of the church of Saint Sophia Cathedral is started in Kyiv. ... Naples panorama. ... Events Independent declaration of Western Xia. ...

Adelaide remarried in order to secure her vast march to Henry of Montferrat (1041), but he died in 1045 and left her a widow for the second time. Immediately, a third marriage was undertaken, this time to Otto of Savoy (1046). With Otto she had three sons, Peter I, Amadeus II, and Otto. She also had two daughters, Bertha and Adelaide. Bertha, the countess of Maurienne, married the Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, while Adelaide married Rudolf of Rheinfeld, who opposed Henry as King of Germany. Henry (died 1044 or 1045) was the son of William III of Montferrat and Waza. ... Events December 10 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V. Revolt at Worcester against the naval taxes of Harthacanute. ... Events Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan. ... Otto or Oddone in Italian, (1010 – 1060) ascended the throne after the death of his elder brother, Amedeo. ... // Events First contact between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuks. ... Peter I (d. ... Amadeus II (d. ... Bertha of Savoy, also called Bertha of Turin (21 September 1051–27 December 1087 in Mainz) was the first wife of Emperor Henry IV, and was German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. ... Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne is a commune in the upper valley of the River Arc, and the capital and name of a canton and an arrondissement (formerly in the in the Départment of Haute Savoie) of the present Savoie département, in the southeastern Rhône-Alpes region of... HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... Rudolph of Rheinfelden (German: Rudolf von Rheinfelden; c. ... The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ...

After 1060, Adelaide acted as regent for her sons. In 1068, Henry tried to divorce Bertha and consequently drove Adelaide to an intense hatred of him and his family. However, through the intervention of Bertha, Henry received Adelaide's support when he came to Italy to submit to Pope Gregory VII and Matilda of Tuscany at Canossa. Adelaide and Amadeus accompanied the humiliated emperor to Canossa. In gratitude for her mediation, Henry donated Bugey to Adelaide and her family and took back Bertha as his wife, returning to Germany. Events May - The Norman leader Robert Guiscard conquers Taranto. ... Events Emperor Go-Sanjo ascends the throne of Japan William the Conqueror takes Exeter after a brief siege Births Henry I of England (d. ... Pope Gregory VII (c. ... Matilda of Tuscany from (1115) Matilda, countess of Tuscany (1046 – July 24, 1115), called La Gran Contessa, was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. ... Canossa is a former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, situated in the foothills of the Apennines, in the province of Reggio Emilia and about eighteen miles from Parma. ... The Bugey (French: le Bugey) is a historical region in the département of Ain, France. ...

Adelaide later played the mediator between her two royal sons-in-law, Henry and the aforementioned Rudolf during the wars of the 1080s in Germany. She was an opponent of the Gregorian reform, though she honoured the papacy, and defender of the autonomy of abbacies. Gregorian Reform is generally considered named after Pope Gregory VII(1073-1085), who personally denied this, and claimed it was named after Gregory the Great. ...

In 1091, Adelaide died, to the general mourning of her people, and was buried in the parochial church of Canischio (Canisculum), a small village on the Cuorgnè in the Valle dell'Orco, to which she had retired in her later years.^[3] In the Cathedral of San Giusto in Susa, in a niche in the wall, there is a statue of walnut wood, beneath a bronze veneer, representing Adelaide, genuflecting in prayer. Above it can be read the inscription: Questa è Adelaide, cui l'istessa Roma Cole, e primo d'Ausonia onor la noma. Country Italy Region Piedmont Province Province of Turin (TO) Mayor  ? Elevation m Area 11. ... Country Italy Region Piedmont Province Province of Turin (TO) Mayor  ? Elevation m Area 19. ... The Cathedral of San Giusto is the main religious edifice in Susa, Piedmont, in northern Italy. ...

Adelaide had passed her childhood amongst the retainers of her father and had even learned the martial arts when young, bearing her own arms and armour. She was reputed to be beautiful and virtuous. She was pious, putting eternal things ahead of temporal. Strong in temperament, she did not hesitate to punish even the bishops and grandees of her realm. She patronised the minstrels and always received them at her court, urging them to compose songs emphasising religious values. She was a founder of cloisters and monasteries that transmitted the history of the region. The only failure of Adelaide's career was the loss of the County of Albon. Greatly admired in her own time, she was compared to Deborah of Biblical fame and was known affectionately as the "marchioness of the Italians." Peter Damian summed up her life and career in the admiring words: A minstrel was a bard who played songs to tell stories about other places or about historical events of the Middle Ages. ... For information on the nurse of Rebeccah, mentioned in Genesis, see Deborah (Genesis) Deborah or Dvora (דְּבוֹרָה Bee, Standard Hebrew DÉ™vora, Tiberian Hebrew Dəḇôrāh) was a prophetess and the fourth Judge and only female Judge of pre-monarchic Israel in the Old Testament (Tanakh). ... The Bible (From Greek βιβλια—biblia, meaning books, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is the sacred scripture of Christianity. ... Pietro Damiani (St Peter Damian), (c. ...

Children

Adelaide and Herman IV, Duke of Swabia had at least three children: Herman IV (died 1038) was the duke of Swabia (1030–1038). ...

• Gebhard I, Count of Sulzbach.
• Adalbert I, Count of Windberg.
• Adelheid of Swabia. Married Hermann von Peugen.

Adelaide and Otto of Savoy had five children: Otto or Oddone in Italian, (1010 – 1060) ascended the throne after the death of his elder brother, Amedeo. ...

• Peter I of Savoy.
• Amedeus II of Savoy.
• Otto, Bishop of Asti.
• Bertha of Savoy, Countess of Moriana (d. 1087) married Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Adelaide, (d. 1080) married Rudolf of Swabia (Rodolfo di Svevia in Italian).

Peter I (d. ... Amadeus II (d. ... Bertha of Savoy, also called Bertha of Turin (21 September 1051–27 December 1087 in Mainz) was the first wife of Emperor Henry IV, and was German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. ... Events May 9 - The remains of Saint Nicholas were brought to Bari. ... HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... Events William I of England, in a letter, reminds the Bishop of Rome that the King of England owes him no allegiance. ... Rudolph of Rheinfelden (in German, Rudolf von Rheinfeld, and in Italian Rodolfo di Svevia), died October 15, 1080, was Duke of Swabia (1057–1079) and German antiking (1077–1080). ...

Notes