NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Administration for Western Armenia

The Armenian provisional government (see Western) with the progressive autonomous region^[1] that initially set up around of Lake Van, which later at the end of World War I officiated as "Wilsonian Armenia" in Treaty of Sèvres. It was initially referred as Free Vaspurakan;^[2] after a setback during Battle of Van, was reestablished in June 1916 as "Administration for Western Armenia" (see Transcaucasia) under the war zone. During the initial stages of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (see separate administration), it was included with other Armenian National Councils under a unified Armenia. Aram Manougian was its most famous leader, from the early Van Resistance to its end as minister of ADR, which his contributions named him as famous "Aram of Van". This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Van (Armenian ) is a city in eastern Turkey and the seat of Van Province, and is located on the eastern shore of Lake Van. ... A government is a body that has the power to make, and the authority to enforce rules and laws within a civil, corporate, religious, academic, or other organization or group. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... Lake Van from space, September 1996 Lake Van Landsat photo Lake Van (Turkish: Van GÃ¶lÃ¼, in Armenian: ÕŽÕ¡Õ¶Õ¡ Õ¬Õ«Õ³) is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... The Treaty of SÃ¨vres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in SÃ¨vres, France. ... Background by April 1915, the Armenians had already donated their grains, their food, their warehouse supplies, money and men to the Ottoman war effort. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Armenian National Council is a general term that might refer to Armenian National Council of Karabagh, Armenian National Council of Baku or Armenian National Council of Tiflis which all of them are united under Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians. ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Armenian residents of Van Commanders Jevdet Bey Armenak Yekaryan Strength 12,000 1,500 Casualties ? 12,000 ? (mass civilian casualties) For the conflict of 1896 see Defense of Van. ...

This provisional government stabilized itself using the Armenian volunteer units. Did overcome the Ottoman's in the region and declared their own administrative structure A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI...

Population distribution

It was no surprise that the provisional government was formed in this region as Armenian population of Van has the highest ratio in Western Armenia. Ottomans statistics were based on the Millet (Ottoman Empire) structure, so 1914 population statistics for the city of Van and its regions contained 67,792 Christian (Armenians and others) and 179,389 Muslims (Kurds and others). According to Armenian resources, the real size of the Armenian population was close to 46% of the whole population, whatever it was. now. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A van is a vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. ...

The difference between representation and size of the population should be noted. Another criteria to look at the population distribution is from economical outputs. Even if the Armenian population size does not reach to be the majority, 80% of the trade, profits, crafts were performed by Armenians. Most of the educated people was also belong to either Hnchakian or Armenian Revolutionary Federation committees. The mayor of Van was an Armenian, Bedros Kapamaciyan, which could be taken as the major power were Armenians. The Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, also known as the Hentchak, is the oldest political party in Armenia. ... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism[2] International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia â€“ 11 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh â€“ 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon â€“ 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official Web Site... A van is a vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. ... Bedros Kapamajian (Armenian: , Turkish: Bedros KapamacÄ±yan) was born on 1840 and assassinated in 1912. ...

History

The organization is formed after the revolt at Van, around April 1915. Dominant representation was from Armenian Revolutionary Federation. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism[2] International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia â€“ 11 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh â€“ 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon â€“ 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official Web Site...

Formation, 1915

Following days of August 19 Ottoman 10th core from Mesopotamian, ordered to dismember the organization. However, most historians agree that the Armenians felt like a change and went to provinces of the mountains to defend themselves against the Armenian Revolutionary Federation|ARF]] ordered the Aram Manougian to be in control of the "provisional government" until 1917, which then he moved to Tiblisi to become the representative of Armenian National Council of Karabagh which will form the Democratic Republic of Armenia. August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is an article about the ancient middle eastern region. ... Shows the Location of the Province Van Van is a province in eastern Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... The Armenian National Council of Karabagh was established in September, 1918 from renaming of the Peoples Government of Karabagh. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of...

