Adobe Photoshop
Photoshop CS 2 under Mac OS X
Maintainer:	Adobe Systems
Latest release:	CS2 (9.0) / April 2005
OS:	Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X
Genre:	Bitmap graphics editor
License:	Proprietary
Website:	www.adobe.com

Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editor (with some text and vector graphics capabilities) developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the market leader for commercial bitmap image manipulation, and probably the most well-known piece of software produced by Adobe Systems. It is usually referred to simply as "Photoshop". As with most of Adobe's other applications, Photoshop is available for Mac OS and Microsoft Windows; versions up to Photoshop 7 can also be used with operating systems such as Linux using software such as CrossOver Office. Past versions of the program were ported to the SGI IRIX platform, but official support for this port was dropped after version 3. Adobe Photoshop CS 2 Icon This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x1024, 178 KB)Screenshot of Adove Photoshop CS 2 running on Mac OS X 10. ... Software maintenance is one of the activities in software engineering, and is the process of enhancing and optimizing deployed software (software release), as well as remedying defects. ... Adobe Systems (NASDAQ: ADBE) is a computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California that was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke. ... In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ... Microsoft Windows is a range of operating environments for personal computers and servers. ... Mac OS X is the latest version of the Mac OS, the operating system software for Macintosh computers. ... A software genre is a classification of software by its common function, type or topic. ... A bitmap graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to paint and edit pictures interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many popular bitmap or raster formats such as JPEG, PNG, GIF and TIFF. Usually an image viewer is preferred over a bitmap graphics... A software license is a type of proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software — sometimes called an End User License Agreement (EULA) — that specifies the perimeters of the permission granted by the owner to the user. ... Proprietary indicates that a party exercises private ownership, control or use over an item of property, usually to the exclusion of other parties. ... The front page of the English Wikipedia website. ... In computer graphics, graphics software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer. ... Steam Locomotive 7646 as a vector, originally Windows Metafile (converted to GIF for display on Wikipedia page). ... Adobe Systems (NASDAQ: ADBE) is a computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California that was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke. ... For the use of the term raster in radio regulation, see frequency raster. ... In common usage, an image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact that reproduces the likeness of some subject—usually a physical object or a person. ... Original 1984 Mac OS desktop Current 2005 Mac OS X desktop Mac OS, which stands for Macintosh Operating System, is Apple Computer’s name for the first operating systems for Macintosh computers. ... Microsoft Windows is a range of operating environments for personal computers and servers. ... This article is about Linux-based operating systems, GNU/Linux, and related topics. ... Crossover Office running Internet Explorer and Microsoft Word 2000 In computing, CrossOver Office is a commercial program allowing you to run popular Windows applications on a Linux system without a Windows installation. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... IRIX 6. ...

Features

Adobe Camera RAW plugin under Win XP

Although primarily designed to edit images for paper-based printing, Photoshop is used increasingly to produce images for the World Wide Web. Recent versions bundle a related application, Adobe ImageReady, to provide a more specialized set of tools for this purpose. Download high resolution version (1280x994, 185 KB)Adobe Photoshop CS running Adobe Camera RAW on Windows XP. This is a screenshot of a copyrighted website, video game graphic, computer program graphic, television broadcast, or film. ... Download high resolution version (1280x994, 185 KB)Adobe Photoshop CS running Adobe Camera RAW on Windows XP. This is a screenshot of a copyrighted website, video game graphic, computer program graphic, television broadcast, or film. ... Graphic representation of the World Wide Web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, W3, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). ... Categories: Computer stubs ...

