Adhan (Azaan) (أَذَان) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. The root of the word is ʼḏn "to permit", and another derivative of this word is uḏun, meaning "ear". Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals. ... Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Muslims performing salah (prayer) Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th-century Arab religious and political figure. ... Mary Magdalene in prayer. ... The müezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc. ...

Adhan is called out by the muezzin from a minaret of a mosque five times a day summoning Muslims for fard (mandatory) salah (prayers). There is a second call known as iqama that summons Muslims to line up for the beginning of the prayers. The müezzin (the word is pronounced this way Turkish, Urdu, etc. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Fard also farida (فرض obligation, duty) is an Islamic Arabic term which denotes a religious duty. ... Salat redirects here. ... The word iqama (Arabic: إقامة) refers to the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before the prayer begins. ...

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* Followers of the Maliki madhab say this line twice instead of four times. The shahadah (Arabic:  ) is the Islamic creed. ... This page deals with Islamic thought. ... Madhhab(مذهب) (Madhahib, pl) is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence (fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ...

*** The line "Prayer is better than sleep" is used only for the first prayers of the day at dawn (fajr salat).

Sunni view

Sunnis state that the adhan was not written or said by Muhammad, but by one of his Sahabah (his companions), a freed Ethiopian slave by the name of Bilal ibn Ribah. However, Muhammad did choose adhan as the Islamic call to prayer in place of the bells, horns, et cetera used by other religions. Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (Asahaaba,الصحابه) are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... Bilal (Name): Means wetting, moistening in Arabic. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... A bell is a simple sound-making device. ... A shofar in the Yemenite Jewish style. ...

During the Friday prayer (Salat Al Jummah), there are two adhans; the first is to call the people to the mosque, the second is said before the Imam begins the khutbah (sermon). Just before the prayers start, someone recites the iqama as in all prayers. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Khutba is an Islamic sermon delivered after or before Salah. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ...

Shia view

Shi'a sources state that it is Muhammad who, according to God's command, ordered the adhan as a means of calling Muslims to prayer. Shi'a Islam teaches that no one else contributed, or had any authority to contribute, towards the composition of the adhan. Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ...

Shi'a Islam teaches that God appoints an Imam on Earth for every generation. It teaches that although Muhammad is God's final Prophet and Messenger, Ali was (either the first of God's twelve, Ithna'ashari Isalm) or the first of the Imam to succeed Muhammad in order to maintain the Muslim nation as it was perfected by the seal of the Prophets; Muhammed. Ismaili muslim today have an Imam to guide them. See also: Imamah (Shia doctrine) This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... Ali ibn Abi Talib (علي بن أبي طالب) (c. ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ...

Form of the Adhan

A call to prayer in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

Each phrase is followed by a longer pause and is repeated one or more times according to fixed rules. During the first statement each phrase is limited in tonal range, less melismatic, and shorter. Upon repetition the phrase is longer, ornamented with melismas, and may possess a tonal range of over an octave. The adhan's musical form is characterized by contrast and contains twelve melodic passages which move from one to another tonal center of one maqam a fourth or fifth apart. The tempo is mostly slow; it may be faster and with fewer melismas for the sunset prayer. During festivals, it may be performed antiphonally as a duet (Touma, 1996; p. 157-158). Salafists, such as the Wahhabis of Saudi Arabia, prefer to issue the adhan in a monotone, considering any verbal elaborations to be makrouh (permissible but discouraged)—or haraam (forbidden) if the meaning of the words is altered. [1] A mullah calls Muslims to prayer in Bukhara. ... A mullah calls Muslims to prayer in Bukhara. ... Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро; Persian: , Buxârâ; Uzbek: ; Russian: ), from the Soghdian βuxārak (lucky place), is the fifth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat). ... In music a phrase is a section of music that is relatively self contained and coherent over a medium time scale. ... A rest is an interval of silence in a piece of music, marked by a sign indicating the length of the pause. ... The term statement can have several meanings: In programming, a statement is an instruction to execute something that will not return a value. ... Look up Repetition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In music, an octave (sometimes abbreviated 8ve) is the interval between one musical note and another with half or double its frequency. ... The term musical form refers to two related concepts: the type of composition (for example, a musical work can have the form of a symphony, a concerto, or other generic type -- see Multi-movement forms below) the structure of a particular piece (for example, a piece can be written in... In music and musical form, procedures of contrast include stratification, juxtaposition, and interpolation. ... The tonic is the first note of a musical scale, and in the tonal method of music composition it is extremely important. ... In Arabic music a maqaam (Arabic: ‎, Hebrew: ) is, a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and which is unique to Arabian art music. ... The perfect fourth or diatessaron, abbreviated P4, is one of two musical intervals that span four diatonic scale degrees; the other being the augmented fourth, which is one semitone larger. ... The perfect fifth or diapente is one of three musical intervals that span five diatonic scale degrees; the others being the diminished fifth, which is one semitone smaller, and the augmented fifth, which is one semitone larger. ... The first two measures of Mozarts Sonata XI, which indicates the tempo as Andante grazioso and a modern editors metronome marking: = 120. “Andante” redirects here. ... In music, melisma (commonly known as vocal runs or simply runs) is the technique of changing the note (pitch) of a syllable of text while it is being sung. ... An antiphon is a response, usually sung in Gregorian chant, to a psalm or some other part of a religious service, such as at Vespers or at a Mass. ... Duet may refer to: Duet, musical form Duet, Fox sitcom This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A Salafi (Arabic سلفي referring to early Muslim), from the Arabic word Salaf سلف (literally meaning predecessors or early generations), is an adherent of a contemporary movement in Sunni Islam that is sometimes called Salafism or Wahhabism. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... Monotone refers to a sound, for example speech or music, that has a single unvaried tone. ... In Islamic context, a Makrouh is a disliked or offensive act. ... harām (Arabic: حرام Ḥarām, Turkish: Haram, Malay: Haram) is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ...