Expansion, 1916

The Russians soon returned to the city. In 1916, Western Armenia gained an Armenian control with the official establishment of Administration for Western Armenia, some sources refer to it as the first republic of Armenia. The only bright spot for the Ottomans during 1916-17 was General Mustafa Kemal's reconquest of Mush and Bitlis in August of 1916. The Russians drove Kemal's troops out of these towns at the end of the autumn. Fighting around the east side of Lake Van continued throughout the summer of 1917 but was inconclusive. now. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Shows the Location of the Province MuÅŸ MuÅŸ (alternative transliteration: Mush) is a province in eastern Turkey. ... Bitlis is a city in Turkey, capital of Bitlis Province. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...

Building the frontline, 1917

The Russian Revolution of 1917 changed the political and military structure of the region. On the eve of 1917, the Russian army in the Caucasus was organized along national and ethnic lines, such as the Armenian volunteer units,^[3] with General Movses Silikian. The disintegration of the imperial army was partly blamed on this national formation. On the other hand, this organization gave a chance for the Confederation of Armenian parties to develop an organized armed structure, instead of working in militias. In 1922, the Democratic Republic of Armenia was reoccupied by Russian forces(see last flare) and the Armenian commanders of Armenian volunteer units of initial years who had acted on a national goal (playing a pivotal role in the formation of both the First Armenian Republic of 1915 and the Democratic Republic of Armenia) were punished, such as Garegin Njdeh. This picture was eminent to Ottomans during the initial years of World War I. The Ottomans believed that the Caucasus campaign was formed by Armenians, since the units they faced were Armenian volunteers. Image File history File links PathtoWilsonianArmenia. ... Image File history File links PathtoWilsonianArmenia. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan (Armenian: , Russian: , Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... Garegin Njdeh Garegin Njdeh (Armenian: , real name Garegin Ter-Harutiunian, 1 January 1886 - late 1955) was an Armenian statesman, military, and political thinker, native of Nakhichevan. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Enver Pasha Vehip Pasha Kerim Pasha Mustafa Kemal KazÄ±m Karabekir Kress von Kressenstein Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov Nikolai Yudenich Andranik Ozanian Drastamat Kanayan Garegin Njdeh Movses Silikyan Lionel Dunsterville The Caucasus Campaign was fought from 1914 until 1918 in the... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom...

In December, 1917, regular Russian regiments were deserting the frontline. In this situation the army corps in this frontline realigned themselves under the command of General Tovmas Nazarbekian, with Dro as a civilian commissioner. The frontline had three main divisions: Movses Silikyan, Adrianic and Mikhail Areshian. Another regular unit was under Colonel Korganian. There were Armenian partisan guerrilla detachments accompanying these main units. The line from Van to Erzincan was organized through these units. Ottomans had to be stopped with 1/3 to 1/4 (without location information, it was mentioned that Adrianic had 150,000 men) of the previous uprising levels with 300 mile frontline (high mountain area, with specific gateways). Tovmas Nazarbekian (Nazarbekov) (1855 - 1928) armenian, general in the Russain Army who was the governor of Free Vaspurakan. ... General Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: , known as General Dro, Ô´Ö€Õ¸, May 31, 1884 â€“ March 8, 1956), was an Armenian politician, revolutionary, general and commander of the Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany. ... Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan (Armenian: , Russian: , Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. ... Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (Armenian: or Ô¶Õ¸Ö€Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Ô±Õ¶Õ¤Ö€Õ¡Õ¶Õ«Õ¯) (February 25, 1865 â€“ August 31, 1927) was an Armenian general and freedom fighter who was a national hero with big admiration. ... Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (Armenian: or Ô¶Õ¸Ö€Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Ô±Õ¶Õ¤Ö€Õ¡Õ¶Õ«Õ¯) (February 25, 1865 â€“ August 31, 1927) was an Armenian general and freedom fighter who was a national hero with big admiration. ...