Photoshop also has strong links with software for media editing, animation and authoring. It works with Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere, Adobe After Effects & Adobe Encore DVD to make professional standard DVDs, provide non-linear editing and special effects services such as backgrounds, textures and so on for television, film and the web. Photoshop's native file format (PSD or PDD) can be exported to and from Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere, After Effects and Adobe Encore DVD. Photoshop CS broadly supports making menus and buttons for DVDs. For PSD or PDD files exported as a menu or button, it only needs to have layers, nested in layer sets with a cueing format and Adobe Encore DVD reads them as buttons or menus. Adobe ImageReady is a bitmap graphics editor shipped with Adobe Photoshop by Adobe Systems. ... Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based drawing program developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. ... Adobe Premiere Pro, produced by Adobe is a realtime, timeline based video editing software targeted at prosumer video editors. ... Adobe After Effects is a digital motion graphics and compositing software developed by Adobe Systems. ... Adobe Encore DVD, produced by Adobe Systems is a DVD authoring software targeted at semi-professional video producers. ...

PSD or PDD is a widely accepted file format. Competing bitmap image editing programs (such as Macromedia Fireworks, Corel Photo-Paint, Discreet Combustion, Pixel32, WinImages, GIMP, Jasc Paintshop Pro etc.) can import and edit layered PSD or PDD files. Fireworks (Also known in its shorthand as FW) is a bitmap and vector graphics editor, developed by Macromedia and aimed at web designers (with features such as: slices, the ability to add hotspots etc. ... PHOTO-PAINT icon Corel PHOTO-PAINT is a bitmap graphics editor sold by Corel, a software company with headquarters in Canada. ... Discreet combustion is a Montreal software companys discreet desktop effects program. ... Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Windows Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Linux Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Mac OS X Screenshot of Pixel32 running in BeOS/Zeta Pixel32 is an Adobe Photoshop clone written by Pavel Kanzelsberger, from Slovakia. ... Black Belt Systems WinImages is a bitmap graphics editor and special effects applicator that supports both automation of editing tasks and animation of effects. ... The GNU Image Manipulation Program or The GIMP is a bitmap graphics editor, a program for creating and processing raster graphics. ... Paint Shop Pro (PSP) is a bitmap graphics editor for computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system that was originally published by Minneapolis-based Jasc Software. ...

Photoshop can deal with a number of different color spaces:

• sRGB color space (white point=D65) - "RGB" in photoshop
• Lab color space (white point=D50) - "Lab" in photoshop
• CMYK color model
• Grayscale

Simple composite image produced with various tools in Photoshop.

The most recent version, as of 2005, is version 9. This iteration of the program is marketed as "Photoshop CS2". "CS" reflects its integration with "Adobe's Creative Suite" and a number "2" because it is the second version released since Adobe rebranded their products under the CS umbrella. In an effort to break away from previous versions of the application and to reinforce its belonging with the new line of products, Photoshop even dropped one classic graphic feature from its packaging: the Photoshop eye, which was present in different manifestations from versions 3 to 7. Photoshop CS versions now use feathers as a form of identification. CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram showing the gamut of the sRGB color space and location of the primaries. ... A white point is one of a number of reference illuminants used in colorimetry which serve to define the color white. Depending on the application, different definitions of white are needed to give acceptable results. ... CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) is the most complete color model used conventionally to describe all the colors visible to the human eye. ... A white point is one of a number of reference illuminants used in colorimetry which serve to define the color white. Depending on the application, different definitions of white are needed to give acceptable results. ... Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ... In computing, a grayscale or greyscale digital image is an image in which the value of each pixel is a single sample. ... A simple Photoshop composite image. ... A simple Photoshop composite image. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Adobe Creative Suite is a collection of graphic design applications made by Adobe Systems. ...

Photoshop CS features a revolutionary command : 'Shadow/Highlight' which allow user to 'suppress' highlights and/or 'push out' shadows while maintaining most of the 'image details' (that is, the histogram would remain virtually unchanged). It also comes with Adobe Camera RAW, a plugin developed by Thomas Knoll which has the ability to read several RAW file formats from various digital cameras and import them directly into Photoshop. A preliminary version of the RAW plugin was also available for Photoshop 7.0.1 as a $99 USD optional purchase. A plugin (or plug-in) is a computer program that can, or must, interact with another program to provide a certain, usually very specific, function. ... A camera raw image file contains the unprocessed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. ... A SiPix digital camera next to a matchbox to show scale. ... The United States dollar, or American dollar, is the official currency of the United States. ...

