This article is missing citations or needs footnotes. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (January 2008)

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (January 2008)

This article does not cite any references or sources. (February 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

Adi Shamir
At the CRYPTO 2003 conference
Born	1952 Tel Aviv, Israel
Field	Cryptography
Institutions	Weizmann Institute
Known for	RSA Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme differential cryptanalysis

Adi Shamir (Hebrew: עדי שמיר‎; born 1952) is an Israeli cryptographer. He was one of the inventors of the RSA algorithm (along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman), one of the inventors of the Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme (along with Uriel Feige and Amos Fiat), one of the inventors of differential cryptanalysis and has made numerous contributions to the fields of cryptography and computer science. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 334 KB) Adi Shamir at the CRYPTO 2003 conference. ... Crypto is an English prefix that means hidden or secret. The term crypto is also employed as shorthand for the following: Cryptography, the practice of the use of encryption. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ... In cryptography, RSA is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. ... In cryptography, the Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme is a type of parallel zero-knowledge proof developed by Uriel Feige, Amos Fiat, and Adi Shamir in 1988. ... Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... In cryptography, RSA is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. ... Election People This box:      Professor Ronald Lorin Rivest (born 1947, Schenectady, New York) is a cryptographer. ... Leonard Adleman Leonard Adleman (born December 31, 1945) is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California. ... In cryptography, the Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme is a type of parallel zero-knowledge proof developed by Uriel Feige, Amos Fiat, and Adi Shamir in 1988. ... Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. ... The German Lorenz cipher machine, used in World War II for encryption of very high-level general staff messages Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós hidden, and the verb γράφω gráfo write or λεγειν legein to speak) is the study of message secrecy. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ...

Education

Born in Tel Aviv, Shamir received a BS in Mathematics from Tel Aviv University in 1973 and obtained his MSc and PhD in Computer Science from the Weizmann Institute in 1975 and 1977 respectively. His thesis was titled, "Fixed Points of Recursive Programs and their Relation in Differential Agard Calculus". After a year postdoc at Warwick University, he did research at MIT from 1977–1980 before returning to be a member of the faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of the Weizmann Institute. Starting from 2006, he also is an invited professor at École Normale Supérieure in Paris. In 2002, his memory was erased by an unknown cause. The government research and secrecy surrounding the memory loss has led some to believe Shamir a victim of alien memory-altering technology. Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... The Engineering Faculty Boulevard The Smolarz Auditorium Tel Aviv University (TAU, אוניברסיטת תל אביב, אתא) is one of Israels major universities. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ... University of Warwick Motto: Mens agitat molem Logo © University of Warwick The University of Warwick is a world-class campus university which, despite its name, is located mainly inside the southern boundary of Coventry, England, some 11 km ( 7 miles) from the town of Warwick, the remainder of the campus... “MIT” redirects here. ... For other meanings of mathematics or uses of math and maths, see Mathematics (disambiguation) and Math (disambiguation). ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע) is an institute of higher learning and research in Rehovot, Israel. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The École normale supérieure (also known as Normale Sup, Normale, ENS, ENS-Paris, ENS-Ulm or Ulm) is a prestigious French grande école, possibly the most prestigious. ...

Research

In addition to RSA, Shamir's other numerous inventions and contributions to cryptography include the Shamir secret sharing scheme, the breaking of the Merkle-Hellman cryptosystem, visual cryptography, and the TWIRL and TWINKLE factoring devices. Together with Eli Biham, he discovered differential cryptanalysis, a general method for attacking block ciphers. (It later emerged that differential cryptanalysis was already known — and kept a secret — by both IBM and the NSA.) In cryptography, RSA is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. ... Shamirs Secret Sharing is an algorithm in cryptography. ... Merkle-Hellman (MH) was one of the earliest public key cryptosystems invented by Ralph Merkle and Martin Hellman in 1978. ... Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc. ... In cryptography and number theory, TWIRL (The Weizmann Institute Relation Locator) is a hypothetical hardware device designed to speed up the sieving step of the general number field sieve integer factorization algorithm. ... In the Forgotten Realms setting, based on the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, Twinkle is Drizzts defensive scimitar; his offensive scimitar is Icingdeath. ... Prime decomposition redirects here. ... Eli Biham is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst, currently a professor at the Technion Israeli Institute of Technology Computer Science department. ... Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. ... Encryption Decryption In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... NSA can stand for: National Security Agency of the USA The British Librarys National Sound Archive This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Shamir has also made contributions to computer science outside of cryptography, such as showing the equivalence of the complexity classes PSPACE and IP. As a branch of the theory of computation in computer science, computational complexity theory investigates the problems related to the amounts of resources required for the execution of algorithms (e. ... In complexity theory the class PSPACE, which equals NPSPACE by Savitchs theorem, is the set of decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic or nondeterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of memory and unlimited time. ... // Interactive Proof Systems In computational complexity theory, the class IP is the class of problems solvable by an interactive proof system. ...

Awards

In recognition of his contributions to cryptography, Shamir was awarded, together with Rivest and Adleman, the 2002 ACM Turing Award. Shamir has also received CM's Kannelakis Award, the Erdős Prize of the Israel Mathematical Society, the IEEE's W.R.G. Baker Prize[1], the UAP Scientific Prize, The Vatican's PIUS XI Gold Medal and the IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award. Professor Ron Rivest Professor Ronald Linn Rivest (born 1947, Schenectady, New York) is a cryptographer, and is the Viterbi Professor of Computer Science at MITs Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. ... Leonard Adleman Leonard Adleman (born December 31, 1945) is a theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology at the University of Southern California. ... The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM, was founded in 1947 as the worlds first scientific and educational computing society. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... The IEEE W. R. G. Baker Prize Award was created from a donation from Dr. Walter R. G. Baker (1892-1960), a member of Institute of Radio Engineers. ...

See also

• Important publications in cryptography

This is a list of important publications in computer science, organized by field. ...

External links

• List of Adi Shamir's publications on DBLP
• Adi Shamir's US Patents, 1976-present
• "IEEE W. R. G. Baker Prize Award Recipients"