Losing the grounds, 1918

On the Eastern Armenia side a Russian Provisional Government was established in 1917. The Armenians learned that the Grand Duke Nicholas and the OSAKOM (особый Закавказский Комитет, transliteration: osobyy Zakavkazskiy Komitet (OZAKOM), translation: Special Transcaucasus Committee) were not going to keep his promise of helping the Armenians to move back from the Caucasus refugee camps to their homeland. The Armenians (in their thousands), who moved to their hometowns with their own resources found out that Russian soldiers had left their posts and returned to their hometowns.^[4] Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Eastern Armenia or Russian Armenia is the portion of Ottoman Armenia that was ceded to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich. ...

Under the provisional government of the OSAKOM, elections were held for a Duma for the Transcaucasus. Determined to defend their people, the Armenian National Councils of the Russian Empire merged into the Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians. The Congress had its representatives on the Duma join their colleagues in declaring the independence of the Transcaucasus from Russia. Once free of Russia, the Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians(ACEA) established the Democratic Republic of Armenia from the Armenian regions of the Transcaucasus. The ACEA first devised policies to direct the war effort, and the relief and repatriation of refugees. The Congress passed a law organizing the defence of the Caucasus against the Ottoman Empire using the vast quantity of supplies and ammunition left by the Russian army. The Congress also selected a fifteen member permanent executive committee, known as the Armenian National Council. The chairman of this committee was Avetis Aharonian. The committee’s first task was to set the stage and then declare the Democratic Republic of Armenia, which at that time the Administration for Western Armenia was claimed to be a part of. The claim become official with the recognition of the Wilsonian Armenia. Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians was established at October 1917. ... Armenian National Council is a general term that might refer to Armenian National Council of Karabagh, Armenian National Council of Baku or Armenian National Council of Tiflis which all of them are united under Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians. ... Avedis Aharonian Avetis Aharonian (Armenian: ) (1866 - March 20, 1948) was an Armenian politician, writer, public figure and revolutionary, also part of the Armenian national movement. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration...

While the new state was forming, the border that was drawn by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and signed on 3 March 1918, only lasted until May. From May to 30 October, the Ottoman Empire struggled against the Democratic Republic of Armenia, and pushed the border to the east. The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of...

Conditions in the resistance of March 1918 was best explained by R.G. Hovannisian: "In the summer of 1918 the Armenian National council reluctantly transferred from Tiflis to Yerevan to take over the leadership of the republic from the popular dictator Aram Manukian and the renowned military commander Drastamat Kanayan. It then began the daunting process of establishing a national administrative machinery in an isolated and landlocked misery. This was not the autonomy or independence of which Armenian intellectuals had dreamed and for which a generation of youth had been sacrificed. Yet, as it happened, it was here that the Armenian people were destined to continue its national existence".^[5] Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... General Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: , known as General Dro, Ô´Ö€Õ¸, May 31, 1884 â€“ March 8, 1956), was an Armenian politician, revolutionary, general and commander of the Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany. ...

Enver Pasha was the War Minister for the Ottoman Empire at that time, and sent the newly established Army of Islam to Armenia. Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and the Kurdish irregulars, the Republic was forced to withdraw from Erzincan to Erzurum. In the end, the Republic had to evacuate Erzurum as well. With all the units gathered in Sardarapat, the Battle of Sardarapat (May 22-26 1918), proved that General Movses Silikian could cause an Ottoman retreat. Ismail Enver Ismail Enver, known to Europeans during his political career as Enver Pasha ( Istanbul, November 22, 1881 - August 4, 1922) was a military officer and a leader of the Young Turk revolution in the closing days of the Ottoman Empire. ... ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... In 1918, Enver Pasha, the War Minister for the Ottoman Empire ordered the creation of a new military force. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Erzincan (also Erzingan or Erzinjan, ÔµÖ€Õ¦Õ¶Õ¯Õ¡ (Erznka) in Armenian) is the capital of Erzincan Province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Vahib Pasha Movses Silikian Strength Third Army 100,000 [2] 40,000 Casualties 30,000 30,000 30,000 Armenian civilian casualties The Battle of Sardarabad was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the... Movses Silikyan Movses Silikyan (Armenian: , Russian: , Movses Silikov) (1862 - 1937) was a famed Armenian general and national hero, Major General in the Russian army and subsequently in the Armenian army. ...