Photoshop is generally considered the best image editing program for raster graphics, but it has the disadvantage of a high price. This has helped a number of competing graphics tools to become popular, some of which are extremely powerful such as The GIMP, which is free. In an attempt to recapture this lost market share, Adobe introduced a much less expensive program called Photoshop Elements that consists of Photoshop minus some of the high-end output capabilities. Consequently, Elements (currently at version 3) is useful for editing photos from consumer digital cameras and for doctoring images for the web but considerably less so for professional prepress work. Photoshop Elements retails for $99 USD MSRP, compared to Photoshop's retail price of $649 new, and about $150 for the upgrade version. Suppose the smiley face in the top left corner is an RGB bitmap image. ... The following is a list of bitmap graphics editors. ... The GNU Image Manipulation Program or The GIMP is a bitmap graphics editor, a program for creating and processing raster graphics. ... Adobe Photoshop Elements is the consumer version of the Adobe Photoshop raster image editing product, sold at a fraction of the cost of the professional product or bundled with related hardware such as scanners and digital cameras. ... The United States dollar, or American dollar, is the official currency of the United States. ... In economics and business, the price is the assigned numerical monetary value of a good, service or asset. ...

Cultural impact

An example of deletion manipulation. The original is on the left

The term photoshopping is a neologism, meaning "editing an image", regardless of the program used. Adobe discourages use of the term [1] out of fear that it will undermine the company's trademark; an alternate term which leaves out the Photoshop reference is "photochop". The term photoshop is also used as a noun referring to the altered image. This is specially popular amongst members of the websites Something Awful, Fark, B3ta and Worth1000 where photoshopping is an institution, with the goal of altering an image, subtly or blatantly, to make it humorous or just clever, by appealing to both the slapstick- or intellectual-level of humor, often via the use of obscure in-jokes and pop culture references. A very recent and even more obscure variety of this, is the so called "Fake": extreme parodying of the current celebrity culture, by blending famous faces with nude or pornographic images. Photoshop competitions in all these varieties have become a favourite pastime for many professional and amateur users of the software. Download high resolution version (1536x1024, 738 KB)An example of the deceiving manipulations that can be made in Photoshop File links The following pages link to this file: Adobe Photoshop ... Download high resolution version (1536x1024, 738 KB)An example of the deceiving manipulations that can be made in Photoshop File links The following pages link to this file: Adobe Photoshop ... A great tit. ... A neologism is word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (coined) —often to apply to new concepts, or to reshape older terms in newer language form. ... Something Awful, sometimes abbreviated to SA, is a cynical comedy website based in the United States. ... Screenshot Fark. ... B3ta is a humorous British website, described as a puerile digital arts community by The Guardian. ... Worth1000 is an image manipulation and contest website accessible at worth1000. ... An in joke is a joke whose humour is clear only to those people who are in a group that has some prior knowledge (not known by the whole population) that makes the joke humorous. ... Popular culture, or pop culture, is the vernacular (peoples) culture that prevails in a modern society. ... A Photoshop contest, or sometimes photochop contest, is an online game, in which a website or user of an Internet forum will post a starting image — usually a photograph — and ask others to manipulate the image using some kind of graphics editing software, such as Photoshop, The GIMP, Paint Shop...

The term is sometimes used with a derogatory intent by artists to refer to images that have been retouched instead of originally produced. A common issue amongst users of all skill levels is the ability to avoid in one's work what is referred to as "the Photoshop look" (although such an issue is intrinsic to many graphics programs).