Dua after Adhan

The following dua is optionally read by Muslims after the adhan is recited. For other uses, see Dua (disambiguation). ...

O God! Lord of this complete call and prayers of ours, by the blessing of it (Allahumma rabba hadhi-hid dawa-tit-tamma wa-salatil qae-ma) اللهم رب هذه الدعوة التامة والصلاة القائمة

Give to Muhammad his eternal rights of intercession (Ati muhammadanil wasilata wal fadeela) آت محمداً الوسيلة و الفضيلة

And raise him to the promised rank you have promised him (Wab ath-hu maqamam-mahmuda-nil ladhi wa at-ta) وابعثه مقاماً محموداً الذي وعدته

The Adhan in the Republic of Turkey

During the 1920s and 1930s, the government of İsmet İnönü(2nd President of Republic of Turkey) imposed a Turkish language adhan in place of the traditional Arabic; as an attempt, and only -relatively- successful one, at promoting Turkish as a liturgical language; to the widespread dismay of the public. The prohibition of the Arabic adhan was repealed on June 6, 1950, after an opposition election victory. The 1920s is a decade that is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Face The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Turkish (, ) is a language spoken by 65–73 million people worldwide, predominantly in Turkey, with smaller communities of speakers in Cyprus, Greece and Eastern Europe, as well as by several million immigrants in Western Europe, particularly Germany, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. ... A sacred language is a language, frequently a dead language, that is cultivated for religious reasons by people who speak another language in their daily life. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Iqama
• Salaat

The word iqama (Arabic: إقامة) refers to the second call to Islamic Prayer, given immediately before the prayer begins. ... Salah (other terms and spellings exist) (Arabic: صلاه , Old (Quran) Arabic: صلوة ) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. ...

Sources

• Touma, Habib Hassan (1996) The Music of the Arabs, new expanded edition, translated by Laurie Schwartz, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, ISBN 0-931340-88-8
• http://www.iad.org/Pillars/athan.html

External links

• Phonetic search engine for World Prayer Times, includes Millions of Cities world wide
• Call for prayers according to the five school of thought: A Shi'ite Encyclopedia
• Audio files of famous Shia and Sunni Adhans
• Pray Times! A Firefox extension displaying prayer times in any location
• Prayer time for any location
• Adhan: The Call to Prayer (suficenter.org)
• Islam Way Online - Allah Muslims Spiritual Healing and al Quran
• Audio files of Shia Adhans (Arabic)
• Web page including audio files of Adhan
• Another Web page including audio files of Adhan
• Audio files of Adhans around the Islamic world together with a variety of other Islamic Multimedia
• Azan: a call to prayer: Film about a young Shia Muslim teenager growing up in East London made by Redcurrent Films
• Adhan with Arabic,rominization,and English subtitles.