Adolf Hitler
Born	April 20, 1889 Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
Died	April 30, 1945 Berlin, Germany

  Adolf Hitler^? (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) the Chancellor of Germany from 1933 and Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Chancellor) of Germany from 1934 to his death. He was leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), better known as the Nazi Party. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x833, 148 KB) Description: Portrait of Adolf Hitler Source: ibiblio. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Braunau am Inn is a city in the Innviertel (River Inn area) of Upper Austria (Ober sterreich), the north-western province of Austria. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city; down from 4. ... Image File history File links To play the audio file do not click on the image. ... Image File history File links De-Adolf_Hitler. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The German title Bundeskanzler is also the title of the Chancellor of Austria, and the title of a Swiss federal official (List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland). ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Führer   listen? (often written Fuehrer or Fuhrer in English when umlauts are not used) is a proper noun meaning leader or guide in the German language. ... The head of government in Germany has traditionally been called Kanzler (Chancellor). ... 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German:   Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei?), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ...

Under Hitler's leadership Germany ascended from the depths of post World War I defeat to rebuild its economy and decimated military. At the height of their power during World War II, the armies of Nazi Germany and its Axis Powers dominated much of Europe. The racial policies that Hitler directed culminated in a massive number of deaths, commonly cited as at least 11 million people – including 6 million Jews – in a genocide now known as the Holocaust. Leadership can refer both to the process of leading, and to those entities that do the leading. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the globe... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Racial policy of Nazi Germany originated as the Dolchstoßlegende (betrayal legend) of disgruntled WW I German nationalists who blamed non-Germans for the loss of the war. ... Look up Genocide on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Genocide means mass murder of a particular ethnic group. ... Holocaust This article deals with the Nazi Holocaust. ...

Ultimately, Germany was defeated by the Allied powers in 1945 and during the final days of the war Hitler committed suicide in his underground bunker in Berlin together with his newly wed wife, Eva Braun, and other high-ranking Nazi officials. The Third Reich, which he had said would last a thousand years, collapsed shortly thereafter. When spelt with a capital A, Allies usually denotes the countries that fought together against the Central Powers in World War I and against the Axis Powers in World War II. For more information, see the related articles: Allies of World War I and Allies of World War II. Other... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The front cover of Time magazine, May 7, 1945. ... The Führerbunker (or Fuehrerbunker) is a common name for a certain complex of subterranean rooms in Berlin, Germany where Adolf Hitler committed suicide during World War II. The bunker was the last of Hitlers Führerhauptquartiere or Fuehrer Headquarters (another was the famous Wolfsschanze). ...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city; down from 4. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

Early life

Childhood

Adolf Hitler as an infant.

Adolf Hitler was born close to sunset on April 20, 1889, at Braunau am Inn, Austria, a small town 90 km (55 miles) west of Linz in the province of Upper Austria, not far from the German border in what was then Austria-Hungary. He was the fourth of six children of Alois Hitler (1837–1903), a customs official, and Klara Pölzl, Alois' niece and third wife. Of these six children, only Adolf and his younger sister Paula reached adulthood. Alois Hitler also had a son (Alois Junior) and a daughter (Angela) by his second wife. In Mein Kampf, his autobiography and exposition of his political ideology, Hitler describes his father as an "irascible tyrant"; however, there is little indication that Alois Hitler treated his son more strictly than was usual for that time and place. Download high resolution version (652x807, 55 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (652x807, 55 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... A red sunset panorama A composite image showing the terminator dividing night from day, running across Europe and Africa. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Braunau am Inn is a city in the Innviertel (River Inn area) of Upper Austria (Ober sterreich), the north-western province of Austria. ... Map of Austria, locating Linz Linz is a city and Statutarstadt in northeast Austria, on the Danube river. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Alois Hitler Alois Hitler, born Aloys Schicklgruber (7 June 1837 - 3 January 1903) was the father of Adolf Hitler. ... 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... Klara Hitler Her son Adolf as both a baby and an adult Klara Hitler born Klara Pölzl (August 12, 1860 - December 21, 1907), was the mother of Adolf Hitler. ... Paula Hitler Paula Hitler (21 January 1896 - 1 June 1960) was the younger sister of Adolf Hitler and the last child of Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Pölzl. ... Alois Hitler, Jr. ... Adolf Hitler with his halfsister Angela Angela Raubal Hamitsch, born Angela Hitler (July 28, 1883 - October 30, 1949), was the elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler. ... Cover of Mein Kampf Mein Kampf (German for My Struggle) is a book written by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitlers political ideology of Nazism. ... Autobiography (from the Greek auton, self, bios, life and graphein, write) is biography, the writing of a life story, from the viewpoint of the subject. ...

Alois Hitler was born out of wedlock, and, until he was 40, used his mother's surname, Schicklgruber. In 1876, he began using the name of his stepfather, Johann Georg Hiedler, after visiting a priest responsible for birth registries and declaring that Georg was his father (Alois gave the impression that Georg was still alive, but he was long dead). The spelling was probably changed by a clerk. Later, Adolf was accused by his political enemies of not rightfully being a Hitler, but a Schicklgruber. This was also exploited in Allied propaganda during the Second World War when pamphlets bearing the phrase "Heil Schicklgruber" were airdropped over German cities. He was legally born a Hitler, however, and was closely related to Hiedler through his mother's family. 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... In German history, Johann Georg Hiedler (September 28, 1792 – 1857) was born to Martin Hiedler (November 17, 1762 - January 10, 1829) and Anna Maria Goschl (August 23, 1760 - December 7, 1854). ... A C-130 Hercules airdropping a light tank. ...

Hitler did not know for sure who his paternal grandfather was, but it was probably either Johann Georg Hiedler or his brother Johann von Nepomuk Hiedler. There have been rumours that Hitler was one-quarter Jewish and that his paternal grandmother Maria Schicklgruber had become pregnant after working as a servant in a Jewish household in Graz. During the 1920s, the implications of this along with his known family history were politically explosive, especially for the proponent of a racist ideology. Opponents tried to prove that Hitler, the leader of the anti-Semitic and jingoistic Nazi Party, had Jewish or Czech ancestors. Although these rumours were never confirmed, for Hitler they were reason enough to conceal his origins. Soviet propaganda insisted he was a Jew, though more modern research tends to diminish the probability Hitler had Jewish or Czech ancestors. Historians such as Werner Maser and Ian Kershaw argue this was impossible since the Jews had been expelled from Graz in the 15th century and were not allowed to return until well after Maria Schicklgruber's alleged employment.^[1] Johann von Nepomuk Hiedler, also known as Johann von Nepomuk Hüttler (March 19, 1807 - September 17, 1888), was a maternal great-grandfather and possibly also the paternal grandfather of Adolf Hitler. ... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... Maria Anna Schicklgruber (April 15, 1795 – January 7, 1847) was Adolf Hitlers paternal grandmother. ... Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec), with a population of 305,000 (council census 2000) is the second-largest city in Austria and the capital of the province of Styria (Steiermark in German). ... Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Technology John T. Thompson invents Thompson submachine gun, also known as Tommy gun John Logie Baird invents the first working mechanical television system (1925) Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to... A black man drinks out of a water fountain designated for black people in 1939 at a streetcar terminal. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Jingoism is a term describing chauvinistic patriotism with regard to a hawkish political stance. ... For the British actor, please see Ian Kershaw (actor). ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

Because of Alois Hitler's profession his family moved frequently, from Braunau to Passau, Lambach, Leonding and next to Linz. As a young child, Hitler was reportedly a good student at the various elementary schools he attended; however, in sixth grade (1900–1901), his first year of high school (Realschule) in Linz, he failed completely and had to repeat the grade. His teachers reported that he had "no desire to work." Braunau am Inn is a city in the Innviertel (River Inn area) of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), the north-western province of Austria. ... Old Town of Passau Passau (Latin: Batavia) is a town in Niederbayern, Eastern Bavaria, Germany, known also as Dreiflüssestadt (the City of three rivers), because the Danube River is joined there by the Inn River from the South, and the Ilz River coming out of the Bavarian Forest to... Leonding is a town situated to the southwest of Linz, Austria. ... Map of Austria, locating Linz Linz is a city and Statutarstadt in northeast Austria, on the Danube river. ...

One of Hitler's watercolors. The scene of Laon, France.

Hitler later explained this as a kind of rebellion against his father Alois, who wanted the boy to follow him in a career as a customs official, although Adolf wanted to become a painter. This is further supported by Hitler's later description of himself as a misunderstood artist. After Hitler's father died on January 3, 1903, aged 65, Hitler's schoolwork did not improve. At the age of 16, Hitler left school with no qualifications. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (448x604, 103 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (448x604, 103 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Watercolor is a painting technique making use of water-soluble pigments that are either transparent or opaque and are formulated with gum to bond the pigment to the paper. ... Laon is a city and commune of France, préfecture (capital) of the Aisne département. ... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ...

Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich

From 1905 onward, Hitler was able to live the life of a Bohemian on a fatherless child's pension and support from his mother. After he was rejected twice by the Academy of Arts in Vienna (1907–1908) for "lack of talent" – which he resented deeply – he did not try to find a different job or learn a profession. He was told he should become an architect, since he had some flair for making architectural sketches and drawings. On December 21, 1907, his mother Klara died a painful death from breast cancer. He gave his share of the orphans' benefits to his younger sister Paula, but soon after inherited some money from an aunt. He worked as a struggling painter in Vienna, copying scenes from postcards and selling his paintings to merchants and tourists (there is evidence he produced over 2000 paintings and drawings before World War I). 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Though a Bohemian is a native of the Czech province of Bohemia, a secondary meaning for bohemian emerged in 19th century France. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Breast cancer is cancer of breast tissue. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...

Adolf Hitler as a young adult.

After the second refusal from the Academy of Arts, Hitler gradually ran out of money. By 1909, he sought refuge in a homeless shelter, and by the beginning of 1910 had settled permanently into a house for poor working men. He made spending money by painting tourist postcards of Vienna scenery. His anti-Semitism during this period was likely non-existent, since a Jewish resident of the house named Hanisch was helping him sell his postcards. Download high resolution version (539x828, 96 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (539x828, 96 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Homeless shelters are places for people to stay temporarily when they otherwise would have to sleep on the street, similar to emergency shelters. ... 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

It was in Vienna that Hitler became an active anti-Semite, a common stance among Austrians at the time. Vienna had a large Jewish community, including many Orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe. He was slowly influenced over time by the writings of the race ideologist and anti-Semite Lanz von Liebenfels and polemics from politicians such as Karl Lueger, the Mayor of Vienna and Georg Ritter von Schönerer, leader of the pan-Germanic Away from Rome! movement. He later wrote that his transition from opposing anti-semitism on religious grounds, to supporting it on racial grounds, came from having seen an orthodox jew: The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity; and often a combination of these attributes. ... Orthodox Judaism is one of the three major branches of Judaism. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange) and other former communist regimes (light orange). ... Lanz von Liebenfels Adolf Josef Lanz (aka Jörg Lanz), who called himself Lanz von Liebenfels (July 19, 1874 - April 22, 1954) was a former monk and the founder of the right-wing magazine Ostara, in which he published anti-semitic and racist theories. ... Karl Lueger (October 24, 1844-March 10, 1910) was an Austrian politician and mayor of Vienna, known for his anti-semitism and racist policies. ... The following people were mayors of Vienna: Habsburg Monarchy Konrad Poll 1282 Heinrich Hansgraf 1285 Konrad von Eslarn 1287 Konrad Poll 1288-1305 Heinrich Chrannest 1305-07 Dietrich von Kahlenberg 1307 Heinrich von d. ... Georg Ritter von Schönerer Georg Ritter von Schönerer (July 17, 1842-August 14, 1921) was an Austrian politician active in the late 1800s and early 1900s. ... Orthodox Judaism is one of the three major branches of Judaism. ...