In recent times, Photoshop has been used for altering and drawing vehicles, usually cars, in a process known as 'digi-modding', 'photoshopping' or 'virtual-tuning'. About twenty websites in recent years have been established. The rate of expansion of this 'new' type of art is huge. Although the websites that provide a base for people to 'showoff' their 'chops' are fairly new, 'Photo-manipulated' cars have been in automotive magazines for years.

Development

The brothers Thomas Knoll and John Knoll began development on Photoshop in 1987. Version 1 was released by Adobe in 1990. The program was intended from the start as a tool for manipulating images that were digitized by a scanner, which was a rare and expensive device in those days. Adobe Photoshop is a bitmap graphics editor (with some text and vector graphics capabilities) published by Adobe Systems. ... John Knoll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In computing, a scanner is a device which analyzes a physical image (such as a photograph, printed text, or handwriting) or an object (such as ornament) and converts it to a digital image. ...

Release history

Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys; also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in accounts of Arthur of Britain starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ... Brimstone, an ancient name for the element sulfur (or sulphur). ... Book cover for Venus in Furs Leopold Ritter von Sacher-Masoch (January 27, 1836 - March 9, 1895), writer and journalist, was born in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine). ... In cosmology, dark matter consists of matter particles that cannot be detected by their emitted radiation but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter such as stars and galaxies. ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Easter Eggs

A screenshot of the 'About' easter egg in Photoshop CS2

Holding down Ctrl or AltGr (in Windows) or the Command key (on Mac versions) in Photoshop while selecting Help→About or Photoshop→About Photoshop (on Mac versions) from the menu shows a different version of the "About" screen with a special graphic. This graphic is different in each version, and is based on the code name for that version (e.g., "Dark Matter" for Photoshop CS or "Big Electric Cat" for version 4). This also works in ImageReady and several other Adobe applications. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 143 KB)Adobe Photoshop CS2 - About screen easter egg. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 143 KB)Adobe Photoshop CS2 - About screen easter egg. ...

Clicking in the white area immediately above the scrolling credits will display a series of sayings referred to as "Adobe Transient Witticisms." Holding down the "Option" key (in Mac OS), in addition to making the credits scroll faster, will speed up the pace of the witticisms. Adobe Transient Witticisms is the name coined for an easter egg appearing in several versions of Adobe Photoshop. ...

In Photoshop CS, holding down Alt while selecting "Palette Options" on the layer palette will open a window with a small picture of Merlin. Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys; also known as Myrddin Wyllt (Merlin the wild), Merlin Caledonensis (Scottish Merlin), Merlinus, and Merlyn) is the personage best known as the mighty wizard featured in accounts of Arthur of Britain starting with Geoffrey of Monmouths Historia Regum Britanniae. ...

Alternatives

There are many other bitmap-graphics editors available, but none have come close to Photoshop's popularity among professionals. The closest competitors would be the open source GIMP and Paint.NET, and the commercial Pixel32, Macromedia Fireworks, Corel Photo-Paint, and Paint Shop Pro. Open source refers to projects that are open to the public and which draw on other projects that are freely available to the general public. ... The GNU Image Manipulation Program or The GIMP is a bitmap graphics editor, a program for creating and processing raster graphics. ... Paint. ... Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Windows Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Linux Screenshot of Pixel32 running in Mac OS X Screenshot of Pixel32 running in BeOS/Zeta Pixel32 is an Adobe Photoshop clone written by Pavel Kanzelsberger, from Slovakia. ... Fireworks (Also known in its shorthand as FW) is a bitmap and vector graphics editor, developed by Macromedia and aimed at web designers (with features such as: slices, the ability to add hotspots etc. ... PHOTO-PAINT icon Corel PHOTO-PAINT is a bitmap graphics editor sold by Corel, a software company with headquarters in Canada. ... Paint Shop Pro (PSP) is a bitmap graphics editor for computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system that was originally published by Minneapolis-based Jasc Software. ...