Further southeast, in Van, the Armenians resisted the Turkish army until April 1918, but were eventually forced to evacuate it and withdraw to Persia. The Azerbaijani Tatars sided with the Ottoman Empire and seized the lines of communication, thus cutting off the Armenian National Councils in Baku and Erevan from the National Council in Tiflis. The British sent a small military force under the command of General Lionel Charles Dunsterville into Baku, which arrived around 4 August, 1918. This unit showed no opposition to marching Ottomans. With the Armistice of Mudros, Enver Pasha's movement disintegrated.^[6] Armenian National Council is a general term that might refer to Armenian National Council of Karabagh, Armenian National Council of Baku or Armenian National Council of Tiflis which all of them are united under Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians. ... Municipality: Baku Area: 260 kmÂ² Altitude: -28 m Population: 2,074,300 census 2003 Population density: 1280 persons/kmÂ² Postal Code: AZ10 Area code: +99412 Municipality code: BA Latitude: 40Â° 23 N Longitude: 49Â° 52 E Mayor: Hajibala Abutalybov The Baku region. ... Yerevan (Armenian: Երեվան or Երևան; sometimes written as Erevan; former names include Erivan and Erebuni) (population: 1,201,539 (1989 census); 1,088,300 (2004 estimate)[1]) is the largest city and capital of Armenia. ... View of Tiflis from the Grounds of Saint David Church, ca. ... ... Municipality: Baku Area: 260 kmÂ² Altitude: -28 m Population: 2,074,300 census 2003 Population density: 1280 persons/kmÂ² Postal Code: AZ10 Area code: +99412 Municipality code: BA Latitude: 40Â° 23 N Longitude: 49Â° 52 E Mayor: Hajibala Abutalybov The Baku region. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port...

On 30 October 1918 the Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros with the Triple Entente and its military activity in this region ceased. October 30 is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 62 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Administration

Governors

Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... Tovmas Nazarbekian (Nazarbekov) (1855 - 1928) armenian, general in the Russain Army who was the governor of Free Vaspurakan. ... Andranik Toros Ozanian, or Zoravar Andranik, (Armenian: or Ô¶Õ¸Ö€Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Ô±Õ¶Õ¤Ö€Õ¡Õ¶Õ«Õ¯) (February 25, 1865 â€“ August 31, 1927) was an Armenian general and freedom fighter who was a national hero with big admiration. ...

Civil Affairs

Hakob Zavriev was a great Armenian politician that negotiated the independence in the Armenian foreign policy with Poghos Nubar. ...

Civil Commissioner (as part of ADR)

General Drastamat Kanayan (Armenian: , known as General Dro, Ô´Ö€Õ¸, May 31, 1884 â€“ March 8, 1956), was an Armenian politician, revolutionary, general and commander of the Armenian Legion of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany. ...

Policies

The government's first act was to divide up all Russian property between Armenian adults (women not included). Most of the formerly Russian farms were turned into communal farms, resulting in over 40% of the population of Van leaving the city to go work on the farms. The Armenian government started a weapons and ammunition industry. Most of the formerly Russian mines were scrapped into scrap metal and used for building projects in Van. The Russian soldiers were unpaid and it became common practice for them to steal from the Armenians. The Armenian government tried to impose taxes but most of the Armenians ignored the tax collectors.