Mein Kampf, chapter II:

"There were very few Jews in Linz. In the course of centuries the Jews who lived there had become Europeanized in external appearance and were so much like other human beings that I even looked upon them as Germans. The reason why I did not then perceive the absurdity of such an illusion was that the only external mark which I recognized as distinguishing them from us was the practice of their strange religion. As I thought that they were persecuted on account of their Faith my aversion to hearing remarks against them grew almost into a feeling of abhorrence. I did not in the least suspect that there could be such a thing as a systematic anti-Semitism."

"Once, when passing through the inner City, I suddenly encountered a phenomenon in a long caftan and wearing black side-locks. My first thought was: Is this a Jew? They certainly did not have this appearance in Linz. I watched the man stealthily and cautiously; but the longer I gazed at the strange countenance and examined it feature by feature, the more the question shaped itself in my brain: Is this a German?"

Hitler had a firm belief in the inferiority of the Parliamentary system, and especially social democracy, which formed the basis of his political views. He began to claim the Jews were natural enemies of "Aryans" and were responsible for Germany's economic problems. However, according to August Kubizek, his close friend and roommate at the time, he was more interested in the operas of Richard Wagner than in politics. A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813 in Leipzig – February 13, 1883 in Venice) was an influential German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his groundbreaking symphonic-operas (or music dramas). His compositions are notable for their continuous contrapuntal texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and elaborate...

He was given a small inheritance from his father in May 1913 and moved to Munich. He later wrote in Mein Kampf that he had always longed to live in a German city. In Munich, he became more interested in architecture and the writings of Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Moving to Munich also helped him escape military service in Austria for a time, but the Austrian army later arrested him. After a physical exam (during which his height was measured at 1.73 m, or 5 ft 8 in) and a plea, he was found unfit for service and allowed to return to Munich. However, when Germany entered World War I in August 1914, he immediately enlisted in the Bavarian army. Link title1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ... Houston Stewart Chamberlain (September 9, 1855 - January 9, 1927) was a British author noted for his works concerning the Aryan race. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Free State of Bavaria (German: Bayern or Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ...

World War I

Hitler (seated, far left) during World War I.

Hitler saw active service in France and Belgium as a messenger for the 16th Bavarian reserve infantry regiment, which exposed him to enemy fire. He also drew some cartoons and instructional drawings for the army newspaper. He was twice cited for bravery in action, receiving the Iron Cross, Second Class, in December 1915 and the Iron Cross, First Class in August 1918, an honour rarely given to a lance corporal (he was not a German citizen at the time and so could not be promoted beyond corporal). During October 1916 in northern France Hitler was wounded in the leg, returning to the front in March 1917. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Iron Cross (German: Eisernes Kreuz) is a military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany, which was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia and first awarded on 10 March 1813. ... 1915 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Lance Corporal (LCpl or L/Cpl) is a military rank used by some elements of the British, Commonwealth, and U.S. armed forces. ... 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Hitler was considered a "correct" soldier but was reportedly unpopular with his comrades because of an uncritical attitude towards officers. "Respect the superior, don't contradict anybody, obey blindly," he said, describing his attitude while on trial for his Beer Hall Putsch in 1924. One comrade later remarked, "we all grumbled on him and found it intolerable that we had a white raven among us." (Haiden, 1936) The Beer Hall Putsch occurred in the evening of Thursday, November 8 to early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923 when the nascent Nazi partys Führer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

On October 15, 1918, shortly before the end of war, Hitler was admitted to a field hospital, temporarily blinded by a poison gas attack. Research by Bernhard Horstmann indicates the blindness may have been the result of a hysterical reaction to Germany's defeat. Hitler later said it was during this experience that he became convinced the purpose of his life was to save Germany. Meanwhile he was treated by a military physician and specialist in psychiatry who reportedly diagnosed the corporal as "incompetent to command people" and "dangerously psychotic." His commander at the time said, "I will never promote this hysteric!" (cited from Haiden, 1937). However, historian Sebastian Haffner, referring to Hitler's experience at the front, suggests he did have at least some understanding of the military. October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ... Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that diagnoses, treats, and studies mental illness and behavioral conditions. ... Psychosis is a psychiatric classification for a mental state in which the perception of reality is distorted. ... Sebastian Haffner (December 27, 1907, Berlin – January 2, 1999, pseudonym for Raimund Pretzel) was a German journalist and author. ...

Hitler had long admired Germany and during the war he had become a passionate German patriot, although he did not become a German citizen until 1932. He was shocked by the capitulation of Germany in November 1918 while the German army remained (in popular German belief) undefeated. Like many other German nationalists, Hitler blamed civilian politicians (the "November criminals") for the surrender. The widespread right-wing, conservative explanation for the capitulation was the Dolchstosslegende ("dagger-stab legend") which purported that behind the backs of the army, liberal politicians had betrayed and "stabbed" Germany's people and its soldiers "in the back." The Treaty of Versailles imposed crippling reparations and other economically damaging sanctions, declaring Germany guilty for the horrors of the Great War. The treaty was perceived by most Germans as a humiliation and was an important factor in both the social and political conditions encountered by Hitler and his National Socialist Party as they sought power. Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: commemorating the students at the École Polytechnique, Paris, 1814 Patriotism denotes positive attitudes by a person to their own nation, to its national homeland, its culture, its members, and to its interests. ... 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Magazine title from 1924, example of a propaganda illustration in support of the legend On November 11, 1918, the civilian representatives of the newly formed Weimar Republic of Germany signed an armistice with the Allies which would end World War I. The war itself had killed 1,770,000 German... Magazine title from 1924, example of a propaganda illustration in support of the legend On November 11, 1918, the civilian representatives of the newly formed Weimar Republic of Germany signed an armistice with the Allies which would end World War I. The war itself had killed 1,770,000 German... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ...

Weimar Republic

Early Nazi Party

Main article: Hitler's political beliefs

After the war, Hitler remained in the army, which was mainly engaged in suppressing socialist uprisings breaking out across Germany, including Munich (Bavarian Soviet Republic), where Hitler returned in 1919. He took part in "national thinking" courses organised by the Education and Propaganda Department (Dept Ib/P) of the Bavarian Reichswehr Group, Headquarters 4 under Captain Mayr. A key purpose of this group was to create a scapegoat for the outbreak of the war and Germany's defeat. The scapegoats were found in "international Jewry," communists and politicians across the party spectrum, especially the parties of the Weimar Coalition, who were deemed "November criminals". Historians and biographers note some difficulty in attributing political beliefs to Adolf Hitler. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... HA HA HA!!!! ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The scapegoat was a goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, in Judaism during the times of the Temple in Jerusalem. ... The Weimar Coalition is the name given to the coalition of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the German Democratic Party (DDP), and the Catholic Centre Party, who together had a large majority of the delegates to the Constituent Assembly which met at Weimar in 1919, and were the...

In July 1919, Hitler was appointed a V-Mann (Verbindungsmann is the German term for a police spy) of "Aufklärungskommando" ("Intelligence Commando") of the Reichswehr, for the purpose of influencing other soldiers towards similar ideas and was assigned to infiltrate a small nationalist party, the German Workers' Party (DAP). Here Hitler met Dietrich Eckart, one of the early founders of the party.^[2] The Reichswehr (literally National Defence or National Militia) formed the military organization of Germany from 1918 until 1935, when the government rebranded it as the Wehrmacht (Defence Force). ... The German Workers Party (German: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, short DAP) was a briefly existing progenitor of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers Party). ... Dietrich Eckart (March 23, 1868 - December 26, 1923) was one of the early key members of the National-Socialist German Workers Party and one of the participants in the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. ...

Adolf Hitler's membership card for the German Workers' Party. Hitler wanted to create his own party, but was ordered by his superiors in the Reichswehr to infiltrate an existing one instead.

Hitler was discharged from the army in 1920 and (with the army's continued encouragement) began participating full time in the party's activities. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

By early 1921, Adolf Hitler was becoming highly effective at speaking in front of ever larger crowds. In February, Hitler spoke before a crowd of nearly six thousand in Munich. To publicize the meeting, he sent out two truckloads of Party supporters to drive around with swastikas, cause a big commotion, and throw out leaflets, the first time this tactic was used by them. Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ...

Hitler was now gaining notoriety outside of the Party for his rowdy, at times hysterical tirades against the Treaty of Versailles, rival politicians and political groups, especially Marxists, and always the Jews.

The Party was centered in Munich which had become a hotbed of ultra right-wing German nationalists. This included Army officers determined to crush Marxism and undermine or even overthrow the young German democracy centered in Berlin.

Slowly, they began looking toward the rising politician, Adolf Hitler, and the growing movement as the vehicle to hitch themselves to. Hitler was already looking at how he could carry his movement to the rest of Germany. He traveled to Berlin to visit nationalist groups during the summer of 1921.

But in his absence, he faced an unexpected revolt among his own Nazi Party leadership in Munich.

The Party was still run by an executive committee whose original members now considered Hitler to be highly overbearing, even dictatorial. To weaken Hitler's position, they formed an alliance with a group of socialists from Augsburg.

Hitler rushed back to Munich and countered them by announcing his resignation from the Party on July 11, 1921. July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

They realized the loss of Hitler would effectively mean the end of the Party. Hitler seized the moment and announced he would return on the condition that he was made chairman and given dictatorial powers.

Infuriated committee members, including Anton Drexler, founder of the Party, held out at first. Meanwhile, an anonymous pamphlet appeared entitled: "Adolf Hitler: Is he a traitor?" It attacked Hitler's lust for power and criticized the violence prone men now surrounding him. Hitler responded to its publication in a Munich newspaper by suing for libel and later won a small settlement.

The executive committee of the Nazi Party eventually backed down and Hitler's demands were put to a vote of the party members. Hitler received 543 votes for, and only one against.

At the next gathering, July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler was introduced as Führer of the Nazi Party, marking the first time that title was publicly used to address him. July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Führer   listen? (often written Fuehrer or Fuhrer in English when umlauts are not used) is a proper noun meaning leader or guide in the German language. ...

Hitler changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, NSDAP), usually known as the Nazi party. The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... The Nazi swastika symbol The National Socialist German Workers Party ( German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ...

Hitler's beer hall oratory, attacking Jews, socialists and liberals, capitalists and communists, began attracting adherents. Early followers included Rudolf Hess, the former air force pilot Hermann Göring, and the flamboyant army captain Ernst Röhm, who became head of the Nazis' paramilitary organisation, the SA, which protected meetings and attacked political opponents. He also attracted the attention of local business interests, was accepted into influential circles of Munich society and became associated with wartime General Erich Ludendorff during this time. Rudolf Hess Rudolf Hess should not be confused with another prominent Nazi, Rudolf Höß (also spelled Höss or Hoess. ... Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also Goering or Goring in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was an early member of the Nazi party, founder of the Gestapo, and one of the main leaders of Nazi Germany. ... Ernst Röhm Ernst Röhm (or Roehm) (November 28, 1887, Munich; July 1, 1934, Munich-Stadelheim prison, murdered) was a German military officer and commander and co-founder of the Nazi Sturmarbeitlung or stormtroopers. // Early Nazi years Röhm served as a career officer with the Bavarian Army during... The Sturmabteilung (SA, German for Storm Division and is usually translated as stormtroops or stormtroopers) functioned as a paramilitary organisation of the NSDAP – the German Nazi party. ... General Erich Ludendorff Erich Ludendorff (sometimes given incorrectly as Erich von Ludendorff) (April 9, 1865 – December 20, 1937, Tutzing, Bavaria, Germany) was a German Army officer, noted as a general during World War I. Ludendorff was born in Kruszewnia near Posen, Prussia (now PoznaÅ„, Poland). ...