See also

• Digital Negative Specification
• Photoshop tennis
• Photoshop contest
• Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials
• List of bitmap graphics editors
• Comparison of bitmap graphics editors

In digital photography and computers, the Digital Negative Specification (DNG) is an ostensibly royalty-free raw image file format Adobe Systems announced on September 27, 2004. ... Photoshop tennis is a competitive sport that has evolved on the Internet utilising Adobe Photoshop or similar graphics editing programs. ... A Photoshop contest, or sometimes photochop contest, is an online game, in which a website or user of an Internet forum will post a starting image — usually a photograph — and ask others to manipulate the image using some kind of graphics editing software, such as Photoshop, The GIMP, Paint Shop... The following is a list of bitmap graphics editors. ... Mac OS X Microsoft Windows GNOME KDE X Window System Open Source Software Free Software See also List of bitmap graphics editors Bitmap graphics editor Raster graphics aka Bitmap Vector graphics editor#Vector editors versus bitmap editors Categories: Bitmap graphics editors | Software comparison ...

Related terms

• 2D computer graphics
• Color
• Color theory
• Digital image
• Digital watermark
• Gamut
• Graphics file format

2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them. ... Colour is an important part of the visual arts. ... In the arts of painting, and photography, color theory is a set of basic rules for mixing color to achieve a desired result. ... A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels. ... Digital watermarking is a technique which allows to add hidden copyright or other verification messages to digital audio, video, or image signals and documents. ... In computer graphics, the gamut, or color gamut, is a certain complete subset of colors. ... See also Category:Graphics file formats Here is a summary of the most common graphics file formats: Some file formats, e. ...

External links

Official websites

• Official Page
• Adobe Camera RAW

Other websites

• Extensive List of Photoshop Tutorials on Special Effects
• A history of Photoshop written on the application's tenth anniversary
• A forum dedicated to users of Photoshop, where techniques and work can be shared
• Photoshop Cafe
• Photoshop parody site
• Photoshop related resources directory
• Phong
• National Association of Photoshop Professionals
• PhotoshopSupport.com - Resource Site
• a digital art site
• Photochop.net - The Definitive Automotive Artwork Community
• Photoshopedup - A digital auto-tuning site
• Screenshots from almost every version of Photoshop
• Using Photoshop to restore your treasured photographic memories

Tutorials

• Photoshop Ninja - An ever growing blog of expert tips and tricks
• ArtWorld - 61 Photoshop Tutorials
• Biomech: the Website - B|TW: Photoshop Tutorials
• Adobe Photoshop Tutorials - PhotoshopTutorials.us
• Extensive List of Photoshop Tutorials on Special Effects
• Tutorio.com Photoshop Tutorials
• DesignTutorials.info Photoshop Tutorials
• myJanee.com Photoshop Tutorials & Resources
• NewTutorials.com
• Photosector
• Photoshop Roadmap
• Solid Converter GX - utility to extract an image from .PSD without PhotoShop (30 day trial for download)
• Phong
• Planet Photoshop
• Dubtastic
• Lunacore
• Photo-related Photoshop Tutorials
• Shiver7
• N-Sane.net
• Biorust
• Eye Digital Emotion
• Lombergar.com - Free Video Tutorials
• Eyewire
• Graphic-design.com Photoshop Tutorials
• Free Photoshop Training Video
• Photoshop Cafe Tutorials
• PhotoshopSupport.com - Free Photoshop Tutorials - (step-by-step and video tutorials)
• TutorialPod Photoshop Tutorials and More
• Tutorialized Photoshop Tutorials
• Good-Tutorials.com
• Pixel 2 Life Photoshop Tutorials
• Zymic
• Grey Cobra
• 3D Buzz - free video training modules
• Cooljeba Photoshop Tutorials
• Daily updated Adobe Photoshop Tutorials - PhotoshopArea.com
• Free Photoshop Tutorials covering photo restoration techniques

Photoshop Blogs

• Photoshop Blog - News & Tips