1917

In 1917 some 150,000 Armenians relocated to the provinces of Erzurum, Bitlis, Mush and Van.^[7] The Armenians began to build their houses and create their farmlands in preparation for the 1917 autumn harvest. The prospect of a new autonomous state in this region was looking favorable for the provisional governor, Aram Manougian, (Turkish sources name him as "Aram Pasha"). Administration was in a favorable place between the Russia and Ottoman Empire. After the hard times of the 1915 and 1916 events of the Van Resistance, 1917 was the year things were getting very stable on the front line, but political perspective began to change one more time, as Russia was changing. In preparation of the change Armen Garo (famous Karekin Pastirmaciyan) and other spokesmen asked Armenian regulars in the European theater to be to be transferred to the Caucasus front. This move was aimed to increase the stability and protection of the new establishment. Armenian soldiers began to create a strongmen between the Ottoman Army and Armenian front, which will be shortly (Russian Revolution of 1917) only defense against the Ottoman Army. Image File history File links Russian-Caucas-Front-1916. ... Image File history File links Russian-Caucas-Front-1916. ... Aram Manougian Aram Manougian, (born:1879) or less known as Sarkis Hovanessian. He is also known as Aram of Van. He is an Armenian patriot and revolutionary who is credited as a political, military and spiritual leader of Armenian people. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Armenian residents of Van Commanders Jevdet Bey Armenak Yekaryan Strength 12,000 1,500 Casualties ? 12,000 ? (mass civilian casualties) For the conflict of 1896 see Defense of Van. ... Karekin Pastermajian (Armen Garo) Karekin Pastermadjian, more famously known by his nom de guerre Armen Garo, was one of the distinguished leaders of the ARF and an ambassador. ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ...

Humanitarian Issues

A famine caused by drought left many Armenians starving. An outbreak of polio killed 20% of the Armenian population and, to add to the Armenian troubles. Poliomyelitis (polio), or infantile paralysis, is a viral paralytic disease. ...

Recognition Efforts

The Administration for Western Armenia, being part of Democratic Republic of Armenia had a setback with the Treaty of Batum. Image File history File links PathtoWilsonianArmenia. ... Image File history File links PathtoWilsonianArmenia. ... National motto: n/a Language Armenian (official) Capital Yerevan Independence From Imperial Russia, 1918 Currency Armenian dram National anthem Mer Hayrenik The Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA; Armenian: Ô´Õ¥Õ´Õ¸Õ¯Ö€Õ¡Õ¿Õ¡Õ¯Õ¡Õ¶ Õ€Õ¡ÕµÕ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun; also known as the First Republic of Armenia), 1918â€“1922, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of... Treaty of Batum, June 4, 1918, a treaty between Democratic Republic of Armenia and Ottoman Empire. ...

Paris Conference, 1919

This area stayed outside the control of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 3 years, (1915-18). The ARF's achievement was including their activity region during this period in the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Armenian Diaspora defended the argument that it was natural to extend it to Armenian control, as after the Russian Revolution this region was controlled by Armenian volunteer units and later Armenia. The Armenian "provisional government" that was set up used as an argument "the ability to control the region" in Wilsonian Armenia. A secondary argument developed during this period was the dominant population becoming Armenian as the Turkish inhabitants of the region moved to the western provinces. With the defeat of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, the triple Entente Powers try to determine the fate of Anatolia. The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference organized by the victors of World War I to negotiate the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism[2] International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia â€“ 11 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh â€“ 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon â€“ 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official Web Site... The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference organized by the victors of World War I to negotiate the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers. ... Map of the Armenian diaspora. ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Wilsonian Armenia

Paris Peace Conference established the fact that Russia has the right determine its own boarders. The Treaty of SÃ¨vres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in SÃ¨vres, France. ... Image File history File links First_republic_of_Armenia-west_boarders_by_Woodrow_Wilson. ... Image File history File links First_republic_of_Armenia-west_boarders_by_Woodrow_Wilson. ... The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference organized by the victors of World War I to negotiate the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers. ...