Encouraged by this early support, Hitler decided to use Ludendorff as a front in an attempt to seize power in the turbulent year 1923. His aim was to emulate Mussolini's March on Rome by a "March on Berlin" but this abortive coup was later known as the Hitler Putsch (and sometimes the Beerhall Putsch). Hitler and Ludendorff obtained the clandestine support of Gustav von Kahr, Bavaria's right-wing de-facto ruler along with leading figures in the Reichswehr and the police. As political posters show, Ludendorff, Hitler and the heads of the Bavarian police and military planned on forming a new government. 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... The Beer Hall Putsch occurred in the evening of Thursday, November 8 to early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923 when the nascent Nazi partys Führer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in Munich... ... The Reichswehr (literally National Defence or National Militia) formed the military organization of Germany from 1918 until 1935, when the government rebranded it as the Wehrmacht (Defence Force). ...

However on November 8, 1923 Kahr and the military withdrew their support during a meeting in the Bürgerbräu beer hall. A surprised Hitler had them arrested and proceeded with the coup. Unknown to him, Kahr and the other detainees had been released on Ludendorff's orders after he obtained their word not to interfere. That night they prepared resistance measures against the coup and in the morning, when the Nazis marched from the beer hall to the Bavarian War Ministry to overthrow what they saw as Bavaria's traitorous government as a start to their "March on Berlin," the army quickly dispersed them (Ludendorff was wounded and a few other Nazis were killed). November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Hitler fled to the home of friends and contemplated suicide. He was soon arrested for high treason and appointed Alfred Rosenberg as temporary leader of the party but found himself in an environment somewhat receptive to his beliefs. During Hitler's trial in April 1924 sympathetic conservative magistrates allowed Hitler to turn his debacle into a propaganda stunt. He was given almost unlimited amounts of time to present his arguments to the court along with a large body of the German people and his popularity soared when he voiced basic nationalistic sentiments shared by the public. For the crime of conspiracy to commit treason Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment at Landsberg prison where he received favoured treatment from the guards and had much fan mail from admirers. While at Landsberg he dictated his political book Mein Kampf (My Struggle) to his deputy Rudolf Hess. The first volume, called "Abrechnung" (payback), was later published and became the platform of the Nazi party (by the late 1930s nearly every household in Germany had a copy of it). Meanwhile, as he was considered relatively harmless, Hitler was given an early amnesty and was released in December 1924. By this time the Nazi party had dwindled and Hitler began a long effort to rebuild it. Ernst Franz Sedgwick Hanfstängl (Munich, February 2, 1887 - November 6, 1975) was a friend of Adolf Hitler and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. ... Under English, and later British law, high treason is the crime of disloyalty to the Sovereign. ... Alfred Rosenberg in 1933 Alfred Rosenberg (January 12, 1893–October 16, 1946) was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi party, who later held several important posts in the Nazi government. ... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Landsberg Prison is a penal facility located at the town of Landsberg am Lech in the SW of the German state of Bavaria, about 30 mi (45 km) W of Munich. ... Cover of Mein Kampf Mein Kampf (German for My Struggle) is a book written by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitlers political ideology of Nazism. ... Rudolf Hess Rudolf Hess should not be confused with another prominent Nazi, Rudolf Höß (also spelled Höss or Hoess. ... 1924 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

A key element of Hitler's appeal was his ability to convey a sense of offended national pride caused by the Treaty of Versailles imposed on the defeated German Empire by the Allies. Germany had lost economically important territory in Europe along with its colonies and in admitting to sole responsibility for the war had agreed to pay a huge reparations bill totaling $6,600,000 (32 billion marks). Most Germans bitterly resented these terms but early Nazi attempts to gain support by blaming these humiliations on "international Jewry" were not particularly successful with the electorate. The party learned quickly and soon a more subtle propaganda emerged, combining anti-Semitism with an attack on the failures of the "Weimar system" and the parties supporting it. Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ... This article or section should include material from German Monarchy The term German Empire (the translation from German of Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... Reparations refers to two distinct ideas: Reparations for slavery of groups or individuals War reparations: Payments from one country to another as compensation for starting a war under a peace treaty, such as those made by Germany to France under the Treaty of Versailles. ... Weimar is a city in Germany. ...

In restoring the party organisation, Hitler asserted the Führerprinzip, or unquestioning obedience to superiors, with all power and authority devolving from the top down -- consistent with his well-documented statements of disdain for democracy, which he considered an unstable and dangerous form of government. Adolf Hitler strongly emphasised the Führerprinzip The Führerprinzip   listen?, the German name for the leader principle, refers to a system with a hierarchy of leaders that resembles a military structure. ...

In 2004, it was discovered that Hitler had spent years evading taxes on income from sales of Mein Kampf. He owed the German government 405,000 Reichmarks (equivalent to $8 million at 2004 exchange rates) by the time he took power and the tax debt was forgiven. 2004(MMIV) is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The road to power

See also the Weimar Timeline. This Weimar Timeline charts the chronology of the Weimar Republic, including the pre-history before the adoption of the actual Weimar constitution. ...

Adolf Hitler with a little girl in traditional Bavarian dress.

The political turning point for Hitler came when the Depression hit Germany in 1930. The democratic Weimar Republic established in 1919 had never been accepted by conservatives and was openly opposed by fascists. While the Social Democrats and traditional parties of the centre and right were unable to cope with the shock of the Depression, in the September 1930 elections the Nazis suddenly rose from relative obscurity to win 18.3% of the vote along with 107 seats in the Reichstag, becoming the second largest party in Germany. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic IPA (German Weimarer Republik). ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The term Reichstag (   listen?) [ɹaɪçtak] (in English: Imperial Diet) is a composition of German Reich (Empire) and tag (which does not mean day here, but is a derivate of the verb tagen, which means to meet or assemble). ...

Hitler appealed to the bulk of German farmers, war veterans and the middle-class who had been hard-hit by both the inflation of the 1920s and the unemployment of the Depression. The urban working classes generally ignored Hitler's appeals (Berlin and the Ruhr towns were particularly hostile). The 1930 election was a disaster for Heinrich Brüning's centre-right government, which was now deprived of a majority in the Reichstag. Sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or primarily in North America as the Roaring Twenties. // Events and trends Technology John T. Thompson invents Thompson submachine gun, also known as Tommy gun John Logie Baird invents the first working mechanical television system (1925) Charles Lindbergh becomes the first person to...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city; down from 4. ... Map of the Ruhr Area The Ruhr Area (German Ruhrgebiet or, colloquially, Ruhrpott) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, consisting of a number of large industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Dr. Heinrich Brüning (November 26, 1885–March 30, 1970) was a German politician and was Chancellor of Germany. ...

Meanwhile in September 1931 Hitler's niece Geli Raubal was found dead in her bedroom in his Munich apartment (his half-sister Angela and her daughter Geli had been with him in Munich since 1929), an apparent suicide. Geli was much younger than he was and had used his gun, drawing rumours of a relationship between the two. The event is viewed as having caused lasting turmoil for him. Geli Raubal Angela Geli Raubal (June 4, 1908 - September 18, 1931) was the daughter of Adolf Hitlers half sister, Angela Raubal. ...

Brüning's austerity measures brought little economic improvement and the government was anxious to avoid a presidential election in 1932, hoping to secure Nazi agreement to an extension of President Paul von Hindenburg's term. Hitler refused and ultimately ran against Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election, coming in second on both rounds, attaining more than 35% of the vote during the second one in April. 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... Paul von Hindenburg President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg (full name Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg) (October 2, 1847 – August 2, 1934) was a German Field Marshal and statesman. ... The presidential election (Reichspräsidentenwahl) of 1932 was the second and final direct election to the office of Reichspräsident (Reich President), Germanys head of state during the 1919_1933 Weimar Republic. ...

Hitler emerges from the Brown House in Munich (headquarters of the Nazi party during the last days of the Weimar Republic) after a post-election meeting in 1930.

Hindenburg dismissed the government and appointed a new one under the ex-military conservative Franz von Papen, which immediately called for new Reichstag elections. In July 1932 the Nazis had their best showing yet, winning 230 seats and becoming the largest party in the Reichstag. Since the Nazis and the communists now together controlled a majority of the Reichstag, the formation of a stable government of mainstream parties was impossible. After a vote of no-confidence in the Papen government, supported by 84% of the delegates, the new Reichstag was dissolved and new elections were called. Download high resolution version (460x620, 48 KB)Image of Adolf Hitler emerging from the Brown House (headquarters of the Nazi party during the last days of the Republic) after a post-election meeting in 1930. ... Download high resolution version (460x620, 48 KB)Image of Adolf Hitler emerging from the Brown House (headquarters of the Nazi party during the last days of the Republic) after a post-election meeting in 1930. ... Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen (October 29, 1879–May 2, 1969) was a German politician and diplomat associated with the Centre Party. ... 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ...

Papen and the Centre Party (Zentrumspartei) separately began negotiations to secure Nazi participation in order to provide a new government with a basis in parliament. Hitler however set high terms, demanding the Chancellorship along with the President's agreement that he be able to use the 1919 constitution's sweeping emergency powers. Hence the negotiations failed. During the November 1932 elections the Nazis lost votes although they remained the largest party in the Reichstag. After Papen failed to secure a majority he proposed to dissolve parliament again along with an indefinite postponement of elections. Hindenburg at first accepted this, but after General Kurt von Schleicher and the military withdrew their support, Hindenburg instead dismissed Papen and appointed Schleicher, who promised he could secure a majority government by negotiations with both the Social Democratic labour unions and the dissident Nazi faction led by Gregor Strasser. The factual accuracy of this article is Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic. ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882–30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882–30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ... Gregor Strasser Gregor Strasser (May 31, 1892 - June 30, 1934) was an early leader of the German National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP) or Nazi Party. ...

In November 1932, Fritz Thyssen, Hjalmar Schacht and other leading German businessmen appealed to Hindenburg in a letter to appoint Hitler as leader of a government "independent from parliamentary parties" which could turn into a movement that would "enrapture millions of people." [3] Finally, Papen and Alfred Hugenberg (Chairman of the German National People's Party, the DNVP, which before the Nazis had been Germany's principal right-wing party) conspired to persuade Hindenburg to appoint Hitler Chancellor in a coalition with the DNVP, promising they would be able to control him and stabilize the government. When Schleicher was forced to admit failure in his efforts to form a coalition and asked for emergency powers along with the same postponement of elections he had opposed earlier, Hindenburg fired him and reluctantly agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor, Papen Vice-Chancellor and Hugenberg Minister of Economics in a cabinet which included three Nazis in key positions (Hitler, Göring and Wilhelm Frick). On the morning of January 30, 1933 in Hindenburg's office Adolf Hitler was sworn in as Chancellor during what some observers later described as a brief and indifferent ceremony. Fritz Thyssen (November 9, 1873 - February 8, 1951) was a German industrialist associated with the Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler. ... Dr. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (January 22, 1877 - June 3, 1970) was a German financial expert and Minister of Economics from 1935 until 1937. ... Alfred Hugenberg (June 19, 1865 - March 12, 1951) was an influential German businessman and politician. ... The German National Peoples Party (German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei) (DNVP) was a right wing national_conservative party in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. ... The Vice-Chancellor of Germany (Vizekanzler) in Germany is often the Minister of Foreign Affairs. ... Wilhelm Frick (March 12, 1877 – October 16, 1946) was a prominent Nazi official. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius), an official title used by most of the peoples whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman empire. ...

