Aden Protectorate (Arabic: عدن حماية [Ḥimāyah ʿAdan]) (ca. 285,000 km²) was a British protectorate in southern Arabia in the early and middle 20th century. Together with Aden Colony, it subsequently became known as South Arabia and later South Yemen. Today the territory forms part of the Republic of Yemen. Arabic (العربية al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... For the rule of Oliver Cromwell, see The Protectorate. ... The term the Middle East sometimes applies to the peninsula alone, but usually refers to the Arabian Peninsula plus the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Iran. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Colony of Aden (Arabic: مستعمرة عدن []) was a British crown colony from 1937 to 1963 and consisted of the port city of Aden and its immediate surroundings. ... National motto: ??? Official language Arabic Capital Aden Area 287,680 km² Population  - Total (1973)  - Density 1,590,275 5. ...

What became known as the Aden Protectorate was initially informal arrangements of protection with nine tribes in the immediate hinterland of the port city of Aden. British expansion into the area was designed to secure the important port that was, at the time, governed from British India. From 1874, these protection arrangements existed with the tacit acceptance of the Ottoman Empire that maintained suzerainty over Yemen to the north and the polities became known collectively as the "Nine Tribes" or the "Nine Cantons." They were: Viewed historically or developmentally, a tribe consists of a social formation existing before the development of, or outside of, states. ... The hinterland is the rural territory associated with an urban area, often a port. ... Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 A port is a facility at the edge of an ocean, river, or lake for receiving ships and transferring cargo and persons to them. ... Port of Aden (around 1910) Aden (Arabic: عدن []) is a city in Yemen, 105 miles East of Bab-el-Mandeb. ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (Ottoman Turkish for the Eternal State) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Constantinople (İstanbul) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 6. ... Suzerainty refers to a situation in which a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which allows the tributary some limited domestic autonomy but controls its foreign affairs. ...

• Abdali (Lahej)
• Alawi
• Amiri (Dhala)
• Aqrabi
• Aulaqi
• Fadhli
• Haushabi
• Subeihi
• Yafa

Beginning with a formal treaty of protection with the Hadhrami Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotra in 1886, Britain embarked on a slow formalization of protection arrangements that included over 30 major treaties of protection with the last signed only in 1954. These treaties, together with a number of other minor agreements, created the Aden Protectorate that extended well east of Aden to Hadhramaut and included all of the territory that would become South Yemen except for the immediate environs of Aden city known as Aden Colony. In exchange for protection, the rulers of the constituent territories agreed not to enter into agreement with or cede territory to any other foreign power. Map showing South Yemen. ... A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations. ... Hadhramaut, (also Hadramawt) a governorate of Yemen, is a coastal region of the south Arabian peninsula on the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen to the Dhofar region of Oman. ... Mahra or Al Mahrah (Arabic: المهرة) is a governorate of Yemen in the southern Arabian Peninsula. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hadhramaut, (also Hadramawt) a governorate of Yemen, is a coastal region of the south Arabian peninsula on the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Sea, extending eastwards from Yemen to the Dhofar region of Oman. ... National motto: ??? Official language Arabic Capital Aden Area 287,680 km² Population  - Total (1973)  - Density 1,590,275 5. ... The Colony of Aden (Arabic: مستعمرة عدن []) was a British crown colony from 1937 to 1963 and consisted of the port city of Aden and its immediate surroundings. ...

In 1917, control of Aden Protectorate was transferred from the Government of India to the British Foreign Office. For administrative purposes, the protectorate was informally divided into the Eastern Protectorate and the Western Protectorate, each with its own political advisor and some separation of administration. 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ... The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom abroad. ...

A postage stamp from the Aden Protectorate state of Kathiri, 1942

The Eastern Protectorate came to include the following entities: Download high resolution version (500x632, 107 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (500x632, 107 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This 1974 stamp from Japan depicts a Class 8620 steam locomotive. ...

• Kathiri
• Mahra
• Qu'aiti
• Wahidi Balhaf
• Wahidi Bir Ali

The Western Protectorate included: A postage stamp of 1942 depicts the sultan and the capital city. ... Mahra or Al Mahrah (Arabic: المهرة) is a governorate of Yemen in the southern Arabian Peninsula. ... Quaiti (Arabic: قعيطي), officially the Quaiti State in Hadhramaut or the Quaiti State of Shihr and Mukalla (Arabic: سلطنة القعيطي في الشحر و المكلا), was a sultanate in the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. ...

• Alawi
• Aqrabi
• Audhali
• Beihan
• Dathina
• Dhala
• Fadhli
• Haushabi
• Lahej
• Lower Aulaqi
• Lower Yafa
• Qutaibi dependency of Dhala
• Shaibi
• Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
• Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
• The five Upper Yafa sheikhdoms of:
  • Busi
  • Dhubi
  • Hadrami
  • Maflahi
  • Mausatta
• Upper Yafa Sultanate

The boundaries between these polities and even their number fluctuated over time. Some such as the Mahra Sultanate barely had any functioning administration at all. Not included in the protectorate were Aden Colony or the insular areas of Perim, Kamaran, and Khuriya Muriya that accrued to it. Perim is a volcanic island in the Strait of Mandeb off the southwestern coast of Yemen. ... The Khuriya Muriya Islands were known previously as the Kuria Muria Islands. ...