During the Conference of London, David Lloyd George encouraged Wilson to accept a mandate for Anatolia, and particularly with the support of Armenian diaspora for the provinces claimed by Administration for Western Armenia. Wilson send two commissions (King-Crane Commission and General James Harbord) to understand what is behind the claims of Armenian diaspora, and if these claims fit to Fourteen Points. King-Crane Commission tackled the issue of whether there should be an Armenian state, or if it should be under US mandate. James Harbord hold the position that he would not recommend a division, which might bring other problems. Harbord's report stated that "the temptation to reprisals for past wrongs" would make it extremely difficult to maintain peace in the region. King-Crane Commission came to the conclusion that there should be one. While one explanation might be mere favoritism (the Armenians were generally Christian), the arguments used for an Armenian state are quite similar to later arguments for the existence of Israel after World War II (except that the Armenians were already living in the territory designated for their state). The report noted that the Armenians had suffered a traumatic experience, that they couldn't trust the Ottoman Empire to respect their rights anymore, and that they were "a people." Therefore, Armenian independence should be respected and insured. The Woodrow Wilson agreed to transfer what will be named as "Wilsonian Armenia" back to the Armenians in the Treaty of Sèvres. The Conference of London (February 21 and March 12 1921 and March 1922, London, Great Britian) of the post-World War I Allied conference to push the conditions of the Treaty of SÃ¨vres to Turkish Revolutionaries. ... David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM, PC (17 January 1863 â€“ 26 March 1945) was a British statesman who guided Britain and the British Empire through World War I and the postwar settlement as the Liberal Party Prime Minister, 1916-1922. ... Map of the Armenian diaspora. ... The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former Ottoman Empire, in order to inform American policy with regard to the future of the region regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. ... James Harbord was a U.S. Army officer and a business executive. ... Map of the Armenian diaspora. ... United States President Woodrow Wilson listed the Fourteen Points in a speech that he delivered to the United States Congress on January 8, 1918. ... The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former Ottoman Empire, in order to inform American policy with regard to the future of the region regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. ... James Harbord was a U.S. Army officer and a business executive. ... The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former Ottoman Empire, in order to inform American policy with regard to the future of the region regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 â€“ February 3, 1924), was the 28th President of the United States. ... The Treaty of SÃ¨vres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in SÃ¨vres, France. ...

Armenia claimed to be tolerant of minorities (Muslims). President Wilson’s acceptance letter (for drawing the frontier), to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 said: "The world expects of them (the Armenians), that they give every encouragement and help within their power to those Turkish refugees who may desire to return to their former homes in the districts of Trebizond, Erzerum, Van and Bitlis remembering that these peoples, too, have suffered greatly."^[8] Today, as a continuation of the initial goal, the creation of a free, independent, and united Armenia; all territories designated as Wilsonian Armenia by the Treaty of Sèvres as well as the regions of Artsakh, Javakhk, and Nakhichevan, is the first goal of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation^[9] Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond (Modern Greek: Î¤ÏÎ±Ï€ÎµÎ¶Î¿ÏÎ½Ï„Î±, TrapezoÃºnta; Ancient Greek: , TrapezoÃ»s), is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. ... Erzurum (Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ«Õ¶ (Karin) in Armenian) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. ... A van is a vehicle used for transporting goods or groups of people. ... Bitlis is a city in Turkey, capital of Bitlis Province. ... Foundation: May 1915 - Dec 1917 Head: Aram Manougian Armenian provisional government, First Armenian Republic or sometimes refered as Free Vaspurakan was set up in the city of Van and its provinces during the WWI [1] which had a setback during Battle of Van and reasteblished in June 1916 as Administration... The Treaty of SÃ¨vres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in SÃ¨vres, France. ... Foundation: 1890 Founders: Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, Simon Zavarian Head: Hrant Markarian Ideology: Socialism,[1] Nationalism[2] International alignment: Socialist International[1] Colours: Red Seats: Armenia â€“ 11 seats out of 131 Nagorno-Karabakh â€“ 3 seats out of 33 Lebanon â€“ 2 seats out of 128 Website: Partys Official Web Site...