Adolf Hitler greeting supporters from aboard a parade vehicle.

After the Reichstag was set on fire (and the communists were blamed for it), the Reichstag Fire Decree (28 February) suspended basic rights including habeas corpus. On 5 March 1933, in elections marred by paramilitary violence, the Nazis received 43.9% of the vote, which brought the coalition between them and the DNVP an absolute majority. Hitler further strengthened his parliamentary basis by detaining Communist deputies and (illegally) excluding them from parliament. Adolf Hitler on a parade vehicle Presumed public domain; see Wikipedia_talk:Image_copyright_tags#WWII_Nazi_pictures This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Adolf Hitler on a parade vehicle Presumed public domain; see Wikipedia_talk:Image_copyright_tags#WWII_Nazi_pictures This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The Reichstag fire was a pivotal event in the establishment of Nazi Germany. ... The Reichstag Fire Decree (in German, Reichstagsbrandverordnung) is the commonly used abbreviation for the law that was passed by the Nazi government in direct response to the Reichstag fire of February 27, 1933. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The German National Peoples Party (German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei) (DNVP) was a right wing national_conservative party in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...

At an impressive constitutional opening ceremony of the Reichstag, held in the replacement parliament building on 21 March, both Hindenburg and the world press were impressed by Hitler's apparent acceptance of constitutional government. March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ...

The government confronted the newly elected Reichstag with the Enabling Act which gave Hitler's cabinet sweeping legislative powers. The bill required a two-thirds majority in order to pass and the Nazis needed support from other parties. The Centre Party was split on this issue, but eventually followed its chairman, Monsignor Kaas, who had advocated supporting the bill in parliament in return for government giving sundry guarantees to civil servants belonging to the Centre Party along with freedom and autonomy of the Catholic Church. These guarantees were orally transmitted and Kaas was promised a letter with them in writing. The term Reichstag (   listen?) [ɹaɪçtak] (in English: Imperial Diet) is a composition of German Reich (Empire) and tag (which does not mean day here, but is a derivate of the verb tagen, which means to meet or assemble). ... Note: For the Nazi law, see Enabling Act. ... Monsignor Ludwig Kaas (23 May 1881-15 April 1952) was a Roman Catholic priest, and a prominent German politician during the Weimar Republic. ...

On 23 March the Reichstag assembled under turbulent circumstances. Some SA paramilitaries served as guards as others crowded outside the building to intimidate opposing views. Hitler gave a speech which emphasized the importance of both Christian denominations to German culture. Later that day, still waiting for the promised letter, Kaas gave his speech, voicing the Centre's support for the bill amid "concerns put aside." At last, all parties except the Social Democrats voted in favour of the Enabling Act, which was dutifully renewed every four years, even through World War II. March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... The term Reichstag (   listen?) [ɹaɪçtak] (in English: Imperial Diet) is a composition of German Reich (Empire) and tag (which does not mean day here, but is a derivate of the verb tagen, which means to meet or assemble). ... The Sturmabteilung (SA, German for Storm Division and is usually translated as stormtroops or stormtroopers) functioned as a paramilitary organisation of the NSDAP – the German Nazi party. ... SPD redirects here. ... Note: For the Nazi law, see Enabling Act. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the globe...

With this combination of legislative and executive power, Hitler's government soon suppressed all opposition. The SPD was banned and all other political parties dissolved themselves. Labour unions were merged with employers' federations into an organisation under Nazi control and the autonomy of state governments was severely diminished. Hitler also used the SA paramilitary to push Hugenberg into resigning and proceeded to politically isolate Vice Chancellor von Papen. Meanwhile the SA was growing into an independent power of its own and Hitler used allegations of a plot by the SA leader Ernst Röhm to purge the paramilitary force's leadership during the Night of the Long Knives. Opponents unconnected with the SA were also murdered, notably Gregor Strasser and former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher. SPD redirects here. ... SA may stand for: Sturmabteilung (SA, Storm Troopers as in Nazi Germany) Salvation Army San Antonio Saudi Arabia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code) Seaman Apprentice Second Age of J. R. R. Tolkiens Middle-earth (usually written S.A.) Security Association in the IPsec networking protocol selective availability... SA may stand for: Sturmabteilung (SA, Storm Troopers as in Nazi Germany) Salvation Army San Antonio Saudi Arabia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code) Seaman Apprentice Second Age of J. R. R. Tolkiens Middle-earth (usually written S.A.) Security Association in the IPsec networking protocol selective availability... Ernst Röhm Ernst Röhm (or Roehm) (November 28, 1887, Munich; July 1, 1934, Munich-Stadelheim prison, murdered) was a German military officer and commander and co-founder of the Nazi Sturmarbeitlung or stormtroopers. // Early Nazi years Röhm served as a career officer with the Bavarian Army during... The Night of the Long Knives (1934) (German, Nacht der langen Messer), also known as Reichsmordwoche or the Blood Purge, was a lethal purge of potential political rivals in the Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. ... SA may stand for: Sturmabteilung (SA, Storm Troopers as in Nazi Germany) Salvation Army San Antonio Saudi Arabia (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code) Seaman Apprentice Second Age of J. R. R. Tolkiens Middle-earth (usually written S.A.) Security Association in the IPsec networking protocol selective availability... Gregor Strasser Gregor Strasser (May 31, 1892 - June 30, 1934) was an early leader of the German National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP) or Nazi Party. ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882–30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ...

Soon after, president Paul von Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934. Rather than hold new presidential elections Hitler's cabinet passed a law combining the offices of president and chancellor with Hitler holding both offices (which included the president's decree powers) as leader and national chancellor. This consolidation was approved by 90% of the electorate in mid-August 1934. Then in an unprecedented step, Hitler ordered every member of the military to swear a personal oath of allegiance to him. Paul von Hindenburg President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg (full name Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg) (October 2, 1847 – August 2, 1934) was a German Field Marshal and statesman. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Swearing originally meant making an oath, and this usage is still used today in official and legal contexts. ... An oath (from Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. ...

The Third Reich

Photographs like this one were used to promote Hitler's populist-nationalist (Volkish) image.

See also Nazi Germany This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ...

Having secured supreme political power without an electoral mandate from the majority of Germans, Hitler went on to gain their support by persuading most Germans he was their saviour from the Depression, the Communists, the Versailles Treaty, and the Jews along with other "undesirable" minorities.

Economics and culture

Hitler oversaw one of the greatest expansions of industrial production and civil improvement Germany had ever seen, mostly based on debt flotation and expansion of the military. Nazi policies towards women strongly encouraged them to stay at home to bear children and keep house. The unemployment rate was cut substantially, mostly through arms production and sending women home so that men could take their jobs. Given this, claims that the German economy achieved near full employment are at least partly artifacts of propaganda from the era. Frankfurt is Germanys commercial centre Germany is the worlds third largest economy and the largest in Europe. ... In economics, full employment has more than one meaning. ...

Hitler also oversaw one of the largest infrastructure improvement campaigns in German history, with the construction of dozens of dams, autobahns, railroads and other civil works. Hitler's policies emphasised the importance of family life: Men were the "breadwinners", while women's priorities were to be "church, kitchen and children", in German Kirche, Küche und Kinder or "Drei K" (three Ks). The German autobahn sign Autobahn (pronounced in IPA, plural Autobahnen) is the German word for a major high-speed road confined to motor vehicles and having full control of access. ...

Hitler's government sponsored architecture on an immense scale, with Albert Speer becoming famous as the first architect of the Reich. In 1936 Berlin hosted the summer Olympic games, which were opened by Hitler and choreographed to demonstrate Aryan superiority over all other races. Olympia, the movie about the games and documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party were directed by Hitler's personal film-maker Leni Riefenstahl. Albert Speer   Albert Speer? (March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer in Mannheim, Germany, the second of three sons. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Games of the XI Olympiad were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. ... Olympia is a 1938 film` by Leni Riefenstahl documenting the 1936 Summer Olympics. ... Riefenstahl in The Blue Light, 1931 Berta Helene Amalie Leni Riefenstahl (August 22, 1902 - September 8, 2003) was a German actress, director and filmmaker widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. ...

Although Hitler made plans for a Breitspurbahn (broad gauge railroad network), they were pre-empted by World War II. Had the railroad been built, its gauge would have been three meters, even wider than the old Great Western Railway of Britain. The Breitspurbahn was a wide-track railroad planned by Adolf Hitler during his rulership of Germany. ... Great Western Railway broad gauge steam locomotives awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion to standard gauge. ... The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ...

In 1932 Hitler was instrumental in initiating the design work on the car that later became the Volkswagen Beetle.^[4] 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... The Volkswagen Beetle or Bug or Käfer is a small family car, the best known car of Volkswagen, of Germany, and almost certainly the world. ...

Repression

Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler (Left)

The Gestapo-SS complex (the SS and Gestapo organisations) were primarily responsible for repression in the Nazi state. This was implemented not only against political enemies such as communists but also against perceived "asocials" such as habitual criminals and the work-shy along with "racial enemies," mainly Jews. Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. ... Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler. ... Heinrich Himmler   Heinrich Himmler? (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... The infamous double-sig rune SS insignia. ... The Deaths Head emblem, often used as the insignia of the Gestapo The   Gestapo? (acronym of Geheime Staatspolizei; secret state police) was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. ...

The racial policies of Nazi Germany during the early to mid-1930s included the harassment and persecution of Jews through legislation, restrictions on civil rights and limiting their economic opportunities. Under the 1935 Nuremberg Laws Jews lost their German citizenship and were expelled from government employment, the professions and most forms of economic activity. The policy was successful in causing the emigration of many thousands but nevertheless turned increasingly violent in the mid to late 1930s. In 1938 a pogrom orchestrated by Joseph Goebbels and endorsed by Hitler called Kristallnacht destroyed many Jewish businesses and synagogues and resulted in about 100 deaths. Between November 1938 and September 1939 more than 180,000 Jews fled Germany and the Nazis seized whatever property they left behind. From 1941 Jews were required to wear a yellow star in public. Throughout the 1930s the Propaganda Ministry disseminated anti-Semitic propaganda. 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1933 to 1939 Nazi racial policy changed extensively in the years between 1933 and 1939. ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... Kristallnacht, also known as Reichskristallnacht (literally Imperial Crystal Night), Pogromnacht and in English as The Night of Broken Glass, was a massive nationwide pogrom in Germany and Austria on the night of November 9, 1938 (including early hours of the following day). ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Rearmament and new alliances

Mussolini and Hitler.

In March 1935 Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles by reintroducing conscription in Germany. He set about building a massive military machine, including a new Navy (the Kriegsmarine) and an Air Force (the Luftwaffe). The enlistment of vast numbers of men and women in the new military seemed to solve unemployment problems but seriously distorted the economy. For the first time in a generation, Germany's armed forces were as strong as those of her antagonistic neighbour, France. Image File history File links Mussolini_hitler. ... Image File history File links Mussolini_hitler. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ... The Kriegsmarine (or War Navy) was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945, during the Nazi regime, superseding the Reichsmarine. ... The   Luftwaffe? (German: air force, IPA: [luftvafÉ™]) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ...

