The first reformation and major expansion of the NavyRoyal, as it was then known, occurred in the 16th century during the reign of Henry VIII whose ships, ''Henri Grâce a Dieu'' ("''Great Harry''") and '' Mary Rose '', engaged the French navy in the battle of the Solent in 1545.
The RoyalNavy also participated in the Gulf War, the Kosovo conflict, the Afghanistan Campaign, and the 2003 Iraq War, the last of which saw RN warships bombard positions in support of the Al Faw Peninsula landings by Royal Marines.
The RoyalNavy is established under the royal prerogative and the head of the RoyalNavy, known as the Lord High Admiral, is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (who is the overall head of the UK Armed Forces).
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