In 1938, Britain signed an advisory treaty with the Qu'aiti sultan and, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, signed similar treaties with twelve other protectorate states. The following were the states with advisory treaties: 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Quaiti (Arabic: قعيطي), officially the Quaiti State in Hadhramaut or the Quaiti State of Shihr and Mukalla (Arabic: سلطنة القعيطي في الشحر و المكلا), was a sultanate in the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. ... // Events and trends The 1940s were dominated by World War II, the most destructive armed conflict in history. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning...

A postage stamp from the Aden Protectorate state of Qu'aiti, 1942.

Eastern Protectorate States This 1974 stamp from Japan depicts a Class 8620 steam locomotive. ...

• Kathiri
• Mahra
• Qu'aiti
• Wahidi Balhaf

Western Protectorate States

• Audhali
• Beihan
• Dhala
• Haushabi
• Fadhli
• Lahej
• Lower Aulaqi
• Lower Yafa
• Upper Aulaqi Skeikhdom

These agreements allowed for the stationing of a Resident Advisor in the signatory states which gave the British a greater degree of control over their domestic affairs. This rationalized and stabilized the rulers’ status and laws of succession but had the effect of ossifying the leadership and encouraging official corruption. Aerial bombardment and collective punishment were sometimes used against wayward tribes to enforce the rule of Britain’s clients. British protection came to be seen as an impediment to progress, a view reinforced by the arrival of news of Arab nationalism from the outside world on newly available transistor radios. A British Resident or British Resident Minister was a British colonial official who lived and worked in smaller self-governing colonies or protectorates as a political advisor to the leader and as an ambassador of the British Government. ... In philosophy, the word rationality has been used to describe numerous religious and philosophical theories, especially those concerned with truth, reason, and knowledge. ... An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death, resignation, or removal of its current occupant. ... A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire directed against fortifications, troops or towns and buildings. ... Collective punishment is a term describing the punishment of a group of people for the crime of a few or even of one. ... Progress can refer to: The idea of a process in which societies or individuals become better or more modern (technologically and/or socially). ... Arab nationalism refers to a common nationalist ideology in wider Arab world. ... The transistor radio (or transistor) is a small radio receiver. ...

British control was also challenged by King Ahmad bin Yahya of Yemen to the north who did not recognize British suzerainty in South Arabia and had ambitions of creating a unified Greater Yemen. In the late 1940s and the early 1950s, Yemen was involved in a series of border skirmishes along the disputed Violet Line, a 1914 Anglo-Ottoman demarcation that served to separate Yemen from the Aden Protectorate. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... // Events and trends The 1940s were dominated by World War II, the most destructive armed conflict in history. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923...

In 1950, Kennedy Trevaskis, the Advisor for the Western Protectorate drew up a plan for the protectorate states to form two federations, corresponding to the two halves of the protectorate. Although little progress was made in bringing the plan to fruition, it was considered a provocation by Ahmad bin Yahya. In addition to his role as king, he also served as the imam of the ruling Zaidi branch of Shi'a Islam. He feared that a successful federation in the Shafi'i Sunnite protectorates would serve as a beacon for discontented Shafi'ites who inhabited the coastal regions of Yemen.. To conter the threat, Ahmad stepped up Yemeni efforts to undermine British control and, in the mid-1950s, Yemen supported a number of revolts by disgruntled tribes against protectorate states. The appeal of Yemen was limited initially in the protectorate but a growing intimacy between Yemen and the popular Arab nationalist president of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser and the formation of United Arab States increased its attraction. 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... A federation (from the Latin fÅ“dus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as states) united by a central (federal) government. ... Imam is an Arabic word meaning Leader. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. ... Zaiddiyah (also: Zaidi, Zaydi, Zaydiyah, or in the West Fivers)(Zaidis are Zaids descendants and Zaydiyah is a sect/followes of zaid as a imam aganist Shia Ithna Asharia) refers to a sect within Shia Islam. ... Shia Islam (Arabic: or follower. ... Shafii is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... Nasser on Time magazine, 1958 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) ‎ (January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... The United Arab States was a short-lived confederation of Syria, Egypt and North Yemen from 1958 until 1961. ...

This prodded the threatened rulers of the Aden Protectorate states to revive efforts at forming a federation and, on 11 February 1959, six of them signed an accord forming the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South. In the next three years, they were joined by nine others and, on 18 January 1963, Aden Colony was merged with the federation creating the new Federation of South Arabia. At the same time, the (mostly eastern) states that had not joined the federation became the Protectorate of South Arabia , thus ending the existence of the Aden Protectorate. February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Federation of South Arabia was an organization of colonies under British rule. ...

References and further reading

• Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• R.J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839-1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
• Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.

External links

• British-Yemeni Society
• Aden Veterans Association
• Historical Flags of Yemen