In March 1936 Hitler again violated the Treaty of Versailles by reoccupying the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland. When Britain and France did nothing, he grew bolder. In July 1936 the Spanish Civil War began when the military, led by General Francisco Franco, rebelled against the elected Popular Front government of Spain. Hitler sent troops to support Franco and Spain served as a testing ground for Germany's new armed forces and their methods, including the bombing of undefended towns such as Guernica, which was destroyed by the Luftwaffe in April 1937, prompting Pablo Picasso's famous eponymous painting (see Guernica). 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was Head of State of Spain from 1936 until his death in 1975. ... Popular Fronts comprise broad coalitions of political and other groups, often made up of oppositioners or left wingers, and often united against particularly stringent circumstances. ... Guernica or Guernica y Lumo (Basque Gernika-Lumo, pronounced in IPA [gernika]) is a small city in the Spanish Basque Country that was the meeting place of the Biscayne assembly under an oak tree, the Gernikako Arbola, which was a symbol of traditional freedoms of the Basque people. ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Young Pablo Picasso The first cubist painting, Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907) Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art, probably most famous as the founder, along with Georges Braque, of Cubism. ... An eponym is a person, whether real or fictitious, whose name has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Guernica is one of the most famous paintings by Pablo Picasso, depicting the consequences of the bombing of Guernica. ...

An Axis was declared between Germany and Italy by Galeazzo Ciano, foreign minister of Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini on October 25, 1936. This alliance was later expanded to include Japan, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. They were collectively known as the Axis Powers. Then on November 5, 1937, at the Reich Chancellory, Adolf Hitler held a secret meeting and stated his plans for acquiring "living space" (Lebensraum) for the German people. Galeazzo Ciano Galeazzo Ciano, Count of Cortellazzo (March 18, 1903 - January 11, 1944), was Benito Mussolinis Foreign Minister and son-in-law. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... 1936 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Axis Powers is a term for the loose alliance of participants in World War II led by Germany, Italy, and Japan. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The German Reichskanzlei (Imperial Chancellery) was the traditional name of the office of the German Chancellor (Reichskanzler). ... Lebensraum (from the German for living space) is an idea that was used to justify the expansionist politics of Nazi Germany. ...

The Holocaust

Adolf Hitler with Heinrich Himmler, chief of the SS (charged with rounding up Jews, Gypsies and so-called "enemies of the state").

For more details on this topic, see Holocaust.

Between 1939 and 1945 the SS, assisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, systematically killed at least 11 million people (other estimates are as high as 26 million; 6 million of whom were Jews^[5]) in concentration camps, ghettos and mass executions, or through less systematic methods elsewhere.^[6] Besides being gassed to death, many also died of starvation and disease while working as slave labourers. Along with Jews, non-Jewish Poles (over 3 million of whom died), alleged communists or political opposition, homosexuals, dissenting Roman Catholics and Protestants, Roma, the physically handicapped and mentally retarded, Soviet prisoners of war, Jehovah's Witnesses, anti-Nazi clergy, trade unionists, and psychiatric patients were killed. This industrial-scale genocide in Europe is referred to as the Holocaust. Himmler and Hitler This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Heinrich Himmler   Heinrich Himmler? (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... The infamous double-sig rune SS insignia. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ... Hey. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Slavery is any of a number of related conditions involving control of a person against his or her will, enforced by violence or other clear forms of coercion. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Since its coining, the term homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ... See also: Handicap (competition) Handicapped is an adjective used to refer to a person or animal who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs. ... Mental retardation (abbreviated as MR), is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal intellectual capacity as an adult. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Area  - Total  - % water Largest on the planet 22,402,200 km²  ?% Population  - Total  - Density 3rd before collapse 293,047,571 (July... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ...

The massacres that led to the coining of the word "genocide" (the Endlösung or "Final Solution") were planned and ordered by leading Nazis, with Himmler playing a key role. While no specific order from Hitler authorising the mass killing of the Jews has surfaced, there is documentation he approved the Einsatzgruppen and the evidence also suggests that sometime in the fall of 1941 Himmler and Hitler agreed in principle on mass extermination by gassing. During interrogations by Soviet intelligence officers declassified over fifty years later, Hitler's valet Heinz Linge and his military aide Otto Gunsche said Hitler had "pored over the first blueprints of gas chambers." Look up Genocide on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Genocide means mass murder of a particular ethnic group. ... The Final Solution of the Jewish Question (German Endlösung der Judenfrage) refers to the German Nazis plan to address the Jewish problem through systematic relocation and later extermination through genocide during World War II. The term was coined by Adolf Eichmann, a top Nazi official who supervised the genocidal... Einsatzgruppen (a German military term meaning mission groups) were semi-military groups formed in Nazi Germany before and during World War II. These death squads belonged to the SS and followed the Wehrmacht in their attacks first on Poland and then the Soviet Union. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

To make for smoother intra-governmental cooperation in the implementation of this "Final Solution" to the "Jewish question", the Wannsee conference was held near Berlin on January 20, 1942, with fifteen senior officials participating, led by Reinhard Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann. The records of this meeting provide the clearest evidence of central planning for the Holocaust. Days later, on February 22, Hitler was recorded saying to his closest associates, "we shall regain our health only by eliminating the Jews". The Wannsee Conference was the discussion by a group of Nazi officials about the Final Solution of the Jewish Question (Endlösung der Judenfrage). ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Reinhard Heydrich as SS-Gruppenführer Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (March 7, 1904 – June 4, 1942) was an SS-Obergruppenführer , chief of the Reich Main Security Office, and Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia. ... Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940 Photo from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

World War II

Opening moves

On March 12, 1938, Hitler pressured his native Austria into unification with Germany (the Anschluss) and made a triumphal entry into Vienna. Next he intensified a crisis over the German-speaking Sudetenland district of Czechoslovakia. This led to the Munich Agreement of September 1938, which British prime minister Neville Chamberlain hailed as "Peace in our time". At Munich, Britain and France had weakly given way to his demands, averting war but failing to save Czechoslovakia. As a result of the summit Hitler was TIME magazine's Man of the Year in 1938. March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in Leap years). ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... German troops march into Austria on 12 March 1938. ... Sudetenland (-German; Czech: Sudety) was the name used from 1938–45 for the region inhabited mostly by Sudeten Germans (German: Sudetendeutsche, Czech: Sudetští Němci) in the various places of Bohemia, Moravia, and parts of Silesia. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Right Honourable Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869–9 November 1940) was a British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937–1940. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ... Person of the Year is an annual issue of U.S. newsmagazine TIME that features a profile ostensibly on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that for better or worse, has most influenced events in the preceding year. ...

Hitler ordered Germany's army to enter Prague on March 10, 1939, claiming territories ceded to Poland under the Versailles Treaty. Britain had not been able to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union for an alliance against Germany, and, on August 23, 1939, Hitler concluded a secret non-aggression pact (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) with Stalin. On September 1 Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France, who had guaranteed assistance to Poland, declared war on Germany. Prague (Czech: Praha, see also other names) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... Hey. ... Woodrow Wilson with the American Peace Commissioners The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers. ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... Hey. ... Molotov (lower left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin (far right) The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Ribbentrop-Molotov pact or Nazi-Soviet pact and formally known as the Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was in theory a...   Joseph Stalin? (Russian, in full: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин (Josef Vissarionovich Stalin), real name: Иосиф Виссарионович Джугашвили (Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvilli), Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი (Iosif Dzhugashvilli); December 6 (OS)/December 18 (NS), 1878 – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ...

Adolf Hitler in Paris, 23 June 1940.

After conquering Poland by the end of September, Hitler built up his forces much further during what was colloquially called the Sitzkrieg (sitting war). The Sitzkrieg ended in March 1940 when he ordered German forces to march into Denmark and Norway. In May 1940, Hitler ordered his forces to attack France, conquering the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium in the process. France surrendered on June 22, 1940. This string of victories convinced his main ally, Benito Mussolini of Italy, to join the war on Hitler's side in May 1940. Download high resolution version (1049x1461, 141 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1049x1461, 141 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Phony War, or in Winston Churchills words the Twilight War, was the phase of World War II marked by no military operations in Continental Europe, that followed the collapse of Poland. ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ...

Britain, whose forces had been driven from France at the coastal town of Dunkirk, continued to fight on alone. After having his overtures for peace systematically rejected by the British Government, now led by Winston Churchill, Hitler ordered bombing raids on the British Isles, leading to the Battle of Britain, which was meant to be the prelude of a German invasion. However, the RAF defeated the Luftwaffe by the end of October 1940, and Hitler therefore ordered bombing raids to be carried out on British cities, including London and Coventry, mostly at night. This was the so-called Blitz and it lasted until May 1941. Location within France For the battleship, see Dunkerque Dunkirk (French: Dunkerque; Dutch: Duinkerke; German: Dünkirchen) is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the département of Nord, 10 km from the Belgian border. ... The Right Honourable Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, FRS PC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... A major campaign of World War II, the Battle of Britain is the name for the attempt by Germanys Luftwaffe to gain air superiority of British airspace and destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF). ... The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the UK Armed Forces. ... The   Luftwaffe? (German: air force, IPA: [luftvafÉ™]) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster, which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... The Precinct in Coventry city centre For alternative meanings see: Coventry (disambiguation) Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. ... German bomber over the Surrey Docks, London The Blitz (also called the London Blitz), a popular English contraction of the German word Blitzkrieg, meaning Lightning War, was the sustained and intensive bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany during 1940-1941. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

On June 22, 1941, Hitler gave the signal for three million German troops to attack the Soviet Union, breaking the non-aggression pact he had concluded with Stalin less than two years earlier. This invasion, called Operation Barbarossa, seized huge amounts of territory, especially the Baltic states and Ukraine, resulting in the destruction of many Soviet forces. German forces were stopped short of Moscow in December 1941 by a harsh winter and fierce Soviet resistance, however (see Battle of Moscow), and the invasion failed to achieve the quick triumph over the Soviet Union which Hitler had anticipated. June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Original German plan Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the German codename for Nazi Germanys invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on June 22, 1941. ... The Battle of Moscow refers to the defense of the Soviet capital of Moscow and the subsequent counter-offensive against the German army, between October 1941 and January 1942 on the Eastern Front of World War II. // The German invasion On 22 June 1941 Germany and its Axis allies invaded...

Path to defeat

Hitler's declaration of war against the United States on December 11, 1941, (which arguably was called for by Germany's treaty with Japan) set him against a coalition that included the world's largest empire (the British Empire), the world's greatest industrial and financial power (the USA), and the world's largest army (the Soviet Union). December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps The British Empire was the worlds first global power, a product of the European Age of Exploration that began with the global maritime empires of Portugal and Spain in the late 1400s. ...

