Adhemar (also known as Adémar, Aimar, or Aelarz) de Monteil (d. August 1, 1098), one of the principal personages of the First Crusade, was bishop of Puy_en_Velay from before 1087.

At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade, and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II, he accompanied Raymond IV, count of Toulouse, to the east. While Raymond and the other leaders often conflicted with each other over the leadership of the Crusade, Urban felt that Adhemar was the true leader, reflecting what Urban believed to be a spiritual campaign.

Adhemar negotiated with Alexius I Comnenus at Constantinople, re-established at Nicaea some discipline among the crusaders, and was largely responsible for the successes during the siege of Antioch. After the capture of the city in June, 1098, and the subsequent siege led by Kerbogha, Adhemar organized a procession through the streets, and had the gates locked so that the Crusaders, many of whom had begun to panic, would be unable to desert the city. He was extremely skeptical of Peter Bartholomew's discovery in Antioch of the Holy Lance, especially because he knew such a relic already existed in Constantinople; however, he was willing to let the Crusader army believe it was real if it raised their morale.

When Kerbogha was defeated, Adhemar organized a council in an attempt to settle the leadership disputes, but he died on August 1, 1098, probably of typhus. The disputes among the higher nobles went unsolved, and the march to Jerusalem was delayed for months. However, the lower class foot soldiers continued to think of Adhemar as a leader; some of them claimed to have been visited by his ghost during the siege of Jerusalem, and reported that Adhemar instructed them to hold another procession around the walls. This was done, and Jerusalem was taken by the Crusaders in 1099.

External link

• Urban's letter of December 1095 appointing Adhemar (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-5vers.html)

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.