As the coming months had shown, King-Crane Commission did not really analyze the situation. Some sources even claim they did not even spend enough time. The realities of the ground were different, and they were not included in the report. Treaty of Alexandropol and then the treaty of Kars were the first blockage to this idea and than with the following months Treaty of Sèvres put to shelf as it was superseded by treaty of Lausanne. The fight for "Administration for Western Armenia" dropped from the table. The King-Crane Commission was an official investigation during 1919 by the United States government into the circumstances and conditions existing in certain parts of the former Ottoman Empire, in order to inform American policy with regard to the future of the region regarding the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. ... The Treaty of Alexandropol was a peace treaty between the Democratic Republic of Armenia and TBMM ending the Turkish-Armenian War, before decleration of the Republic of Turkey on December 2, 1920. ... Soviet-Turkish border as per treaty The Treaty of Kars (Turkish: Kars AntlaÅŸmasÄ±, Russian: ÐšÐ°Ñ€ÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ€) was a friendship treaty[1] between TBMM, (which was declared Turkey in 1923), and the Soviet Union by the representatives of Russian SFSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR. It was signed in Kars on... The Treaty of SÃ¨vres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in SÃ¨vres, France. ... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly...

Timeline

April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Background by April 1915, the Armenians had already donated their grains, their food, their warehouse supplies, money and men to the Ottoman war effort. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Shows the Location of the Province MuÅŸ MuÅŸ (alternative transliteration: Mush) is a province in eastern Turkey. ... Bitlis is a city in Turkey, capital of Bitlis Province. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Armenian volunteer units were Armenian soldiers in Russian, French and British armies during the WWI. Majority of these units support the military activities at Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. Most famous commanders of these units were on alongside the Russian army units, such as Andranik Toros Ozanian whom... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... Kars (Armenian: Ô¿Õ¡Ö€Õ½) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of the Kars Province, formerly at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. ... Ardahan ( ArdÄ± han in old Turkish, Ô±Ö€Õ¤Õ¡Õ°Õ¡Õ¶ in Armenian) is the capital of Ardahan Province in north-eastern Turkey. ... A view of Batumi, circa, 1911, towards the mountains Batumi (also Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city (population: approximately 137,000) on the Black Sea coast and capital of Ajaria, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Democratic Republic of Armenia Commanders Vahib Pasha Movses Silikian Strength Third Army 100,000 [2] 40,000 Casualties 30,000 30,000 30,000 Armenian civilian casualties The Battle of Sardarabad was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the...

References

^ The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: edited by Richard G Hovannisian
^ Robert-Jan Dwork Holocaust: A History by Deborah and van Pelt, p 38
^ David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, "Reforming the Tsar's Army: Military Innovation in Imperial Russia from Peter the Great" p 52
^ The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity edited by Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan. p96
^ "The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity" p.98, edited by Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan
^ Fromkin, David (1989). A Peace to End All Peace, sec:The parting of the ways. Avon Books.
^ The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth... By Richard G. (EDT) Hovannisian
^ President Wilson’s Acceptance letter for drawing the frontier given to the Paris Peace Conference, Washington, November 22, 1920.
^ Goals of ARF

Contents

Population distribution

History

Formation, 1915

Expansion, 1916

Building the frontline, 1917

Losing the grounds, 1918

Administration

Governors

Civil Affairs

Civil Commissioner (as part of ADR)

Policies

1917

Humanitarian Issues

Recognition Efforts

Paris Conference, 1919

Wilsonian Armenia

Timeline

References

See also

External links

Contents

Population distribution GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Formation, 1915

Expansion, 1916

Building the frontline, 1917

Losing the grounds, 1918

Administration

Governors

Civil Affairs

Civil Commissioner (as part of ADR)

Policies

1917

Humanitarian Issues

Recognition Efforts

Paris Conference, 1919

Wilsonian Armenia

Timeline

References

See also

External links

Population distribution