In late 1942, German forces under Feldmarschall Erwin Rommel were defeated in the battle of El Alamein, thwarting Hitler's plans to seize the Suez Canal and the Middle East. In February of 1943, the months-long Battle of Stalingrad ended with the complete destruction of the German forces there by armies of the Soviet Union. Both defeats were turning points in the war. After these, the quality of Hitler's military judgement became increasingly erratic and Germany's military and economic position deteriorated. His health was deteriorating too. His left hand started shaking uncontrollably. The biographer Ian Kershaw believes he suffered from Parkinson's disease. Other conditions that are suspected by some to have caused some (at least) of his symptoms are methamphetamine addiction and syphilis. Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (   listen?) (November 15, 1891 – October 14, 1944) was one of the most distinguished German Field Marshals and commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps in World War II. He is also known by his nickname The Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs,   listen?), for the skillful military campaigns he... El Alamein is a town in northern Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea coast. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal (Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, is a 163-km maritime canal in Egypt between Port Said (BÅ«r SaÄ«d) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... The Battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in World War II, and is considered the bloodiest and largest battle in human history. ... For the British actor, please see Ian Kershaw (actor). ... Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria and is highly addictive. ... Addiction is a compulsion to repeat a behavior regardless of its consequences. ... hey rob im good (Y) ...

Hitler's ally Benito Mussolini was overthrown in 1943 after British and American forces invaded Sicily. Throughout 1943 and 1944, the Soviet Union steadily forced Hitler's armies into retreat along the eastern front. On June 6, 1944 (D-Day) the Western allied armies landed in northern France. Realists in the German army knew defeat was inevitable and some officers plotted to remove Hitler from power. In July 1944 one of them, Claus von Stauffenberg, planted a bomb at Hitler's military headquarters (the so-called July 20 Plot), but Hitler narrowly escaped death. He ordered savage reprisals, resulting in the executions of more than 4,000 people (often by starvation in solitary confinement followed by slow strangulation). The resistance movement was crushed. Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Land on Normandy In military parlance, D-Day is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Claus von Stauffenberg Claus Philipp Maria Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg (November 15, 1907 – July 21, 1944) was a German aristocrat and army colonel during World War II. He was one of the leading figures of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ... The July 20 Plot was a failed coup détat which involved an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. ...

Defeat and death

Adolf Hitler shaking hands with Feldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner in the bunker, one of the last known photos of Hitler.

For more details on this topic, see Hitler's death.

By the end of 1944 the Soviets had driven the last German troops from their territory and began charging into Central Europe. The western armies were advancing into Germany. The Germans had lost the war from a military perspective but Hitler allowed no peace talks with the Allied forces and as a consequence the German military continued to fight. By April 1945 Soviet forces were at the gates of Berlin. Hitler's closest lieutenants urged him to flee to Bavaria or Austria to make a last stand in the mountains but he was determined to die in his capital. SS leader Heinrich Himmler tried on his own to inform the Allies through a Swedish diplomat that Germany was prepared to surrender. Hitler got news of this through Swedish radio and fired him. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner Ferdinand Schörner (December 5, 1892 - February 7, 1973) was a German general and later field marshal during World War II. He was born in Munich, Bavaria. ... The front cover of Time magazine, May 7, 1945. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The infamous double-sig rune SS insignia. ... Heinrich Himmler   Heinrich Himmler? (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ...

As Soviet troops battled their way toward his Reich Chancellory in the centre of the city, Hitler is generally believed to have committed suicide in his Führerbunker on 30 April 1945, in Berlin by means of a self-delivered shot to the head (some disputed accounts add that he simultaneously bit into a cyanide ampoule). Hitler's body and that of Eva Braun, his long-term mistress whom he had married the day before, were partially burned with petrol and hastily buried shortly thereafter in the Chancellory garden with Russian shells pouring down from all directions on central Berlin and Russian infantry less than a few hundred meters from the Führerbunker/Chancellory garden. The German Reichskanzlei (Imperial Chancellery) was the traditional name of the office of the German Chancellor (Reichskanzler). ... The Führerbunker (or Fuehrerbunker) is a common name for a certain complex of subterranean rooms in Berlin, Germany where Adolf Hitler committed suicide during World War II. The bunker was the last of Hitlers Führerhauptquartiere or Fuehrer Headquarters (another was the famous Wolfsschanze). ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...   Berlin? (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city; down from 4. ... A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the group C≡N, with the carbon atom triple bonded to the nitrogen atom. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ...

When Russian forces reached the Chancellory, they exhumed his body and performed an autopsy, using dental records (and German dental assistants who were familiar with them) to confirm the identification. To avoid any possibility of creating a potential shrine, the remains were then secretly buried by SMERSH at their new headquarters in Magdeburg. In April 1970, when the facility was about to be turned over to the East German government, the remains were reportedly exhumed, thoroughly burned and disposed of in the Elbe river. In Moscow there is a skull and a mandible fragment which is said to be Hitler's (having been saved from the dental identification process). DNA samples have been compared to those of known surviving Hitler relatives and the matching results indicate the fragment is most likely genuine. SMERSH (short for SMERt SHpionam (СМЕРть Шпионам), or Death to Spies) was the name of counterintelligence departments in the Soviet Union formed during the Great Patriotic War, to secure the rear of the active Red Army, on the front to arrest traitors, deserters, spies, and criminal elements. // History The organization was created... Magdeburg, the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, lies on the Elbe river. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... This article is about the human bone. ... Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ...

Legacy

• I would have preferred it if he'd followed his original ambition and become an architect. —Paula Hitler (his younger sister), during an interview with a U.S. intelligence operative in late 1945.

At the time of Hitler's death most of Germany's infrastructure and major cities were in ruins and he had left explicit orders to complete the destruction. Millions of Germans were dead with millions more wounded or homeless. In his will he dismissed other Nazi leaders and appointed Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as Reichspräsident (President of Germany) and Goebbels as Reichskanzler (Chancellor of Germany). However, Goebbels and his wife Magda committed suicide on 1 May 1945. On 8 May 1945, in Reims, France the German armed forces surrendered unconditionally ending the war in Europe and with the creation of the Allied Control Council on 5 June 1945, the Four Powers assumed "supreme authority with respect to Germany." Adolf Hitler's proclaimed Thousand Year Reich had lasted 12 years. Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz. ... The Federal President (German: Bundespräsident, formerly Reichspräsident) is Germanys head of state. ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... The head of government in Germany has traditionally been called Kanzler (Chancellor). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article chronicles the end of the European Theatre of World War II in late April and early May 1945. ... The Control Council headquarters The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in German as the Alliierter Kontrollrat, was a military occupation governing body of Germany after the end of World War II in Europe; the members were the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Since the defeat of Germany in World War II, Hitler, the Nazi Party and the results of Nazism have been regarded in most of the world as synonymous with evil. Historical and cultural portrayals of Hitler in the west are almost uniformly negative, often neglecting to mention the adulation the German people bestowed on Hitler during his lifetime, though the vast majority of present-day Germans share a negative view of Hitler. This article chronicles the long and short-term consequences of German Nazism on the countries and communities it affected during World War II and the Holocaust, most of which were detrimental. ... Evil is a term describing that which is regarded as morally bad, intrinsically corrupt, wantonly destructive, inhumane, or wicked. ... Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889–30 April 1945) was the Führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ...

The copyright of Hitler's book Mein Kampf is held by the Free State of Bavaria and will expire in 2015. Reproductions in Germany are generally authorized only for scholarly purposes and in heavily commented form. The display of swastikas or other Nazi symbols is prohibited in Germany and political extremists are generally under surveillance by the Verfassungsschutz, the federal office for the protection of the constitution. Cover of Mein Kampf Mein Kampf (German for My Struggle) is a book written by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitlers political ideology of Nazism. ... The Free State of Bavaria (German: Bayern or Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... 2015 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The swastika () is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles either clockwise or anticlockwise. ... Verfassungsschutz (Constitution Protection) is the short name for any of Germanys federal and state-based secret services for the interior. ...

Despite this there have been instances of public figures referring to his legacy in neutral or even favourable terms, particularly in South America, the Islamic World and parts of Asia. Future Egyptian President Anwar Sadat wrote favourably of Hitler in 1953. Bal Thackeray, leader of the right-wing Shiv Sena party in the Indian state of Maharashtra, declared in 1995 that he was an admirer of Hitler. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... The Islamic world is the world-wide community of those who identify with Islam, known as Muslims, and who number approximately one-and-a-half billion people. ... World map showing location of Asia Asia is the central and eastern part of Eurasia, defined by subtracting Europe from Eurasia. ... Mohamed Anwar el-Sadat (محمد أنورالسادات in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Bal Thackeray (or Balasaheb Thackeray) (born January 23, 1927) is the founder and supremo (officially, the president) of the political party Shiv Sena in India. ... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

While some Revisionist historians note Hitler's attempts to improve the economic and political standing and conditions of his people and claim his tactics were in essence no different from those of many other leaders in history, his methods and legacy, as interpreted by most historians, have caused him to be one of the most despised leaders in history. Historical revisionism is the reexamination of the accepted facts and interpretations of history, with an eye towards updating it with newly discovered, more accurate, and less biased information. ...

See also: Consequences of German Nazism and Neo-Nazism. This article chronicles the long and short-term consequences of German Nazism on the countries and communities it affected during World War II and the Holocaust, most of which were detrimental. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ...

Medical health

For more details on this topic, see Adolf Hitler's medical health.

Hitler's medical health has long been the subject of debate, and he has variously been suggested to have suffered from irritable bowel syndrome, skin lesions, irregular heartbeat, tremors on the left side of his body, syphilis, Parkinson's disease and a strongly suggested addiction to methamphetamines. Adolf Hitlers medical health has long been a subject of controversy. ... Skin Lesions can include moles, cysts, warts or skin tags. ... A cardiac arrhythmia, also called cardiac dysrhythmia, is a disturbance in the regular rhythm of the heartbeat. ... hey rob im good (Y) ... Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria and is highly addictive. ...

Hitler's family

Adolf Hitler's Genealogy

See also: Hitler (disambiguation) Download high resolution version (1000x561, 132 KB) hitler was the best war commander of all time File links The following pages link to this file: Adolf Hitler ... Download high resolution version (1000x561, 132 KB) hitler was the best war commander of all time File links The following pages link to this file: Adolf Hitler ... There have been several persons named Hitler: Adolf Hitler, (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was the Führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party and was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ...

Sketch of Eva Braun by Hitler

• Eva Braun, mistress and then wife
• Alois Hitler, father
• Klara Hitler, mother
• Paula Hitler, sister
• Alois Hitler, Jr., half-brother
• Bridget Dowling, sister-in-law
• William Patrick Hitler, nephew
• Angela Hitler Raubal, half-sister
• Geli Raubal, niece and rumoured mistress
• Maria Schicklgruber, grandmother
• Johann Georg Hiedler, presumed grandfather
• Johann von Nepomuk Hiedler, maternal great-grandfather, presumed great uncle and possibly Hitler's true paternal grandfather

Eva Braun by Adolf Hitler This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Eva Braun by Adolf Hitler This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ... Alois Hitler Alois Hitler, born Aloys Schicklgruber (7 June 1837 - 3 January 1903) was the father of Adolf Hitler. ... Klara Hitler Klara Hitler born Klara Pölzl (August 12, 1860 - December 21, 1907), was the mother of Adolf Hitler. ... Paula Hitler Paula Hitler (21 January 1896 - 1 June 1960) was the younger sister of Adolf Hitler and the last child of Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Pölzl. ... Alois Hitler, Jr. ... Bridget Elizabeth Dowling Hitler (alternative Brigid) (1891-1969) was Adolf Hitlers sister-in-law via her marriage to Alois Hitler, Jr. ... William Patrick Hitler William Patrick Hitler (March 12, 1911–November 1987), nicknamed Willie, was the nephew of Adolf Hitler. ... Adolf Hitler with his halfsister Angela Angela Raubal Hamitsch, born Angela Hitler (July 28, 1883 - October 30, 1949), was the elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler. ... Geli Raubal Angela Geli Raubal (June 4, 1908 - September 18, 1931) was the daughter of Adolf Hitlers half sister, Angela Raubal. ... Maria Anna Schicklgruber (April 15, 1795 – January 7, 1847) was Adolf Hitlers paternal grandmother. ... In German history, Johann Georg Hiedler (September 28, 1792 – 1857) was born to Martin Hiedler (November 17, 1762 - January 10, 1829) and Anna Maria Goschl (August 23, 1760 - December 7, 1854). ... Johann von Nepomuk Hiedler, also known as Johann von Nepomuk Hüttler (March 19, 1807 - September 17, 1888), was a maternal great-grandfather and possibly also the paternal grandfather of Adolf Hitler. ...

The origin of the name "Hitler"

There are two theories about the origin of the name "Hitler":

• (1) From German Hüttler and similar, "one who lives in a hut", "shepherd".
• (2) From Slavonic Hidlar and Hidlarcek and similar.

The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ...

Trivia

• The archives of the Finnish Yleisradio broadcasting company contain an audio tape segment of a Hitler conversation with Finnish Marshal Mannerheim and other officers which may be the only known recording of Hitler speaking in a conversational tone of voice rather than with the intense delivery he used for official speeches. It was secretly recorded by Finnish intelligence agents when Hitler unexpectedly flew to Finland to congratulate Marshall Mannerheim on his 75th birthday on 4 June 1942. According to the IMDb "His speech is 'working class language' and his turns of phrase reflect the speaker's educational shortcomings." Swiss actor Bruno Ganz is said to have studied the eleven-minute recording extensively while preparing for his portrayal of Hitler in the 2004 German film Der Untergang.

• Most of Hitler's biographers have characterized him as a vegetarian who abstained from eating meat beginning in the early 1930s until his death (although his actual dietary habits are sometimes hotly disputed). A fear of cancer (which his mother Klara Hitler died from) is the most widely cited reason. He did consume dairy products and eggs. Martin Bormann constructed a large greenhouse close to the Berghof (near Berchtesgaden) in order to ensure a steady supply of fresh fruits and vegetables for Hitler throughout the war. Personal photographs of Bormann's children tending the greenhouse survive and by 2005 its foundations were among the only ruins directly associated with Nazi leaders visible in the area. For more information on this topic, see Vegetarianism of Adolf Hitler.

• Hitler didn't like women to wear cosmetics since they contained animal by-products.

• He was susceptible to flatulence (which doctors attributed to his diet) and took various medications to lessen gas pains.

• Contrary to popular legend, there is some evidence Hitler did not abstain entirely from alcohol. During post war interrogation in the USSR his valet Heinz Linge indicated Hitler drank champagne now and then with Eva Braun.

• He almost never wore a uniform to social engagements, which he attended frequently whenever in Berlin during the 1930s.

• At dinner he was known to complain about the quality of popular music in Germany, then hum a hit song with his own improvements.

• In response to a shortage of servants during the war, Hitler is reported to have said, "I stamp whole divisions into the dirt! And I can't get a few more serving wenches for the Berghof? Organise it now!"

• Hitler was an avid non-smoker and promoted aggressive anti-smoking campaigns throughout Germany. He reportedly promised a gold watch to any of his close associates who quit (and gave a few away). Several witness accounts relate that immediately after his suicide was confirmed, many officers, aides and secretaries in the Fuhrerbunker lit cigarettes.

• During the early 20th century Adolf was a popular name for German Jews. After World War II many survivors who had been born with this name changed it and the popularity of the name decreased dramatically. [7]

• The 2004 film Der Untergang (Downfall) is partly based on the autobiography of Traudl Junge, a favorite secretary of Hitler's. In 2002 Junge said she felt great guilt for "...liking the greatest criminal ever to have lived."

Finlands National Broadcasting Company YLE (Yleisradio in Finnish, Rundradion in Swedish) was founded in 1926. ... The famous Mannerheims equestrian statue by the Mannerheim road in downtown Helsinki, the capital of Finland Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (June 4, 1867 – January 28, 1951) was the reputed Commander-in-Chief of Finlands Defence Forces, Marshal of Finland, an outstanding strategist and officer and was later... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Bruno Ganz (born March 22, 1941 in Zurich) is a Swiss actor. ... Der Untergang (2004; international English title Downfall; released in the US as The Downfall: Hitler and the End of the Third Reich) is a controversial German film dramatising the final days of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945. ... For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ... Klara Hitler Klara Hitler born Klara Pölzl (August 12, 1860 - December 21, 1907), was the mother of Adolf Hitler. ... Dairy farm near Oxford, New York, July 2001 In many northern-hemisphere countries a dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal milk (mostly from cows, sometimes from buffaloes, sheep or goats) for human consumption. ... Look up Egg on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Freerange eggs in straw nest Egg has multiple meanings: The term is used synonymously with ovum, the female sex cell in animals and plants. ... Martin Bormann as honorary SS-Obergruppenführer Martin Bormann (June 17, 1900 – May 2, 1945) was a prominent German National Socialist official who became head of the Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei) and Private Secretary to Adolf Hitler, gaining his trust and deriving immense power within the Third Reich by controlling access... A greenhouse in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ... The Berghof The Berghof was Adolf Hitlers home in the Nazi Obersalzberg complex, in the Bavarian Alps near Berchtesgaden, Germany. ... Berchtesgaden is a German municipality in the Bavarian Alps with a population of around 9,000. ... Martin Bormanns children are seen (about 1940) inside the greenhouse he built for Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden, from colour movie film shot by Eva Braun which is now in the US National Archives. ... Closeup of a womans eye while wearing makeup Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ... Flatulence is a mixture of gases that are produced by symbiotic bacteria and yeasts living in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, and aerosolized particles of feces, and it is released under pressure through the anus with a characteristic sound and odour. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... Heinz Linge (1909-1982) was one of Adolf Hitlers servants at his headquarters. ... Champagne is often drunk as part of a celebration Champagne is a sparkling wine produced by inducing the secondary fermentation of wine. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ... Der Untergang (2004; international English title Downfall; released in the US as The Downfall: Hitler and the End of the Third Reich) is a controversial German film dramatising the final days of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945. ... Traudl Junge just after World War Two. ...

Hitler's associates

• Martin Bormann, Adolf Hitler's Private Secretary.
• Hans Frank, Hitler's lawyer and later senior Nazi official in occupied Poland.
• Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, 25th Chancellor of Germany.
• Hermann Göring, Commander of the Luftwaffe, founder of the Gestapo.
• Rudolf Hess, one-time Deputy Leader of the Nazi Party, best known for his flight to Scotland to negotiate peace in 1941.
• Reinhard Heydrich, considered as a possible successor by Hitler, assassinated by a team of Czech agents on May 27, 1942.
• Heinrich Himmler, leader of the SS, later the SA, as well as the Gestapo, key figure in the Holocaust and the "Final Solution".
• Heinrich Hoffmann, official photographer from 1920 to 1945.
• Alfred Jodl, military officer, knew Hitler since 1923.
• Wilhelm Keitel, military Field Marshal during World War II.
• Erwin Rommel, military Field Marshal during World War II.
• Ernst Röhm, leader of the SA, shot on Hitler's orders in the Night of the Long Knives.
• Albert Speer, Hitler's personal architect, Minister of armaments.
• Paul Troost, famous architect who served before Speer.

see also Martin Bormann as honorary SS-Obergruppenführer Martin Bormann (June 17, 1900 – May 2, 1945) was a prominent German National Socialist official who became head of the Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei) and Private Secretary to Adolf Hitler, gaining his trust and deriving immense power within the Third Reich by controlling access... Hans Frank (May 23, 1900 – October 16, 1946) was lawyer for the Nazi party during the 1920s and a senior official in Nazi Germany. ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also Goering or Goring in English) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was an early member of the Nazi party, founder of the Gestapo, and one of the main leaders of Nazi Germany. ... Rudolf Hess Rudolf Hess should not be confused with another prominent Nazi, Rudolf Höß (also spelled Höss or Hoess. ... Reinhard Heydrich as SS-Gruppenführer Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (March 7, 1904 – June 4, 1942) was an SS-Obergruppenführer , chief of the Reich Main Security Office, and Reich governor of Bohemia and Moravia. ... Heinrich Himmler   Heinrich Himmler? (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was the commander of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany. ... Youth and Hitler, a Hoffmann picture book Heinrich Hoffmann (October 12, 1885 - December 11, 1957) -was a German photographer. ... Colonel-General Alfred Jodl Alfred Jodl (May 10, 1890 - October 16, 1946) was a Wehrmacht officer. ... Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (September 22, 1882 – October 16, 1946) was a German Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) and a senior military leader during World War II. Early life and career The son of Carl Keitel, a middle-class landowner, he was born in Helmscherode near Hanover, Germany. ... Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (   listen?) (November 15, 1891 – October 14, 1944) was one of the most distinguished German Field Marshals and commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps in World War II. He is also known by his nickname The Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs,   listen?), for the skillful military campaigns he... Ernst Röhm Ernst Röhm (or Roehm) (November 28, 1887, Munich; July 1, 1934, Munich-Stadelheim prison, murdered) was a German military officer and commander and co-founder of the Nazi Sturmarbeitlung or stormtroopers. // Early Nazi years Röhm served as a career officer with the Bavarian Army during... The Night of the Long Knives (1934) (German, Nacht der langen Messer), also known as Reichsmordwoche or the Blood Purge, was a lethal purge of potential political rivals in the Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party. ... Albert Speer   Albert Speer? (March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer in Mannheim, Germany, the second of three sons. ... Paul Ludwig Troost Paul Ludwig Troost (August 17, 1878 to 21 March 1934) born in Elberfeld. ...

• List of Nazi Party leaders and officials
• List of former Nazis influential after 1945

Nazi Party (NSDAP) leaders and officials Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Gunter dAlquen Ludolf von Alvensleben Max Amann Benno von Arent Heinz Auerswald... List of well-known influential persons in East Germany (GDR), West Germany (FRG), Austria and in other states, who until 1945 were active Nazis or held leading positions in politics, culture, art, economics and society (for example as members of the SS, SA, SD, Gestapo, armed forces, government, state, NSDAP...

Media

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Adolf Hitler

Hitler at Berchtesgaden ( info) Video clips of Hitler at his mountain retreat in Berchtesgaden, Germany. Problems seeing the videos? Media help.

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Image File history File links Image:FilmRoll-small. ... Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden. ... Berchtesgaden is a German municipality in the Bavarian Alps with a population of around 9,000. ...

Notes

1. ^  "'Heil Schicklgruber!'???," about.com (accessed June 11, 2005); Cecil Adams, "Was Hitler part Jewish?," The Straight Dope (accessed June 11, 2005).
2. ^  Joachim C. Fest, "The Drummer," in The Face Of The Third Reich (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970; accessed June 11, 2005).
3. ^  Adolf Hitler and Volkswagen, Hitler Historical Museum, 1999 (accessed June 11, 2005).
4. ^  "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?," from FAQs About The Holocaust, Yad Vashem (accessed June 11, 2005); "The Holocaust," Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (accessed June 11, 2005).
5. ^  "11-million perished," St. Petersburg Times, 1999 (accessed June 11, 2005); Karen Silverstrim, "Overlooked Millions: Non-Jewish Victims of the Holocaust," University of Central Arkansas (accessed June 11, 2005).

See also

• Anti-Semitism
• Hitler in popular culture
• Hitler Has Only Got One Ball
• Nazi mysticism
• Hitler's death
• Members of Hitler's cabinet
• Nero Decree
• Widerstand, the resistance movements in Nazi Germany
• Hitler and the church
• Early Nazi Timeline covers the rise of Hitler
• Nazi architecture
• Nazi Germany
• Blondi (Hitler's famous dog)
• Nazi memorabilia

The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ... Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889–30 April 1945) was the Führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Hitler has only got one ball refers to the many variations on a set of vulgar lyrics to the popular Colonel Bogey March. These are four-line lyrics making fun of the Nazi leaders. ... Thule Society emblem Nazi mysticism is a term used to describe a quasi-religious undercurrent of Nazism; it denotes the combination of Nazism with occultism, esotericism, cryptohistory, and/or the paranormal. ... The front cover of Time magazine, May 7, 1945. ... This is a list of members of Hitlers cabinet from January 1933 to April 1945 January 1933 Adolf Hitler (NSDAP) - Chancellor Franz von Papen - Vice Chancellor Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath - Minister of Foreign Affairs Wilhelm Frick (NSDAP) - Minister of the Interior Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk - Minister of Finance... By March 1945, Allied forces had penetrated deep within Germany and were poised to launch their final assault on the Third Reich. ... Widerstand (German: resistance) is the name given to the resistance movements in Nazi Germany. ... Despite Germanys long history as the seat of the Holy Roman Empire and the birthplace of the Reformation, Christianity was in a decline during the rise of the Nazi Party. ... This Early Nazi Timeline tracks the development of National Socialism from its origins to Hitlers seizure of dictatorial powers. ... Nazi architecture was an integral part of the Nazi partys plans to create a cultural and spiritual rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Hitler with Blondi Blondi was the name of Adolf Hitlers German Shepherd. ... Nazi memorabilia are items of Nazi origin that are collected by museums and private individuals. ...

References

• The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, William L. Shirer (1960). Gramercy. (ISBN 0517102943)
• Doron Arazi, Adolf Hitler: A Bibliography, Greenwood, 1994, ISBN 0-877-36360-1
• Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives, HarperCollins, 1991, ISBN 0679729941
• Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, ISBN 0060920203
• Joachim Fest, Hitler, Harvest Books, 2002, ISBN 0156027542
• Brigitte Hamann, Thomas Thornton, Hitler's Vienna, Oxford University Press; New Ed edition, 2000
• Eberhard Jäckel, 1981, Hitler's World View: A Blueprint for Power, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• (Kershaw 1999): Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris, W W Norton, 1999, and Hitler 1937-1945: Nemesis, W W Norton, 2000, ISBN 0393320359
• Lothar Machtan, The Hidden Hitler (Basic Books, 2001, ISBN 0-465-04308-9; English translation by John Brownjohn) See Northeast Middle School Assistant principal.
• Adolf Hitler, 'Mein Kampf' Liberty Bell Publications (February, 2004) ISBN 1593640064
• (Haffner 1978): Sebastian Haffner, The Meaning of Hitler (1978) ISBN 0674557751 (short biographical, non-scholarly study, but according to Ian Kershaw one of the most remarkable studies on the dictator)
• (Krockow 2001): Christian Graf von Krockow: Hitler und seine Deutschen (German). List, München 2001 ISBN 3-471-79415-8
• Konrad Heiden: Hitler I Das Leben eines Diktators (German). Zürich 1936
• Konrad Heiden: Hitler II Ein Mann gegen Europa (German). Zürich 1937
• Albert Marrin: "Hitler". Penguin Books 1987. ISBN 0-670-81546-2
• Horstmann, Bernhard: Hitler in Pasewalk - Die Hypnose und ihre Folgen, Hitlers hysterische Blindheit. Droste Verlag 2004. ISBN 3-7700-1167-8
• Peter den Hertog, Hitlers schutkleur. De oorsprong van zijn antisemitisme, De Arbeiderspers, 2005, ISBN 90-295-6248-X (study on the psychological roots of Hitlers anti-Semitism)

Book cover The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by journalist William L. Shirer was the first definitive history of Nazi Germany in English. ... William Lawrence Shirer (February 23, 1904 - December 28, 1993) was an American historian and journalist. ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Lord Bullock Alan Louis Charles Bullock, Baron Bullock of Leafield (December 13, 1914 - February 2, 2004), British historian, was the author of an influential biography of Adolf Hitler and many other works. ... Joachim C. Fest (born December 8, 1926 in Berlin) is a German journalist and author, best known in English-speaking countries for his biography of Adolf Hitler. ... For the British actor, please see Ian Kershaw (actor). ... Sebastian Haffner (December 27, 1907, Berlin – January 2, 1999, pseudonym for Raimund Pretzel) was a German journalist and author. ... The Meaning of Hitler is the title of the English translation of the originally German 1978 book Anmerkungen zu Hitler by the journalist and writer Raimund Pretzel, who published all his books under the pseudonym Sebastian Haffner. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Adolf Hitler

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Adolf Hitler

WikiTree has more media related to:

Adolf Hitler

Wikisource has original works written by or about:

Adolf Hitler

• The Hitler Historical Museum
• Leadership: Hitler and Mussolini
• Extensive site on Adolf Hitler
• Answer.com: Hitler, several sources including Wikipedia
• Hitler's genealogy
• Mondo Politico Library's presentation of Adolf Hitler's book, Mein Kampf (full text, formatted for easy on-screen reading)
• Project Gutenberg of Australia downloadable eBook
• Hitler's 25 point national socialist program
• Adolf Hitler at the Internet Movie Database
• Excerpt from book about Hitler's WWI military service

• A detailed chart of Hitler's family tree
• Ancestry of Adolf Hitler: Who was Adolf's grandfather?
• Assessment of Adolf Hitler
• The Straight Dope: Was Hitler part Jewish?
• Hitler was a Leftist
• Hitler planned to kidnap the Pope and abolish Christianity
• Timeline Germany 1939-1944
• Hitler's life as a timetable (German)
• 1943 Psychological Profile of Hitler written by Dr. Henry A. Murray for the wartime Office of Strategic Services [1943 OSS Archives, DD247.H5 M87 1943]
• Hitler's Childhood Home
• Comprehensive account of the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party
• Adolf Hitler Speeches
• 1910 - 1940's Hitler: His Irish Connections by Tony McCarthy

Image File history File links i would like to see some quotations by or about goebbels. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Image File history File links Wikitree_logo_2. ... WikiTree (initiated on April 26, 2005) is a project running on the MediaWiki platform that aims to bring together basic personal profiles of all individuals we know ever lived on this planet and automatically construct bloodline trees of families that will gradually start forming a global family forest of humanity. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Abraham Lincoln Aristotle Ayn Rand Adolf Hitler Al Gore A Modest Proposal Articles of Confederation Arthur Schopenhauer Albert Einstein Amhrán na bhFiann Arthur Conan Doyle Ada programming language Antarctic Treaty System Andrew Jackson Andrew Johnson Adam Smith Bill Clinton Bible... Wikisource, The Free Library, is a Wikimedia project to build a free wiki library of primary source texts, along with translations of source-texts into any language and other supporting materials. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb), owned by Amazon. ... The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime (but not direct) precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency. ...

Anton Drexler (June 13, 1884 - February 24, 1942) was a Munich locksmith and member of the völkisch agitators who, together with journalist Karl Harrer, founded the German Workers Party (DAP) in 1919. ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German:   Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei?), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Hermann Göring as the SA Commander in 1923 Oberste SA-Führer was a title used by the Sturmabteilung from 1920 to 1945. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Kurt von Schleicher (4 April 1882–30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the era of the Weimar Republic. ... The German title Bundeskanzler is also the title of the Chancellor of Austria, and the title of a Swiss federal official (List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland). ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels (October 29, 1897 – May 1, 1945) was Adolf Hitlers Propaganda Minister (see Propagandaministerium) in Nazi Germany. ... Paul von Hindenburg President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg (full name Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg) (October 2, 1847 – August 2, 1934) was a German Field Marshal and statesman. ... Führer   listen? (often written Fuehrer or Fuhrer in English when umlauts are not used) is a proper noun meaning leader or guide in the German language. ... 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz. ...

Maria Anna Schicklgruber (April 15, 1795 – January 7, 1847) was Adolf Hitlers paternal grandmother. ... In German history, Johann Georg Hiedler (September 28, 1792 – 1857) was born to Martin Hiedler (November 17, 1762 - January 10, 1829) and Anna Maria Goschl (August 23, 1760 - December 7, 1854). ... Johann von Nepomuk Hiedler, also known as Johann von Nepomuk Hüttler (March 19, 1807 - September 17, 1888), was a maternal great-grandfather and possibly also the paternal grandfather of Adolf Hitler. ... Alois Hitler Alois Hitler, born Aloys Schicklgruber (7 June 1837 - 3 January 1903) was the father of Adolf Hitler. ... Geli Raubal Angela Geli Raubal (June 4, 1908 - September 18, 1931) was the daughter of Adolf Hitlers half sister, Angela Raubal. ... Eva Braun and Hitler Eva Anna Paula Braun (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion (and ultimately, wife for a night and a day) of Adolf Hitler. ... Bridget Elizabeth Dowling Hitler (alternative Brigid) (1891-1969) was Adolf Hitlers sister-in-law via her marriage to Alois Hitler, Jr. ... Alois Hitler, Jr. ... Adolf Hitler with his halfsister Angela Angela Raubal Hamitsch, born Angela Hitler (July 28, 1883 - October 30, 1949), was the elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler. ... Klara Hitler Klara Hitler born Klara Pölzl (August 12, 1860 - December 21, 1907), was the mother of Adolf Hitler. ... Paula Hitler Paula Hitler (21 January 1896 - 1 June 1960) was the younger sister of Adolf Hitler and the last child of Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Pölzl. ... William Patrick Hitler William Patrick Hitler (March 12, 1911–November 1987), nicknamed Willie, was the nephew of Adolf Hitler. ... Historians and biographers note some difficulty in attributing political beliefs to Adolf Hitler. ... The Beer Hall Putsch occurred in the evening of Thursday, November 8 to early afternoon of Friday, November 9, 1923 when the nascent Nazi partys Führer Adolf Hitler, the popular World War I General Erich Ludendorff, and other leaders of the Kampfbund, unsuccessfully tried to gain power in... Adolf Hitlers medical health has long been a subject of controversy. ... The front cover of Time magazine, May 7, 1945. ... Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889–30 April 1945) was the Führer of the National Socialist German Workers Party and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... The Great Dictator is a film directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin. ... A poster for the cartoon Der Fuehrers Face is a 1943 animated cartoon by Walt Disney Studios starring Donald Duck, as well as a song from that short. ... Hitler: The Last Ten Days is a 1973 film depicting the days leading up to Adolf Hitlers suicide. ... A fictional play in Mel Brooks The Producers, Springtime for Hitler was a musical about Adolf Hitler. ... Gay Hitler was a Saturday Night Live character performed by comedian Chris Kattan on Weekend Update that was very loosely based on the theory developed in historian Lothar Machtans book The Hidden Hitler, which suggested that Adolf Hitler had homosexual tendencies. ... Der Untergang (2004; international English title Downfall; released in the US as The Downfall: Hitler and the End of the Third Reich) is a controversial German film dramatising the final days of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in 1945. ...